M.Tech. (Homeopathy) / Students of Chiropractic, attending the University of Johannesburg (UJ), start the practical component of their training from their third year of study (Bunge & Tyranes, 2007). Each student must be proficient in 250 adjustments (200 of which must be spinal) by the end of their fifth year of study (Fletcher et al., 2005). As these manual manipulations are complex psychomotor skills, they require a good deal of practice to master (Bunge & Tyranes, 2007). Due to the practical nature of the course, Chiropractic students are required to practice their techniques of adjustment on each other. This places the students under a great deal of physical and mental strain as adjustments and techniques designed to reduce pain and restore normal musculoskeletal and neurological function in the presence of pathology are being consistently and repetitively applied to healthy individuals (Ebrall, 2003). This in turn results in the individuals experiencing various adverse effects such as headaches, muscular pain and joint pain (Bergman & Peterson, 2011; Botha, 2011; Venter, 2011). Conventional treatment for musculoskeletal pain (such as the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and analgesic drugs) can be costly and are known to have potential adverse effects (Neal, 2002). No research has been done to date on the effect of Homoeopathic Similimum treatment on musculoskeletal pain, as a result of practicing adjustments in Chiropractic students. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the Homoeopathic Similimum on musculoskeletal pain produced in Chiropractic students (attending the University of Johannesburg) as a result of practicing adjustments, by means of a Numeric Pain Scale Rating as well as via a 5-Point (Likert-type) Treatment Satisfaction Scale. This was a 2 week, randomised double-blind placebo-controlled, matched-pair study using 30 participants (third to fifth year UJ Chiropractic students, males and females, aged 20-35). Participants who met the inclusion criteria were matched according to the body-region affected (i.e. head, upper limb, back, lower limb or whole body) (Appendix C); they were then randomly divided into either the placebo or treatment group. Thereafter, an initial case-taking and focused physical examination (including vital signs) was conducted and the initial Numeric Pain Scores (baseline measurements) obtained (Appendix C) (Cox, 2010). The participant’s case was analysed, repertorised (using the Mercurius Computer Repertory-The Complete Repertory 2012) and the Similimum remedy was selected. The Homoeopathic Dispenser dispensed the medications and participants received either their Similimum remedy (in a 30cH potency to be administered in a dosage of 5 pillules once a day and as needed by the individual participant) or the placebo (composed of unmedicated pillules with identical dosage instructions). A follow-up consultation (on day 7) was conducted to assess progress, obtain the participant’s intermediate numeric pain score and to assess the prescription (Appendix E). After careful evaluation of the case, the researcher considered (depending on the participant’s response to the initial treatment) whether to change the prescription, alter the repetition of the dose, continue the same course of treatment or to stop the prescription altogether. On day 14 a final consultation was conducted (including a final physical examination) to assess overall progress, obtain final Numeric Pain (Appendix E) and Treatment Satisfaction Scores (Appendix F) (Cox, 2010; Pellegrin et al., 2001) and terminate prescriptions. Data collected from the Numeric Pain Scale Ratings and Treatment Satisfaction Score Sheets was analysed by STATKON. Frequencies, descriptives and cross-tabulations were done. The Shapiro-Wilk test assessed normality. A Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the two groups. Comparisons over time for each group were assessed using a Friedman test and a Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was done to ascertain where the differences occurred (Smith, 2011). The Friedman test results showed significant differences in both groups (i.e. the pain scores decreased in comparable increments for both groups over the two-week study period) and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test showed that both groups’ pain scores started to decrease at the 2nd consultation (i.e. at the end of week one). The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the treatment and placebo groups, either in terms of reduction of pain or participant satisfaction with treatment. Therefore it can be concluded that the Homoeopathic Similimum was not more effective than placebo in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain experienced by UJ Chiropractic students as a result of practicing adjustments. However, further research utilising a larger study sample and a longer period of study should be conducted before any definitive conclusions can be drawn.

Most students are adolescents and young adults, a group characterized by a new-found sense of independence, experimentation with sex and sometimes drugs and a feeling of invincibility (Gayle, Richard, Keeling, Garcia-Tunon, Kilbourne, Narkunas, Ingram, rogers and Curran, 1990:1538). These behavioural, developmental and environmental issues may contribute to premature morbidity, mortality and reduced quality of life for university students (Patrick et al., 1992:260). The ages of staff on the other hand range from young adults to retirement age. The types of health problems that exist among staff who use the campus health service include First Aid treatment on site for injuries on duty and more chronic health problems such as, for example, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. To date there is very little evidence as to whether or not the healthcare needs of students and staff are being met comprehensively or whether the practitioners rendering the service are knowledgeable and complying with the PHC norms and standards developed by the department of Health’s Quality Assurance Directorate. The lack of such empirical data can contribute to misconceptions and hamper the management of public health problems experienced in SA, for example sexually transmitted infections and the transmission of HIV. Thus the purpose of this research was to develop a model that would assist registered nurses employed at a higher education campus health service in the Western Region of the Eastern Cape Province to render a healthcare service relevant to the healthcare needs of the students and staff on campus.

Bakgrund: Förkunskapskrav inom träning finns inte i den grundläggande behörigheten till fysioterapeutprogrammet. Tidigare studier påvisade att en stereotypisk bild av fysioterapeutyrket fanns och att träning är en del av yrket. Fysioterapeutprogrammet lyfts också fram som ett krävande program som kan upplevas stressande. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka upplevelser och erfarenheter av icke formella förväntningar vad gäller träning från lärare/kursledare och andra studenter hos en grupp fysioterapeutstudenter vid Uppsala universitet. Vidare var syftet att undersöka hur de upplever att icke formella förväntningar påverkar dem. Design och metod: Deskriptiv och kvalitativ design. Datan insamlades genom sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med studenter från termin 5 på fysioterapeutprogrammet vid Uppsala Universitet. Dessa intervjuer analyserades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studenter upplevde att det fanns icke formella förväntningar från lärare, externa föreläsare och andra studenter samt utifrån utbildningens krav medan somliga upplevde att det inte fanns förväntningar. Studenter påverkades positivt, negativt eller inte alls av dessa. Det fanns också upplevda stereotypa bilder från externa personer och hos studenter innan start på programmet om hur en fysioterapeutstudent ska vara, dessa förändrades under utbildningens gång. Konklusion: Studenterna upplevde och hade erfarenheter av icke formella förväntningar gällande träning fanns från lärare, andra studenter och externa personer samt utifrån utbildningens krav. Dessa icke formella förväntningar påverkade studenterna mycket olika, allt från positivt och motiverande till negativt och stressande medan somliga inte upplevde någon påverkan alls. Resultatet kan bidra till utveckling av utbildningen och bemötande av studenter. / Background: Previous knowledge about exercise is not a demand in the basic eligibility to attend the physiotherapy program. Previous studies show that there is a stereotypical idea of the physiotherapy profession and that exercise is a part of the profession. The physiotherapy program is also highlighted as a program which can be stressful. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate perceptions and experiences of non-formal expectations regarding exercise from teachers/course leaders and other students in a group of physiotherapy students at Uppsala university. The purpose was also to investigate how the non-formal expectations affected the students. Method: Descriptive and qualitative design. Data was gathered through six semi-structured interviews with students from semester 5 attending the physiotherapy program at Uppsala university. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Result: Students experienced non-formal expectations from teachers, other students and guest teachers. Some students did not experience any expectations. Students were affected positive, negative or not at all by these expectations. They also experienced stereotypical ideas towards how a physiotherapy student should behave. Students perceptions of stereotypical ideas changed over time. Conclusion: The students experienced non-formal expectations regarding exercise from teachers, other students and guest teachers. These non-formal expectations affected the students differently, ranging from motivational to stressful while some did not experience any effect at all. The result of this study could contribute to the development of the program and treatment of the students.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-104). / vi, 104 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-135). / xiv, 135 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Japanese, Euro-Canadian, and Mexican university students listed their personal goals and completed questionnaires on their psychological well-being, health, and interpersonal relationship status at Time 1 (the beginning of the semester) and at Time 2 (the end of the semester). The relationships between the kinds of goals they listed (i.e., approach or avoidance) and their well-being, health, and interpersonal relationship status were assessed to investigate the moderating role of culture among these relationships. The regression analyses revealed marginal and significant interaction effects of culture and avoidance goals on psychological well-being, health, and interpersonal relationship outcomes at Time 2. The results offer support for the hypothesis: Compared with Canadians, Mexicans, and especially Japanese are less likely to experience adverse effects in the areas of well-being, health, and interpersonal relationship associated with avoidance goals. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

This study examined lifestyle changes as related to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese students at Oregon State University (OSU). The study population included male students or scholars from the People's Republic of China who were attending OSU during spring term 1992. Fifty subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included eight categories of information: (1) bodyweight and blood pressure, (2) diet, (3) alcohol consumption, (4) cigarette smoking, (5) physical activity, (6) psychological stress, (7) acculturation factors, and (8) demographic factors. Results indicated that for this group of Chinese students, bodyweight, consumption of dietary fat, dairy products, soft drinks, and psychological stress had increased significantly during their stay in the US. Meanwhile, the level of physical activity had decreased. These changes, especially if continued, may have the potential to increase their risk of developing CHD. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in blood pressure and alcohol consumption. For cigarette smokers, smoking had decreased. In their responses to the open-ended questions, the reasons given for bodyweight changes included diet, decreased physical activity, and increasing age. Diet changes were attributed to food availability, relative price, and convenience. For decreased cigarette smoking, lack of smoking environment was considered to be the most important factor. Automobile use, limited spare time, and no friend to play with were the reasons for decreased physical activity. Finally, pressure in school, financial difficulty, and worrying about future were considered to be the reasons for increased psychological stress. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the length of US stay and decreased physical activity were significant predictors for bodyweight gain. The length of US stay was also a significant predictor for changes in total dietary fat. Having financial aid from school was associated with decreased physical activity. Living as single was significantly associated with increased psychological stress. This study failed to identify any significant associations between acculturation factors and changes in the CHD risk factors. / Graduation date: 1993

This study systematically examines contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and practices among United States Midwestern college students. The goal is to provide data on the distribution and correlates of common or "folk" knowledge that can be used to promote positive attitudes, and safer practice of contraceptive use. Many factors may influence the distribution of contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. These include innate characteristics, culture, and gender stereotypes. Hence, this study concentrates on sex/gender differences in contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and practices. It was found that higher knowledge levels positively correlate with positive attitudes concerning contraceptive use. The ultimate goal is to ascertain what the differences are to provide a foundation to develop better education strategies for young adults. / Department of Anthropology