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Obesity is a heterogeneous condition that can seriously impact the degree to which one is healthy and socially accepted. It is generally considered to be greatly influenced by genetic factors. Given that we cannot change our genes, it was the purpose of this study to try to further understand the variables related to obesity that are not genetic. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of certain family systems variables and childhood feeding practices on Body Mass Index (BMI). The family variables of interest were intergenerational intimacy, intergenerational differentiation, intergenerational triangulation, spousal intimacy, spousal differentiation, nuclear family triangulation, and the relationship between eating and sex. The childhood feeding variables of interest related to the use of food as a reward, coercive use of food, parental disagreement about feeding, the expression of love through food, and feeding enmeshment (i.e., the perception of parental overcontrol in feeding). Because certain eating styles have been found to be related to obesity, further investigation revolved around the impact of the family and feeding variables on eating styles. The eating styles of interest were restrained eating, emotional eating, external eating, and binge eating. The variables were studied by surveying employees of a school system in southwest Virginia. Body Mass Index was found to be significantly positively correlated with feeding enmeshment, weight as a means of sexual avoidance, and eating in response to a lack of physical affection. Restrained eating was not found to be significantly related to any family or childhood feeding variable. Emotional eating, external eating, and binge eating were all significantly negatively correlated with intergenerational intimacy, spousal differentiation, and nuclear family triangulation health, significantly positively correlated with sexual avoidance and deprivation of affection. In addition, emotional eating and binge eating were significantly negatively correlated with intergenerational differentiation, while external eating and binge eating were significantly negatively correlated with spousal intimacy. Emotional eating was positively correlated with all of the childhood feeding practices, while external eating and binge eating were correlated with four and three, respectively, of the feeding practices. While there were many significant correlational findings, there were few significant coefficients in the hierarchical regression analyses, presumably because of the high intercorrelations between the predictor variables (the family and feeding variables). In general, it can be said that family functioning and childhood feeding behaviors are relevant to overeating and overweight. The family and feeding variables are better predictors of eating styles that can lead to obesity than of obesity per se. High levels of dysfunction in families and frequent use of food in non-nutritional ways are associated with high levels of emotional, external, and binge eating. These findings may have implications for physicians and therapists. / Ph. D.

Yes / Lillis (2001: 53) calls referencing an ‘institutional practice of mystery’, a frequent cause of student anxiety and complaint. It is an area in which a vast perceptional gulf exists between academics and students, one in which academic support staff can see both sides. Students, not wanting to look ‘stupid’ in front of academic staff, will often express their concerns only to librarians and other support staff, so academics do not see the full range of anxieties. This paper reflects on this problem and reports on a successful project to alleviate student fears by decreasing the number of official referencing styles at the University of Bradford.

No / Response style effects are a source of bias in cross-national studies, with some nationalities being more susceptible to particular response styles than others. While response styles, by their very nature, vary with the form of the stimulus involved, previous research has not investigated whether cross-national differences in response styles are stable across different forms of a stimulus (e.g., item wording, scale type, response categories). Using a quasi-experimental design, this study shows that response style differences are not stable across different stimulus formats, and that response style effects impact on substantive cross-national comparisons in an inconsistent way.

The study investigated the relationship among three cognitive styles and summarization abilities. Both summarization products and processes were examined. Summarizing products were scored and a canonical correlation analysis was performed to determine their relationship with three cognitive styles. Summarizing processes were examined by videotaping students as they provided think aloud protocols. Their processes were recorded on composing style sheets and analyzed qualitatively. Subjects were sixth-grade students in self-contained classes in a suburban school district. Summarizing products were collected over a two week period in the fall. Summarizing processes were collected over an eight week period in the spring of the same school year. The results of the summarizing products analysis suggest that cognitive styles are related to summarization abilities. Two canonical correlations among the two variable sets were statistically significant at the .05 level of significance (.33 and .29). The results further suggest that students who are field independent, reflective, and flexible in their attentional style may be more adept at organizing their ideas and using written mechanics while summarizing. Students who are impulsive and constricted in attentional style may exhibit strength in expressing their ideas while summarizing. Results of the summarizing processes analysis suggest that students of one cognitive style combination may exhibit different behaviors while summarizing than those of other cognitive style combinations. Students who are field independent, reflective, and flexible in their attentional style seem to display more mature, interactive behaviors while summarizing than their peers of other cognitive style combinations.

<p>Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete är att se om ledare tenderar att ha skiftande ledarstilar i och med att de har skiftande förutsättningar. Vi vill även se hur stor medvetenhet ledare tenderar att ha beträffande sin egen ledarstil.</p><p>Metod: Vi har valt att genomföra en kvalitativ studie, med intervjuer som ett viktigt inslag. Informationen som vi har insamlat ligger till grund för vår analys och slutdiskussion. Vi har utfört en intensiv studie där vi endast har intervjuat några få respondenter och utifrån de erhållna svaren bildat oss en uppfattning. Vi har studerat redan befintliga teorier och ställt dessa mot vårt empiriska material. Vårt mål har inte varit att hitta en absolut sanning, utan vår avsikt har varit att se om vår empiriska undersökning stämmer, eller inte stämmer, överens med tidigare forskning.</p><p>Resultat & slutsats: Det som vi har funnit är att ingen av våra respondenter har en renodlad ledarstil. De leder som de önskar att leda, men vi ser dock att vissa förutsättningar påverkar ledarstilen. Verksamheter med olika inriktningar och skiftande produktion påverkar ledaren, i och med att kraven varierar mellan olika branscher. Det som vi kan konstatera, är att ledarstilen är ett medvetet val i den bemärkelse att samtliga respondenter har valt att leda efter hur de är som personer. Samtliga respondenter är även överens om att de egenskaper de själva har och hur de är som personer, speglar den bild av ledare som de vill vara.</p><p>Förslag till vidare forskning: Ett förslag på vidare forskning, kan vara att undersöka ledarstilar i en viss vald bransch och därmed inrikta sig till på en och samma typ av verksamhet. Det kan vara intressant att se om det finns likheter/olikheter på ledarskapet inom samma verksamhetsgren, och jämföra dessa ledare med varandra.</p><p>Uppsatsens bidrag: Våra förhoppningar är att denna uppsats ska bidra till en ökad förståelse för att ledare och deras stilar inte är en enkel ekvation. Främst ser vi att vårt arbete kan vara till nytta för medarbetare. Vi tror att en ökad medvetenhet hos dem kan leda till en ökad förståelse för varför deras ledare har en viss stil och därmed skapa viss respekt.</p> / <p>Aim: The aim of this work is to see if leaders tend to have varying leadership styles in view of the fact that they have varying conditions. We also want to see how big awareness leaders tend to have regarding there own leadership style.</p><p>Method: We have chosen to carry out a qualitative study, with interviews as an important element. The information we have collected constitute the base for our analysis and conclusions. We have completed an intensive study where we only have interviewed a few persons, and formed an understanding on the basis of the answers. We have studied already existing theories and compared them with our empirical material. Our goal have not been to find an absolute truth, instead our intention have been to see if our empirical investigation correspond or not with earlier research.</p><p>Result & Conclusions: What we have found is that none of our respondents have a pure leadership style. They lead as they wish to lead, but we can see that some conditions do have an effect on the leadership style. Businesses whit different directions and changing productions affect the leader, since the demands vary between branches. What we could state is that the leadership style is an aware choice in the sense that all respondents’ has chosen to lead dependent on the kind of person they are. All respondents also agree that their qualities and how they are as persons, reflects the leader they wish to be.</p><p>Suggestions for future research: A suggestion for future research could be to investigate leadership styles in a chosen branch, and with that set focus on the same type of business. It could be interesting to see if there are similarities or differences in the leadership in the same field of activity, and compare the leaders with each other.</p><p>Contribution of the thesis: Our expectations are that this essay will contribute to an increased understanding for the complex equation between leaders and their styles. Foremost we see that this work can be useful for co-worker. We believe that an increased awareness could lead to an increased understanding in why their leader has a certain style, and with that create some respect.</p><p>Främst ser vi att vårt arbete kan vara till nytta för medarbetare. Vi tror att en ökad medvetenhet hos dem kan leda till en ökad förståelse för varför deras ledare har en viss stil, och därmed skapa viss respekt.</p>

In recent years, engineering education has witnessed a sharp increase in research aimed at the outcomes of academic success and persistence within engineering programs. However, research surrounding the key forces shaping student persistence remains unknown. This study explores enhancements and broader perspectives of learning; the relationship among dimensions of resilience theory and learning styles in engineering students to identify elements of both that contribute towards academic persistence and to determine which components of both contribute towards strengthening students’ academic persistence in engineering. The study was conducted using two quantitative self-reporting instruments to measure resilience and learning style preference, the Personal Resilience Questionnaire (PQR) and the Index of Learning Styles (ILS). Retention was measured as the continuous enrollment of a student into the second semester of the first-year engineering program. Results indicate that the following have a statistically significant effect on student persistence in engineering programs at Texas A&M University: learning style construct sequential; resilience constructs positive (self) and focus; with both tools combined, positive (self), organized, positive (world), flexibility (self) and focus; and a newly combined construct, Walton’s self-efficacy.

This study aims to examine the prevalence of traumatic events among university students and to evaluate the predictive values of socio-demographic variables, trauma characteristics, attachment styles and coping styles in posttraumatic growth. 321 students from the Middle East Technical University and Hacettepe University participated in the study. A trauma checklist, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Relationship Scales Questionnaire, Attachment Style Questionnaire and Ways of Coping Inventory were administered. The results showed that living a disaster, death of a family member, living a serious accident or a serious health problem, a suicidal attempt or the suicide of a significant other or a friend and losing a significant other in an accident or in an act of violence are the traumas which were reported by the participants. In the regression analysis, gender, felt horror and helplessness during the traumatic event, optimistic coping style and fatalistic coping style are found to be significant predictors of posttraumatic growth. The results are discussed within the existing literature findings. The clinical implications are offered.