Theoretical part of this thesis deals with description of substitutional family care and its types. Importance of family care for child's development is emphasized at the beginning of the thesis. Further legislation of the substitutional family care and also terms of its mediation are described. The theoretical part deals with history of the substitutional family care in our country and also in other countries. Then some weaknesses of the substitutional family care and its system are mentioned. Second part of the thesis contains research with several chosen caseworkers who work in branch of the substitutional family care. Detection of respondents' opinions about education and personality predispositions for good practise of profession is the aim of the research.

This diploma thesis deals with the institute of foster care. Foster care has been a widely discussed issue lately, in the field of family law. After years of theoretical considerations, discussions and preparations, a lot of significant changes have been made in this area, which have been incorporated into the new Civil Code and have been defined by the Amendment No. 401/2012 of the Coll., of the Act on Social-Legal Protection of children. The main objective of such changes is to professionalize foster care, and thus create an alternative to institutional care, to make foster care work in a more efficient way, to lower the risks of failure in daily practice, and to increase a notion of such form of substitute care in public. On the very top of general ideas and considerations remains especially the best interest and well being of a foster child. The emphasis is laid on the child's right to grow up in a background of a family and on help provided to a family with an endangered child. The diploma thesis is divided into seventeen chapters. First chapter gives an introduction to the issue of substitute care and talks about individual forms of such care. Second chapter presents a historical view into the individual phases of the development of foster care. Third chapter is dedicated to state and international...

Foster care, which represents the most common form of substitute family care in many developed countries including Czech Republic, constitutes the topic of this thesis. Foster care is managed, controlled and financed by the state. Its purpose is to provide a foster home for child, whose parents cannot, do not want to, or fail to take care of for various reasons. In Czech Republic foster care has undergone an interesting development, which reflected situation at the time, as well as empirical and theoretical knowledge in this area. Under the Communist regime, which idealized institutional care, foster care was even canceled a number of years. At present, foster care is widely used and supported by the state. Experts stress the importance of long-term foster care and her ability to redress psychological deprivation in children. On the other side, the experts warn of dire psychological consequences of institutional care. According to the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., civil code as well as several international conventions, substitute family care takes precedence over institutional care. The diploma thesis defines the basic concepts related to foster care (the right to respect for family life, the best interests of the child, substitute care for children, substitute family care, foster care and foster care for...

This diploma thesis deals with the public awareness of substitute family care. The theoretical part describes the current substitute family care system, its historical context based on the SFC models, including a summary of their advantages and disadvantages. There are also mentioned the changes that will follow after change the system of substitute family care after the entry into force of the amendment to the Act on Social and Legal Protection of Children. The practical part is focused on interviews with professionals working in this area. Experts are asked about current and future substitute family care system and their experience with it, including suggestions for possible changes. Keywords: The substitute family care, adoption, foster care

Turbocharger performance maps are vital components used in an engine-turbocharger matching process, a 1D engine performance development stage and a day-to-day operation of a turbocharged vehicle. The main aim of this thesis is the investigation of the turbocharger compressor performance when operating with an alternative to air substitute gas. This occurs, for instance, when turbocharging and low pressure exhaust gas recirculation (LP EGR) technologies are combined. To conduct the experimental study of the turbocharger performance with substitute gas a steady-state turbocharger test facility with a compressor closed-loop mode has been designed and built within this thesis by the author. Also, for the most accurate performance map determination an uncertainty analysis of a selected turbocharger performance map and an extensive study on surge have also been carried out. The sensor based uncertainty analysis has been a key aspect to help to understand the links between the accuracy of measured quantities and the overall uncertainty of the performance parameters. Such knowledge allowed for a selection of sensors targeting the most accurate data measurement. While investigating the uncertainty of the turbocharger performance maps heat transfer related efficiency uncertainty was also studied. Namely, a series of a semi-adiabatic tests were performed in the low turbocharger speed region which highlighted the issues related to a work and heat transfer separation and uncertainty of the extrapolated performance data. Also, a contribution to the turbocharger heat transfer modelling has been made by supporting the in-house lumped capacitance thermal node model with the 3D CHT (conjugate heat transfer) simulations [1, 2]. Finally, a study of a literature based compressor heat estimation method was performed as an alternative way of separating work and heat transfer (with low speed adiabatic mapping). The experimental surge study was conducted in phases and included the analysis and comparison of the low and high frequency pressure data gathered at various locations downstream and upstream from the compressor and temperature data collected at close distance from impeller eye. It has been concluded that the post-compressor located pressure measurement is preferable (than the pre-compressor pressure measurement) as the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) magnitude of the peak frequency associated with surge is independent on the distance of the sensor from the compressor. The useage of the temperature sensor installed at the closest distance from the compressor entry allowed an observation of the near surge temperature rise (a result of the air recirculation). However, due to the inconsistent rate of the temperature rise across the various speed lines along with the poor response it offers no benefit from the surge avoidance point of view. The comparison of the available surge metrics revealed that the resultant surge lines were drawn at different operating points especially at the higher turbocharger speed lines where the surge development investigated by the rise of the low frequency FFT magnitude peaks was much more visible. The experimental tests performed in steady-state and pulsating flow conditions have indicated larger surge margin availability for the latter case [3]. Development of a turbocharger rig and gaining the confidence in turbocharger performance map generation allowed the author to carry out the investigation over compressor performance with a substitute gas. The study covered two cases of homogeneous and non-homogeneous gas introduction representing a well and a poorly mixed gases respectively. The substitute gas included various mixtures of CO2 and air and pure CO2. It has been highlighted that when comparing turbomachinery performance maps working with substitute gas non-dimensional speed and mass flow parameters shall be introduced. These parameters allow for the map corrections with respect to individual gas constant (R) and ratio of specific heats (γ). The experimentally obtained compressor performance maps with low CO2 concentration in CO2-air mixtures (3%, 5% and 10%) were successfully corrected with the use of non-dimensional speed and mass flow parameters. However, the compressor performance map obtained for the pure CO2 has revealed significant offsets in pressure ratio, efficiency, surge and choke flow locations. This is due to a significantly different γ. In the attempt of the further performance correction a method proposed by Roberts and Sjolander has been followed. As a result of such, a poor match between the measured and predicted values of compressor efficiency was achieved (n exponent = 0.8). A closer correlation was obtained if the n exponent was made a speed dependent variable. This observation has suggested that the measurement of compressor efficiency was affected by the heat transfer between the uninsulated turbomachinery components. Due to the time limitations this assertion has not been investigated experimentally. Realising this limitation, therefore, a series of adiabatic CFD simulations have been performed instead. These simulations have shown that for the case of pure CO2 a reasonable match between the simulated and predicted values of efficiency and pressure ratio was achieved. The experimental and numerical comparison of the compressor performance for homogeneously and non-homogeneously introduced substitute gas did not show any significant compressor performance changes. Finally, experimental study of selected configurations of the intake pipework and EGR mixing valve has shown that complex flow regimes can be developed within the LP EGR system affecting the compressor’s surge margin, efficiency and width of the map. This demonstrates that the aerodynamic disturbances of an EGR mixing valve may have the largest influence on the compressor map compared to all other factors.

Neste trabalho foi estudada a formação de membranas para obtenção de compostos dermo-epidérmicos. A porção dérmica foi desenvolvida utilizando-se mistura de polímeros sintéticos, o poli(álcool vinílico) - PVAl ou poli(vinilpirrolidona) – PVP, com polímero natural, a quitosana. As membranas foram reticuladas pela radiação g ou glutaraldeído. A porção epidérmica destas membranas foi formada por queratinócitos cultivados in vitro, os quais foram semeados sobre as membranas correspondentes e verificada sua interação. As membranas que melhor interagiram com os queratinócitos foram aquelas preparadas com quitosana pela reticulação com glutaraldeído, porém não satisfazendo as características mecânicas de manipulação. As membranas que possuíam as melhores características mecânicas, porém com moderada interação com os queratinócitos, foram as compostas de PVAl, liofilizada e intumescida com quitosana. Os componentes foram caracterizados isoladamente, bem como as membranas formadas pelos mesmos. O PVAl foi caracterizado quanto a sua dose gel e a quitosana quanto à determinação das constantes de Mark-Houwink, grau de acetilação e dissolução em diferentes valores de pH. As membranas foram caracterizadas quanto a sua cinética de intumescimento com água. Na membrana de PVAl com quitosana incorporada foi avaliada sua degradação in vitro, determinada sua cinética de intumescimento com a quitosana e estimado o tamanho do poro. As membranas de quitosana reticuladas com glutaraldeído foram caracterizadas quanto à cinética de intumescimento e verificado o possível desprendimento de glutaraldeído. As duas membranas caracterizadas isoladamente foram unidas para formação de uma única membrana, como a parte dérmica do composto, onde a membrana de PVAl incorporada com quitosana foi recoberta com a membrana de quitosana reticulada com glutaraldeído. Quitosanas de outras procedências foram avaliadas na interação com os queratinócitos. / Membrane formations were studied to obtain dermal-epidermal compounds. The dermal portion was developed using synthetic polymers mixture, poly(vinyl alcohol)-PVAl or poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-PVP, with natural polymers, and chitosan. The membranes were crosslinked by gamma irradiation or glutaraldehyde. The epidermal portion of these membranes was formed by keratinocytes cultured in vitro, seeded on these membranes to verify their interaction. The membranes that interacted better with keratinocytes were those prepared with chitosan by glutraldehyde crosslinking, although not satisfying handling mechanical characteristics. The best mechanical characteristic was observed at PVAl membranes frezed dried and chitosan incorporated, but with moderate keratinocytes interaction. The components were characterized separately as well as the membranes formed by both. The PVAl was characterized as to its gel dose and to chitosan were determined Mark-Houwink equation, deacetilation degree and solubility under changes of pH. The membranes were characterized as to their swelling kinetic degree in water. In the membrane of PVAl with chitosan incorporated was evaluated its degradation in vitro, swelling kinetic degree with chitosan solution and the pore size. The chitosan membranes crosslinked by glutaraldehyde were characterized as to their swelling kinetic degree and verified the possibility of deatached glutaraldehyde. Membranes characterized separetelly were joined to perform the ideal dermal component, where the PVAl with chitosan incorporated membrane was covered by chitosan crosslinked by glutaraldehyde membrane. Chitosan from other sources were evaluated in the interaction with keratinocytes.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-10-04T16:57:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tamiris Maciel Peron.pdf: 618644 bytes, checksum: 5864b13ad7decc0ea60406c212b2c552 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T16:57:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tamiris Maciel Peron.pdf: 618644 bytes, checksum: 5864b13ad7decc0ea60406c212b2c552 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-20 / The ICMS tax substitution system has been discussed and questioned, by the Tax Law, becoming one of the most complex and controversial terms in Brazil. However, not only the tributary Law area, but also the account professional, has been having issues about this subject. Such complexity is because of the ICMS to be a tax which the law competence shall be performed by the Brazilian Political Division (States), which creates many different rules for each kind of economic activity in their territories, as the possibility of creating agreements among them to regulate specific transactions. The present study intended to demonstrate how to calculate the ICMS/ST tax by the many possibilities that the contributor have at the systematic of ICMS tax substitution, such as the particularities, unconstitutionality and complexity of it, helping the account professional in their tributary routine / A substituição tributária do ICMS vem sendo debatida e questionada dentro do estudo do Direito Tributário, tornando-se um dos mais complexos e controvérsios assuntos na área. Porém, não somente a área do Direito Tributário como também o profissional contábil tem enfrentado problemas neste assunto. Parte dessa complexidade se dá pelo fato de o ICMS ser um tributo de competência legislativa dos Estados, que promovem suas próprias regras de aplicação do imposto sobre cada ramo de atividade econômica dentro de seu território, além da possibilidade de criação de acordos entre os Estados e o Distrito Federal para regras de aplicações específicas entre os signatários. O presente estudo tem o objetivo de demonstrar como é elaborado o cálculo do ICMS recolhido por substituição tributária dentre as várias possibilidades enfrentadas pelo contribuinte substituto dentro da sistemática da substituição tributária do ICMS, suas particularidades, inconstitucionalidades e complexidade, auxiliando assim o profissional contábil em sua rotina tributária

En cancérologie cervico-faciale, la couverture d’éléments nobles ou de pertes de substance profondes fait souvent appel à l’utilisation de lambeaux locaux, locorégionaux ou libres. La réalisation de lambeaux autologues nécessite de sacrifier une structure indemne au profit de la structure lésée. Lorsque la réalisation d’un lambeau n’est pas envisageable, l’utilisation de substitut dermique peut être une alternative.L’ingénierie tissulaire permet de cultiver presque tous les types cellulaires (cellules différenciées, cellules souches) seuls ou en association (pe peau totale reconstruite) avec des matrices telles que le collagène pour obtenir des cultures tridimensionnelles. Utilisées in vivo en tant que substrat dermique, les matrices de collagène vont servir de guide aux cellules de l’hôte qui vont la coloniser, synthétiser leur propre matrice extra-cellulaire et développer un réseau vasculaire.Les tissus reconstruits se comportent comme des greffes : leur nutrition se fait d’abord par imbibition à partir du site receveur, puis par recolonisation vasculaire à partir du lit de la greffe. L’épaisseur du tissu greffable est donc limitée.Une revue de la littérature sur la peau reconstruite par ingénierie tissulaire et des différentes stratégies de vascularisation d’un tissu reconstruit est présentée. Le but de notre travail était d’évaluer les capacités des substituts dermiques comme vecteur de cellules souches pour la régénération tissulaire in vivo et comme support au développement d’une neovascularisation à partir d’un vaisseau sanguin ouvrant la voie au lambeau microanastomosable reconstruit in vitro. / In head and neck cancer, coverage of noble elements or deep wounds often requires the use of local, locoregional or free flaps. Autologous flaps consist of transferring the patient’s own tissues, but require sacrifice of the healthy structure to replace the damaged structure. When performing a flap is not an option, the use of dermal substitute may be an alternative.Tissue engineering is a rapidly growing discipline comprising multiple fields of research. Almost all cell types can be cultured alone or in combination (e.g. reconstructed full-thickness skin) with matrices such as collagen to obtain three dimensional cultures. Collagen matrices, used in vivo as dermal substrates, are used to guide the growth of host cells (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, etc.) that colonize the matrix, synthesize their own extracellular matrix and develop a vascular network.Reconstructed tissues behave like tissue grafts: nutrition of these tissues is initially based on diffusion from the recipient site and then by vascular recolonization from the bed of the graft. The thickness of graftable tissue is therefore limited.A review of the literature on skin tissue engineering and current strategies to create vascularized tissue is presented. The aim of our study was to evaluate the capacity of dermal substitutes as a carrier of stem cells for tissue regeneration in vivo and as a support to the development of neovascularization from a blood vessel opening the way to flap suitable for microvascular transplantation reconstructed in vitro.

Submitted by JOÃO PAULO BONARDI null (joao_bonardi@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-06T16:15:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação João Paulo corrigido.pdf: 3605304 bytes, checksum: d85c867eef7490b5298db3147e3a1be1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-03-09T20:16:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bonardi_jp_me_araca.pdf: 3605304 bytes, checksum: d85c867eef7490b5298db3147e3a1be1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-09T20:16:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bonardi_jp_me_araca.pdf: 3605304 bytes, checksum: d85c867eef7490b5298db3147e3a1be1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivos: Comparar através de análise hitométrica e imunoistoquimica o comportamento do ChronOs® (β-TCP) e do Bio-Oss® (Osso bovino inorgânico ) puros e misturados ao osso autógeno na proporção 1:1 em seios maxilares de humanos. Metodologia: 30 pacientes foram convidados para participar deste trabalho, resultando em 30 seios enxertados com osso autógeno puro (grupo A (controle)), ChronOs® puro (grupo C), ChronOs® em adição de osso autógeno na proporção 1:1(grupo CA), Bio-Oss® puro (grupo B) e Bio-Oss® em adição de osso autógeno na proporção de 1:1 (grupo BA), onde foram realizadas biopsias 6 meses após a realização desses enxertos e analisadas através de histometria (analisadas através do software ImageJ) e imunoistoquimica (RUNX2, VEGF e Osteocalcina). Os resultados foram tabulados, o teste de Shapiro-Wilk foi aplicado para avaliação da normalidade, em seguida foram aplicado os testes Kruskal-Wallis e Anova 1 fator para os dados paramétricos e não paramétricos sucetivamente e o teste de Tukey como pós teste. Resultados: Para neoformação óssea o grupo A foi maior que os grupos B e BA e o grupo CA foi maior que o grupo BA (p<0,05). Para os remanescentes de biomateriais o grupo BA apresentou um número maior que os grupos Chronos C, CA e A (p<0,05). Para tecido mole o grupo C foi maior que o grupo B (p<0,05). O resultado das imunomarcações mostrou marcação fraca para RUNX 2 nos grupos A, C, B e BA e marcação moderada para o grupo CA. Marcação intensa para VEGF nos grupos B e CA, moderada nos grupos A e C e fraca no grupo BA. Para a Osteocalcina houve uma marcação intensa em todos os grupos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o Chronos puro ou misturado apresentam comportamento mais próximo ao osso autógeno em termos de quantidade de tecido ósseo neoformado e remanescentes de biomateriais que o Bio Oss puro ou associado ao osso autógeno. / Objectives: To compare the performance of ChronOs® (β-TCP) and Bio-Oss® (Inorganic bovine bone) pure and mixed with autogenous bone in a 1: 1 ratio in maxillary sinuses of humans through histometric and immunohistochemical analysis. Metodology: 30 patients were invited to participate of this study, resulting in 30 grafted sinuses with pure autogenous bone (group A (control)), pure ChronOs® (group C), ChronOs® in addition 1: 1 autogenous bone (group CA), pure Bio-Oss®(group B) and Bio-Oss® in addition1: 1 (group BA), which biopsies were performed 6 months after the grafting and analyzed by histology (analyzed using ImageJ software) and immunohistochemistry (RUNX2, VEGF and Osteocalcin). The results were tabulated, the Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to evaluate the normality, then the Kruskal-Wallis and Anova 1 tests were applied for the parametric and non-parametric data and Tukey test as post test was applied. Results: The group A was higher than B and BA groups, and the group CA was higher than the BA group (P <0.05). For the remainder of biomaterials, BA group presented a higher number than Chronos C, CA and A groups (P <0.05). For soft tissue, group C was greater than group B (P <0.05). The immunolabeling results showed poor labeling for RUNX 2 in groups A, C, B and BA and moderate labeling for CA group. Intense labeling for VEGF in B and CA groups, moderate in groups A and C and weak in BA group. For Osteocalcin, there was an intense marking in all groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that pure or mixed Chronos present behavior closer to the autogenous bone in terms of amount of neoformed bone tissue and biomaterial remnants than the pure or mixed Bio Oss.

<p>This study examines the impact of working capital management on cash holdings of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in Sweden. The aim of this work is to theoretically derive significant factors related to working capital management which have an influence on the cash level of SMEs and test these in a large sample of Swedish manufacturing SMEs. The theoretical framework for this study consists of a treatise of motives for holding cash, working capital management and cash level. From these theoretical findings, two hypotheses are deduced:</p><p>• H1: Cash holdings are negatively related to the presence of cash substitutes</p><p>• H2: Cash holdings are positively related to working capital management efficiency</p><p>The quantitative investigation consists of the statistical analysis – namely comparison of means and correlation analysis – of key figures which are calculated from the financial statements of a large sample of firms. The dataset contains 13,287 Swedish manufacturing SMEs of the legal form ‘Aktiebolag’. Both hypotheses are confirmed by the results. Empirical evidence is presented which substantiates the supposition that the presence of cash substitutes – namely inventory and accounts receivable – entails lower cash holdings. Furthermore, it is confirmed that working capital management efficiency – measured by the cash conversion cycle – is positively related to cash level. The discussion of the empirical findings pays regard to the different subordinate components of both cash substitutes and working capital management efficiency. Implications of the detected findings are highlighted with respect to their potential utility for the achievement and maintenance of a firm’s target cash level.</p>