The culture demonstrates itself in the shared values, attitudes, beliefs, norms and behaviours of people and it is distinguished from each other by differences in those shared meanings of people interacting. As culture is varied across countries, leadership styles are also varied across countries and are not exercised in the same way across different cultures. They are imported in accordance with the cultural environment in which they are perceived. Therefore, understanding the culture is significant in order to explain preferences of leaders concerning leadership styles. The main purpose of the present dissertation is to provide an overview of the relationship between Turkish culture and the way in which leadership is exercised by Turkish female leaders. The present study is completed in three steps in order to demonstrate that the existing relationship between the Turkish culture and leadership styles of female leaders in Turkey. In the first step, the study examined what culture is, what dimensions of the national culture are, what leadership is and how leadership styles are culturally-linked. In the second step, the paper investigated how female leaders perceive and exercise different leadership styles across different cultures. In the third step, the study researched what cornerstones of Turkish culture and how anticipated leadership styles of Turkish female leaders are shaped by Turkish culture.     The study followed a qualitative research approach based on the grounded theory. Ten female leaders coming from different backgrounds were interviewed in order to draw a holistic picture of the relationship between Turkish cultural values and leadership styles of Turkish female leaders. The findings of the study indicate that the Turkish culture has an influence on leadership styles of Turkish female leaders. According to the results, while Islamic values have no significant impact on leadership behaviours of female leaders, such cultural attributes as collectivism, high power distance, uncertainty avoidance and paternalism have a huge impact on leadership styles of Turkish female leaders.       The research examined only leadership styles of Turkish female leaders. Therefore, this study recommends a future research which will investigate leadership styles of Turkish males in order to understand whether gender has also an effect on leadership styles of Turkish leaders.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to comprehend and analyse the impact of national culture on leadership within the healthcare industry. Method: This is an exploratory research in which qualitative data have been used. Interviews have been held with employees at Elekta-Greece EPE, Athens in Greece. As for validity and reliability, the data for this study were collected from a real business case (Elekta) via Skype interviews and then the responses were transcribed and later analysed in relation to fundamental academic research in combination with our critical thinking. Findings & Conclusions: By conducting this study, we discovered that culture can play a major role in the leadership behaviour for companies that operate within the healthcare industry on a global scale. Both national and corporate cultures influence the leader(s) and the employees of a company, either in a positive or a negative way. Cultural attributes, background, history, policies, rules and regulations are some of the factors that can be a game „‟changer‟‟ for the leadership of international companies. Those characteristics can affect work performance, job satisfaction, and the image of the company. Finally our conclusions also suggest that there is a difference between other industries and healthcare industry because of the power structure and the rigidness of the last one. Originality & Value: This research is unique in its kind due to the fact that there is no similar case or literature that examines the impact of national culture on leadership for international healthcare companies, like Elekta. However, there has been some research conducted within this industry during the last years, covering the subject of marketing. Limitations & Future Research: The limitation of this research is that it is a single case study so it cannot represent and be reflected for the whole healthcare industry. Also we could not acquire raw data from the parent company so we based the comparison on the data from Elekta-Greece and secondary data for the parent company. As for further investigation we suggest the expansion of this topic by conducting more case studies, add more countries at the same time in order to be able to create results that can be generalized for a successful cultural leadership on health-care industry.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of family of origin experiences and religiosity on parenting styles among low income black parents. Traditional research methods were explored. Non-probability sampling was utilized to collect data from forty respondents who were all parents of children attending a head start program. Self-reports of own parenting styles, family of origin parenting styles, and level of religiosity were used to measure study variables. Results indicated that family of origin experiences effect one's current parenting styles. Respondents who reported family of origin experiences of authoritarian parenting styles were also found to be authoritarian in their own styles; the same was true for the second category of permissive/authoritative parenting styles. Results for religiosity indicated that one's level of religiosity, either low or high, did not significantly effect one's current parenting style.

Business process models are an important means to design, analyze, implement, and control business processes. As with every type of conceptual model, a business process model has to meet certain syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic quality requirements to be of value. For many years, such quality aspects were investigated by centering on the properties of the model artifact itself. Only recently, the process of model creation is considered as a factor that influences the resulting model's quality. Our work contributes to this stream of research and presents an explorative analysis of the process of process modeling (PPM). We report on two large-scale modeling sessions involving 115 students. In these sessions, the act of model creation, i.e., the PPM, was automatically recorded. We conducted a cluster analysis on this data and identified three distinct styles of modeling. Further, we investigated how both task- and modeler-specific factors influence particular aspects of those modeling styles. Based thereupon, we propose a model that captures our insights. It lays the foundations for future research that may unveil how high-quality process models can be established through better modeling support and modeling instruction. (authors' abstract)

Diploma thesis contains information about learning styles of pupils and identifies effect respecting the learning styles of my lessons. Thesis distinguishes changes in the learning process and their results. Diploma thesis deals with learning styles in context Computer Science Education. The thesis contains theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part focuses on the didactic specifics and formulates the theoretical concept of learning styles in teaching information and communication technologies. The thesis respects preferred learning styles in a particular class and worked on the assumption that respect for learning styles in teaching information and communication technologies can be beneficial for teaching practice. The main objective is to find out change in the quality and results of the educational action. The conclusion summarizes and evaluates the results of research methods and formulates recommendations for teaching practice.

This study examined the relationship between principals' spiritual attitudes and transformational leaders and investigated if the combination of spirituality and demographic variables, such as gender, predicted transformational leadership. It was important to conduct this study utilizing the framework of transformational leadership since it has been identified as an effective type of leadership in educational settings (Leithwood & Jantzi, 1998; Ogawa & Hart, 1985). Piedmont's (1999) Spiritual Transcendence Scale was the instrument used to measure the participants' spiritual perspective and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire measured the type of leadership of each principal. The sample that was used in this study was 105 principals from Jefferson, Terrebone, and Plaquemines Parish School Systems in Southeastern Louisiana, in addition to principals involved in the School Leadership Center of Greater New Orleans. This correlational research design utilizing surveys was conducted via mail. The study determined that there is a relationship between transformational leadership, spiritual transcendence, and gender This study supports the position that there is a significant relationship between the predictor variable of principals' spirituality, as defined by the Spiritual Transcendence Scale, and transformational leadership, as defined on the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Additional findings showed gender as another predictor of transformational leadership, and further implications suggest that principals' sense of prayer fulfillment in their lives can also be a predictor of transformational leadership. These findings present major implications for leaders in education, education policy makers, and researchers and support the need for spirituality to be taught in the educating of future principals.

Despite its critical role in counselor training, empirical research on clinical supervision is generally limited (Bernard & Goodyear, 2003; Ellis & Ladany, 2007). This is also applied to an area of power dynamics in supervision. This study tested the relationship between the two aspects of power dynamics; namely, supervisors' power bases (i.e., sources of influencing others) and supervisory styles (i.e., typical ways of shaping supervision), based on the system's approach to supervision model (Holloway, 1995). This research was a correlational design. Students in masters' and doctoral counseling programs were asked to respond to an online questionnaire packet via Survey MonkeyTM. Of those who responded, 492 students who took supervision with professor or doctoral student supervisors constituted the sample. Varied numbers of participants were used for each analysis after missing or extreme data were deleted. Supervisors' usage of power bases and supervisory styles were measured by the adopted version of Interpersonal Power Inventory (Raven, Schwarzwald, & Koslowsky, 1998) and Supervisory Style Inventory (SSI; Friedlander & Ward, 1984), respectively. In part 1, results of factor analyses revealed four first-order power factors and two higher-order power factors (Soft & Harsh). Schmeid-Leiman's (1957) solution was also applied. In part 2, result of correlation analysis in revealed that supervisors' usage of Soft or Soft-type power factor (Idealized Expert) was moderately positively correlated to all three supervisory styles but that usage of Harsh or Harsh-type factors (Compensatory Obligation, Relational Power, & Collaborative Alliance) was only weakly correlated to supervisory styles, for majority of supervisors. Similarly, results of regression analyses revealed that supervisory styles did not significantly predict supervisors' usage of Harsh factor, but both supervisory styles and usage of ix Harsh factor significantly predicted usage of Soft factor at moderate and strong level, respectively. The interpersonally-sensitive styles predicted Soft factor slightly more strongly than the other styles. It was concluded that supervisors who engaged in supervision with any one of three supervisory styles also tended to use more Soft or Soft-type factor when there are disagreements, but rarely used Harsh or Harsh types.

Psykisk ohälsa ökar och enligt socialstyrelsen lider cirka 20 % av arbetsför ålder av psykisk ohälsa. En enkätundersökning genomfördes för att undersöka, hur stor betydelse kön, ålder, coping och känsla av sammanhang har på psykisk ohälsa? Totalt insamlades 108 enkäter var av 101 användes för analys. Data analyserades med hjälp av en hierarkisk multipel regressionsanalys och Pearson korrelationer. 39 % av variationen i psykisk ohälsa förklarades av KASAM, copingstil, ålder och kön. Starkast relaterad till ohälsa i regressionsanalysen var KASAM. Högre KASAM hos en individ innebär bättre psykisk hälsa. Diskussion förs kring bland annat fördelar och nackdelar med valda instrument, sned könsfördelning, samhällsnytta och enkätkonstruktion. Att se vilka faktorer som starkt påverkar psykisk ohälsa är av betydelse för vidare forskning för att sätta fingret på vad som påverkar psykisk ohälsa och till vilken grad.

Academic performance of first year university students in the international arena as well as locally, has been a point of concern for all stakeholders because of high dropout rates and failure. Although many explanations for this have been offered and accepted, all have located the problem external to the individual. This study examined the interplay between interpersonal and intrapersonal factors on academic performance of first year university students in South Africa. A sociocognitive perspective was employed by an investigation of student identity processing styles as a means to explain academic performance. A mixed sample of 419 first year psychology students at a South African university was randomly chosen. Berzonsky’s Identity Style Inventory (ISI3) was used to categorise students’ identity processing styles which was then correlated to students’ mid-year examination results. Although similar research was conducted overseas, the findings of the present study did not match previous results. Unlike any other known study the correlation between normative processing style and academic performance of first year university students was statistically significant but was negative. There was significant difference only between informational and normative identity processing styles on academic performance and between informational and diffuse-avoidant processing styles on academic performance. It was found in this study that culture and race played a role in student identity processing styles and in turn influenced student academic performance in the first year of university. A discussion of results, educational implications of findings, limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are included at the end of this study.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between identity processing styles and self-efficacy to academic achievement in first-year university students. The sample included one hundred and twenty-seven first-year university students (n=127). Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select the participants on the basis of their status as first-year university students. Participants completed a Demographic Questionnaire, Identity Style Inventory Revised (ISI3) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). The research findings indicated a non-significant relationship between the normative and diffuse-avoidant identity processing styles to academic achievement. However, a significant relationship was found between the informational identity processing style and academic achievement. More specifically, a weak, negative correlation between the informational identity processing style and academic achievement was noted. With regard to General Self-Efficacy, a significant relationship between identity processing styles and General Self-Efficacy was indicated. With reference to previous research studies, the results of the current research study are discussed.