Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lui_jj_dr_jabo.pdf: 909592 bytes, checksum: 9868994b0210fa5ac801ff0d8f87e500 (MD5) / Funep / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar doses de resíduo sólido orgânico urbano no substrato, associado a regimes de irrigação, na formação de mudas de eucalipto. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Câmpus da UNESP, de Jaboticabal, localizado a 21º15’22” de latitude sul, 48º18’58”de longitude oeste. Foram utilizados nove substratos, sendo dois latosolos, um vermelho eutroférrico argiloso e outro vermelho distrófico, seis misturas de latossolos com resíduo sólido orgânico urbano dessecado e triturado, não compostado e, este último, puro. Utilizou-se irrigação com quatro regimes (50%, 75%, 100% e 130% dos valores diários determinados) e a avaliação feita em cinco épocas (15, 29, 41, 53 e 79 dias após a semeadura). Foram avaliadas variáveis biométricas da cultura, variáveis químicas dos substratos e regimes de irrigação. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o Resíduo Sólido Orgânico Urbano (R.S.O.U.) constitui-se fonte de nutrientes para as plantas e material corretivo com atributos químicos semelhantes a adubo mineral e calcário. Para os substratos constituídos com latosolo vermelho eutroférrico argiloso, doses com até 40% de R.S.O.U. não exerceram influência negativa nas plantas. Nos substratos constituídos com latosolo vermelho distrófico, a dosagem máxima para que o R.S.O.U. não influencie na vida das mudas, foi de 20%. Os melhores resultados para as plantas ocorreram o regime de irrigação de 75% do valor diário determinado. A relação C/N foi crescente com o aumento da porcentagem de R.S.O.U. Ao final da pesquisa a maioria dos substratos estavam na faixa entre 1/7,7 a 1/14,7. / The deposition of trash in landfill, controlled landfills, and in its greatest part, in open dumps, pollute the soil and take spaces that could be used for other purposes. In relation to the organic trash, it has been used composted as manure in the agriculture, however, there are many inconveniences caused by this technique, among them contamination, a large used area, the long time of the process and the high cost. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of non composted urban organic solid residue dosages, in the substrate, associated to irrigation ways in the formation of Eucalyptus seedlings. The research was developed at the UNESP Campus, in Jaboticabal - SP, Brazil, located at 21º 15’ 22” South latitude, 48º 18’58” West longitude. Nine substrates were used, two latosols, one red clayey Eutroferric and another dystrophic red , six mixtures of latosols with dried and ground urban organic solid residue, non composted and one with pure residue. The irrigation was based on four levels, (50%, 75%, 100% and 130% of the evapotranspiration daily values). The plants behavior evaluation was done in five ages (15, 29, 41, 53 and 79 days after the sowing). It was evaluated the biometric variables of the culture and chemical variables of the substrates. The obtained results indicated that: the Urban Organic Solid Residue (U.O.S.R.) is a source of nutrients for the plants and corrective material, with chemical attributes similar to mineral manure and limestone. For the substrates constituted by red clayey eutroferric latosol, dosages up to 40% of U.O.S.R. did not have a negative influence on the plants. In the substrates constituted by dystrophic red latosol, the maximum dosage, so that the U.O.S.R. did not influence negatively on the lives of the plants, was 20%. The best results for the plants behavior occurred at the irrigation... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

O maior uso do concreto de alta resistência, o uso de desmoldante e/ou o emprego de fôrmas plastificadas são fatores que cada vez mais contribuem para a superfície do concreto tornar-se lisa e de baixa porosidade superficial. Dessa forma, há prejuízo da absorção capilar que deve existir na camada superficial da base, de modo a permitir a penetração e a ancoragem dos produtos de hidratação da argamassa de revestimento no interior do substrato, garantindo a ancoragem mecânica. Neste sentido, a presente dissertação é resultado de um trabalho experimental realizado para investigar a influência da rugosidade gerada pelos tratamentos superficiais realizados nos substratos de concreto, com ou sem desmoldante, tais como lavagem por hidrojateamento, escovação, lixamento, apicoamento e uso de retardador de pega de superfície, na aderência do revestimento de argamassa. Para atender os objetivos propostos, moldaram-se prismas de concreto em três níveis de resistência fc28 (25 MPa, 35 MPa e 45 MPa), cujas superfícies foram tratadas e preparadas com chapisco convencional, traço 1:3 e chapisco adesivo. A argamassa de revestimento empregada foi industrializada. O programa experimental envolveu primeiramente a caracterização inicial dos materiais utilizados na confecção dos prismas de concreto, bem como das argamassas empregadas. Como caracterização dos substratos tratados, foram realizados ensaios para caracterizar a superfície, quanto à rugosidade e sucção capilar. A rugosidade foi avaliada em duas dimensões, através de perfis, de acordo com parâmetros normalizados, e também em três dimensões, através da superfície específica. Após o tratamento dos substratos, foi feita a aplicação da camada de chapisco, convencional e industrializado, e posteriormente, a aplicação da argamassa de revestimento, em camada única. Por fim, os revestimentos aplicados foram avaliados quanto à resistência de aderência e extensão de aderência. Com os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que o uso do desmoldante prejudica a sucção capilar de substratos de concreto de fc28 igual ou inferior a 35 MPa. Conclui-se também que concretos de fc28 igual a 25 MPa possuem porosidade suficiente para garantir ancoragem mecânica, não necessitando de tratamento superficial, assim como quando se utiliza chapisco industrializado em qualquer concreto. Ao se utilizar chapisco convencional, a resistência de aderência aumenta a medida que se aumenta a rugosidade da superfície. / The widespread use of high resistance concrete , the use of lubricant and the employment of plastic-coated molds are factors that more and more contribute to the flat surface and low porosity of the concrete. Thus, there is damage of the capillary absorption that should exist in the substrate superficial layer, in order to allow the entrance and the anchorage of the hydration products of the coating mortar inside the substrate, guaranteeing the mechanical anchorage. In this way, the present dissertation resulted as experimental work realized to investigate the influence of the rugosity generated by the superficial treatments in the concrete substrate, with or without lubricant, such as wash with high pressure water jetting, brushing, grinding, milling and use of retarder of surface, in the adherence of the coating mortars. To reach the proposed objectives, concrete prisms were molded in three levels of resistance fc28 (25 MPa, 35 MPa and 45MPa), its surfaces were treated and prepared with conventional slurry mortar and adhesive slurry mortar. The coating mortar was industrialized. The experimental program involved the initial characterization of the materials used in concrete and mortars. To characterize the concrete surface tests were realized to characterize the rugosity and sorptivity. The rugosity was evaluated in two dimensions, through profiles, in accordance with parameters normalized, and also in three dimensions, through specific surface. Slurry mortar industrialized and conventional was applied after the substrate treatment, and the covering mortar was applied after in only one layer. Finally, the coverings applied were evaluated on the bond strength and adherence extension. The results obtained showed us that the use of the lubricant damages capillary suction on the concrete substrate 35MPa. Concretes 25MPa possess enough porosity to guarantee mechanical anchorage, not needing superficial treatment, as well when slurry mortar industrialized is used in any concrete. The resistance of adherence increases when the rugosity of the surface increases.

abstract: This work demonstrates a capable reverse pulse deposition methodology to influence gap fill behavior inside microvia along with a uniform deposit in the fine line patterned regions for substrate packaging applications. Interconnect circuitry in IC substrate packages comprises of stacked microvia that varies in depth from 20µm to 100µm with an aspect ratio of 0.5 to 1.5 and fine line patterns defined by photolithography. Photolithography defined pattern regions incorporate a wide variety of feature sizes including large circular pad structures with diameter of 20µm - 200µm, fine traces with varying widths of 3µm - 30µm and additional planar regions to define a IC substrate package. Electrodeposition of copper is performed to establish the desired circuit. Electrodeposition of copper in IC substrate applications holds certain unique challenges in that they require a low cost manufacturing process that enables a void-free gap fill inside the microvia along with uniform deposition of copper on exposed patterned regions. Deposition time scales to establish the desired metal thickness for such packages could range from several minutes to few hours. This work showcases a reverse pulse electrodeposition methodology that achieves void-free gap fill inside the microvia and uniform plating in FLS (Fine Lines and Spaces) regions with significantly higher deposition rates than traditional approaches. In order to achieve this capability, systematic experimental and simulation studies were performed. A strong correlation of independent parameters that govern the electrodeposition process such as bath temperature, reverse pulse plating parameters and the ratio of electrolyte concentrations is shown to the deposition kinetics and deposition uniformity in fine patterned regions and gap fill rate inside the microvia. Additionally, insight into the physics of via fill process is presented with secondary and tertiary current simulation efforts. Such efforts lead to show “smart” control of deposition rate at the top and bottom of via to avoid void formation. Finally, a parametric effect on grain size and the ensuing copper metallurgical characteristics of bulk copper is also shown to enable high reliability substrate packages for the IC packaging industry. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Materials Science and Engineering 2018

abstract: The increase in computing power has simultaneously increased the demand for input/output (I/O) bandwidth. Unfortunately, the speed of I/O and memory interconnects have not kept pace. Thus, processor-based systems are I/O and interconnect limited. The memory aggregated bandwidth is not scaling fast enough to keep up with increasing bandwidth demands. The term "memory wall" has been coined to describe this phenomenon. A new memory bus concept that has the potential to push double data rate (DDR) memory speed to 30 Gbit/s is presented. We propose to map the conventional DDR bus to a microwave link using a multicarrier frequency division multiplexing scheme. The memory bus is formed using a microwave signal carried within a waveguide. We call this approach multicarrier memory channel architecture (MCMCA). In MCMCA, each memory signal is modulated onto an RF carrier using 64-QAM format or higher. The carriers are then routed using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) interconnects. At the receiver, the memory signals are demodulated and then delivered to SDRAM devices. We pioneered the usage of SIW as memory channel interconnects and demonstrated that it alleviates the memory bandwidth bottleneck. We demonstrated SIW performance superiority over conventional transmission line in immunity to cross-talk and electromagnetic interference. We developed a methodology based on design of experiment (DOE) and response surface method techniques that optimizes the design of SIW interconnects and minimizes its performance fluctuations under material and manufacturing variations. Along with using SIW, we implemented a multicarrier architecture which enabled the aggregated DDR bandwidth to reach 30 Gbit/s. We developed an end-to-end system model in Simulink and demonstrated the MCMCA performance for ultra-high throughput memory channel. Experimental characterization of the new channel shows that by using judicious frequency division multiplexing, as few as one SIW interconnect is sufficient to transmit the 64 DDR bits. Overall aggregated bus data rate achieves 240 GBytes/s data transfer with EVM not exceeding 2.26% and phase error of 1.07 degree or less. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2018

abstract: Obesity prevalence is high in the United States, in part due to increased fat storage following consumption of high fat/carbohydrate (sugar) foods. Following a meal, carbohydrate stimulates its own oxidation, while simultaneously suppressing fat oxidation, ultimately leading to fat storage. Aerobic exercise preceding a meal increases fat oxidation in the postprandial period, which may reduce fat storage. The ideal exercise prescription for optimal postprandial fat oxidation is unknown. The effect of low and moderate intensity continuous exercise (MIE) has been studied extensively, while the effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on post-prandial substrate oxidation has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of MIE and HIIE on postprandial substrate oxidation after consumption of an isocaloric meal (2 glazed donuts; 520 kcal) in healthy adults. Ten subjects (8 males, 2 females; age=24yr, BMI=24 kg/m2) completed three conditions in random order: 1) no exercise control; 2) MIE: cycling at 60-75%HRmax; 3) HIIE: cycling at 90-95%HRmax. The duration of each exercise bout was sufficient to expend approximately 520 kcal, the energy equivalent of the donuts, which were consumed 1 hour post-exercise. Immediately after consuming the donuts, pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange were measured breath-by-breath continuously and recorded (min-by-min) for 5 hours. Repeated measures analysis of covariance was used to compare the mean differences in outcome variables accounting for gender. Absolute postprandial fat oxidation (g/5 hours) was 17.3±5.4, 27.1±9.6 and 23±1.2 for control, MIE and HIIE trials respectively, with the postprandial fat oxidation significantly greater for the two exercise conditions compared to control. Relative to baseline values, both exercise conditions resulted in cumulative net postprandial fat oxidation significantly greater than control (control = -1.79±3.99g; MIE = 11.51±8.41g, HIIE= 9.51±5.20g). Therefore, results indicate that exercise most certainly increases postprandial fat oxidation, and that exercise type, either MIE or HIIE, is not as important as total energy expended. The fact that exercise of ~1 hour was required to oxidize the amount of fat in two donuts, that required only a few minutes to consume, highlights the challenges of using exercise for weight control in an obesogenic environment. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2018

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo do efeito do substrato em transistores SOI de camada de silício e óxido enterrado ultrafinos (Ultra Thin Body and Buried Oxide - UTBB). A análise do trabalho foi realizada baseando-se em modelos teóricos, simulações numéricas e medidas experimentais. Experimentalmente pode-se notar que a presença do plano de terra (Ground Plane, GP) abaixo do óxido enterrado elimina e/ou minimiza alguns efeitos indesejados do substrato, tais como a variação do potencial na terceira interface (óxido enterrado/substrato). A densidade de armadilhas de interfaces (Nit) foi um parâmetro importante no ajuste da simulação para se obter curvas de corrente de dreno (IDS) em função da tensão de porta (VGF) e em função da tensão de substrato (VGB) similares às experimentais. As densidades de armadilhas de interface da primeira e da segunda interface foram ajustadas para o valor de 2x1011eV-1cm-2 depois de analisadas as curvas experimentais. Assim, a partir dessas simulações pode-se notar que o modelo usado no simulador era compatível com os resultados experimentais, com erro menor que 10%. Observou-se que o modelo analítico de efeito do substrato proposto por Martino et al. para transistores SOI totalmente depletados com camadas de silício mais espessas (acima de 40 nm) pode ser utilizado para dispositivos UTBB SOI de canal longo (10 m) até a segunda interface (camada de silício/óxido enterrado) entrar em inversão, quando o modelo perde a validade. Utilizando o modelo analítico também foi possível determinar os valores de tensão de substrato máximo (VGBmax) e mínimo (VGBmin), que determinam a tensão que, aplicada no substrato, mudam o estado da terceira interface de inversão para depleção (VGBmin) e de depleção para acumulação (VGBmax). Os valores de VGBmax variaram de 0,57 V à 0,75 V e os de VGBmin de -0,08 V à -3,39 V. O modelo analítico utilizado tem uma concordância ainda maior (menor que 10%) para transistores de canal curto (L=70 nm) em relação ao de canal longo (L=10m), provavelmente devido ao acoplamento eletroestático de fonte/dreno e 6 canal que posterga a formação da camada de inversão da terceira interface, ampliando a faixa de validade do mesmo. Por meio das simulações numéricas também foi possível analisar a concentração de elétrons ao longo do canal do transistor. Observou-se que a condição de polarização da terceira interface (óxido enterrado/substrato) tem grande influência no comportamento da segunda interface (camada de Silício/óxido enterrado) e da primeira (óxido de porta/camada de Silício) nos transistores UTBB SOI. Quando a terceira interface (óxido enterrado/substrato) está em acumulação, a primeira interface possui uma concentração de elétrons menor que a segunda interface, caracterizando assim, uma condução maior pela segunda interface. O simulador também foi utilizado para analisar o potencial interno do transistor ao longo da profundidade. Foram feitas simulações com e sem GP e variando-se a temperatura de operação dos transistores. Foi observado que quanto maior a temperatura de operação, os efeitos do substrato são minimizados devido à diminuição do nível de Fermi. Com a presença do GP a queda de potencial no substrato é praticamente zero enquanto nos dispositivos sem GP variam entre 0,2V e 0,6V. Como nos dispositivos com GP a queda do potencial no substrato é praticamente zero, a queda nos óxidos aumentou em relação aos dispositivos sem GP, podendo causar problemas de confiabilidade. / This work presents a study of the substrate effect on Ultra Thin Body and Buried Oxide (UTBB) SOI transistors. The work analysis was performed based on theoretical models, numerical simulations and experimental measurements. Experimentally, it is possible to notice that the presence of the ground plane implantation (GP) below the buried oxide eliminates and/or minimizes some undesirable effects of the substrate, as the variation of potential drop on third interface (buried oxide/substrate). The interface trap density (Nit) was an important parameter on simulation adjustment to obtain drain current curves as function of front gate bias and back gate bias close to the experimental. The interface trap density of the front and back interface were adjusted to the value of 2x10¹¹ e V-1 cm-2 after the experimental curves were analyzed. So from these simulations, it can be verified that the model used in the simulator was compatible with the experimental results, with error < 10%. It is noted that the analytic model proposed by Martino et al. to analyze the substrate effect for fully depleted SOI transistor with thicker silicon thickness (above 40 nm) is useful for UTBB SOI devices with long channel (L=10 m) until the back interface reach the inversion, when the model is no longer valid. Using the analytic model, it was also possible to determine the values of VGBmax and VGBmin, which represents the back voltage required to change de third interface from inversion to depletion mode (VGBmin), and the depletion to accumulation mode (VGBmax). The value of VGBmax ranged from 0,57 V to 0,75 V and for VGBmin ranged from -0,08 V to -3,39 V. The analytic model has more agreement for short channel (L = 70nm) transistor than the longer one (L = 10m), probably due to the electrostatic coupling between de drain/source and the channel that delays the formation of inversion channel on third interface extending the validity range of the model. By the numerical simulation, it was possible to analyze the electron concentration along the transistor. It was observed that the mode of the third 8 interface influences directly the condition of the back and front interfaces on UTBB SOI transistor. When the third interface is in accumulation mode, the front interface has an electron concentration lower than the back interface, so the current flows mainly on the back interface. This makes the value of the front threshold voltage is less than the analytic model, once the model is valid only if while the back interface is on depletion mode. The numerical simulation was also used to analyze the potential drop on SOI transistor. Simulation was performed with and without GP and varying the temperature. It was observed that for higher temperature, the substrate effect was minimized dur to the decrease of the Fermi level towards the mid-band. With GP, the substrate potential drop is almost zero, while on devices without GP it changes from 0,2 V to 0,6 V For devices with GP the potential, as the drop on substrate is almost zero, the potential drop on front and buried oxide increases, which can causes reliability problems.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:30:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_fg_me_jabo.pdf: 207990 bytes, checksum: 5e3ea22a783169f86c5601397fb83169 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A riqueza de nutrientes presentes nos resíduos orgânicos é fonte alternativa para uso de adubo na agricultura e para a recomposição de matas nativas. Com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de mudas de Pterogyne nitens (amendoim bravo), espécie florestal nativa da mata atlântica, em substratos contendo composto orgânico de lixo e poda de árvore, conduziu-se experimento em ambiente protegido, no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Unesp, Campus de Jaboticabal-SP. As plantas foram dispostas em tubetes distribuídos ao acaso com 8 tratamentos em esquema fatorial 4x2 (4 substratos e 2 níveis de irrigação) com 3 repetições. Os substratos utilizados foram: 80% composto de poda de árvore e 20% composto de lixo; 100% substrato comercial; 100% composto de poda; 80% poda e 20% substrato comercial. A irrigação foi realizada manualmente calculada em níveis de 50% e 100% da evapotranspiração. Foi avaliado o desenvolvimento da planta por meio da altura, diâmetro do caule, número de folíolos e massa seca. Os parâmetros de desenvolvimento das plantas de amendoim bravo foram significativos, no substrato 80% poda de árvore e 20% composto de lixo. Não houve diferença em relação aos níveis de irrigação. Os resíduos orgânicos da poda de árvore e do lixo domiciliar na proporção 80% poda de árvore e 20% composto de lixo apresentaram melhor desempenho que os demais substratos, incluindo o substrato comercial / The richness of nutrients in organic waste is an alternative source of fertilizer for use in agriculture and for restoration of native forests. The use of alternative substrates for the production of seedlings of native species should be studied to achieve higher efficiency and availability of substrate for the farmer, encouraging recovery and environmental sustainability of their property. Aiming to evaluate the performance of seedlings Pterogyne nitens (amendoim bravo), a forest species native to the rainforest, on substrates containing organic compost and pruning the tree, we conducted the experiment in a greenhouse at the Department of Rural Engineering Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP, Jaboticabal - SP. The plants were placed in tubes randomly allocated to four treatments, two irrigation levels in a 4x2 factorial arrangement and three replications. The substrates used were composed of 80% and tree pruning waste compost 20%, 100% commercial substrate, 100% composed of pruning, pruning 80% and 20% commercial substrate. Irrigation was performed manually at 50% and 100% evapotranspiration. Was evaluated through the development of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and dry weight. The development of peanut plants was significantly brave, substrate 80% and 20% of pruning waste compost. No difference in relation to levels of irrigation. We conclude that the conditions under which the experiment was conducted organic waste from tree trimming and garbage at home 4:1 ratio performed better than the other substrates, including the commercial substrate

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:09:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 muraishi_ri_me_jabo.pdf: 172407 bytes, checksum: 09fe9bde72c559512205ec4e2f28c4ee (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A necessidade de se estudar a utilização do resíduo de podas de árvores é de grande importância ambiental para solucionar os problemas de resíduos sólidos gerados nas áreas urbanas junto com os resíduos de lixos domésticos. O estudo deste material foi avaliado com base no desenvolvimento de mudas de ipê-amarelo [Tabebuia Chrysotricha (Mart. ex DC.) standl.] cultivados em diferentes substratos e com 2 tipos de água para irrigação. O experimento foi instalada no setor de plasticultura do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias – UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal. Foram realizados 2 experimentos, avaliados conjuntamente com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, de 8 substratos, 2 qualidades de águas e 4 repetições, totalizando 64 parcelas. Cada parcela foi composta por 30 plantas (5 linhas de 6 plantas), sendo consideradas como úteis, as 3 linhas de 4 plantas centrais da parcela. Para estudar o desenvolvimento das mudas de ipê amarelo, foram avaliadas a altura da parte aérea das plantas (H), diâmetro do colmo (D), matéria seca (MS) e composição química. As características de desenvolvimentos foram avaliadas aos 21, 42, 63 e 84 dias após a emergência das plantas. Da análise dos resultados concluiu-se que os substratos estudados promoveram diferenças significativas para altura média das plantas, diâmetro médio de colmo, acúmulo de matéria seca e teores de nutriente nas folhas em todos os períodos de avaliação. Houve interação positiva entre substrato e água de irrigação, para altura média das plantas e diâmetro médio de colmo aos 42, 63 e 84 dias após emergência e em todos nutrientes foliar. Os substratos 3 (5% composto lixo + 95% composto de poda, 4 (10% composto de lixo +90% composto de poda) e 5 (20% de composto de lixo + 80% composto de poda) e a água residuária apresentaram os melhores resultados no desenvolvimento das mudas de ipê amarelo. / The need to study the use of waste pruning of trees is of great importance to solve the environmental problems of solid waste in the urban areas along with the waste of household waste. The study of these materials was evaluated with the development of seedlings of yellow-ipe [Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart. ex DC.) Sandl.] in mixtures of different substrates and types of water for irrigation. The experiment was installed at the Department of Rural Engineering of de São Paulo University State, Campus of Jaboticabal. Two experiments were conducted, evaluated together with experimental design in randomized blocks of 8 substrates, 2 qualities of water and 4 repetitions, totaling 64 parcels. Each parcel was composed of 30 plants (5 rows of 6 plants) and is regarded as useful, the 3 lines of 4 plants of the central plot. Eight substrates were tested, resulting from the combination of commercial substrate, composed of household waste and composed of pruning of trees with 2 types of irrigation water (clean water and residuary) and 4 repetitions. To observe the development of seedlings of yellow-ipe, were evaluated the height of the shoots of plants, diameter of the stem, dry material and leaf analysis. The characteristics were evaluated at 21, 42, 63 and 84 days after the emergency. The analysis of results allowed to conclude that the substrates studied promoted significant differences in average height of the plants, stem diameter, dry material and leaf analysis in all periods of assessment. The interaction between substrate and water for irrigation were to average height and diameter of the plant stem at 42, 63 and 84 days after emergency and in all of leaf analysis nutrients. The substrates 3, 4 and 5 with residuary water showed the best results in the development of seedlings of yellow-ipe.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2392.pdf: 3583487 bytes, checksum: 29172ebb9bc41d17bbc90c157b1ab484 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-09 / Psidium cattleianum has great potential for animal and human food, for multiple uses of wood and for recovery of degraded areas. Due to its economic importance and to the lack of information on seed germination and conservation, this study aimed to find the morphology of fruits, seeds, seedlings and young plants and to establish the presence or absence of dormancy. Furthermore, studies have been conducted relating to the conservation of seeds, the germination responses under different temperatures, qualities of light and humidity levels of the substrates. All these studies focus to generate knowledge that can help to support conservation projects, management and restoration of altered and/or protected areas. By the results, it was found that seeds and fruits showed had little biometric variation and the greatest variation occured in number of seeds per fruit. The seeds showed tegumentary dormancy, the germination is hypogeal and the seedlings are cryptocotylar. Seeds immersed in water at room temperature in laboratory, proved germination pending quicker 20- 30oC in white light. The seed immersed in sulfuric acid during ten, 20 and 25 minutes, subjected to temperatures of 20-30oC under white light, showed higher germination rate. The placing of the seeds in waterproof packed and stored in natural environment in the laboratory or in a dry chamber, as well as the seeds packed in semi-permeable package and stored in cold chamber, were suitable for the preservation during 1,107 days and this fact, associated with little variation on the moisture content allowed to classify them as orthodoxe ones. The test of electrical conductivity with scarified seeds in the sulfuric acid during 25 minutes was not efficient to evaluate its physiological quality. The highest values of seed germination and speed rate were obtained at the temperature of 20-30oC under white light. Regardless of temperatures, the seeds showed drastic reduction in speed and germination in absence and presence of far red light. The seeds are positive preferential photoblastic. It is assumed that seeds germination is better under light natural conditions. The highest values of seed speed and germination were obtained, under white light regardless of seed age. The highest seed speed and germination were obtained at 20-30oC, under white light in 15 mL of water, as well as 50 grams of sand moistened with six, nine and 12 mL of water. / Psidium cattleianum apresenta grande potencial para alimentação animal e humana, para usos múltiplos da madeira e para recuperação de áreas degradadas. Devido à sua importância econômica e à falta de informações sobre a germinação e conservação das sementes, este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar a morfologia de frutos, sementes, plântulas e planta jovem, e constatar a presença ou ausência de dormência. Além disso, foram realizados estudos referentes à conservação das sementes, respostas da germinação sob diferentes temperaturas, qualidades de luz e níveis de umidade dos substratos. Todas essas pesquisas visaram gerar conhecimentos que podem contribuir para subsidiar projetos de conservação, manejo e revegetação de áreas alteradas e/ou protegidas. Pelos resultados obtidos constatou-se que, as sementes e frutos apresentaram pouca variação biométrica e a maior variação ocorreu no número de sementes por fruto. As sementes apresentaram dormência tegumentar, a germinação é hipogeal e as plântulas são criptocotiledonares. As sementes imersas em água em temperatura ambiente de laboratório, mostraram tendência de germinar mais rapidamente a 20-30oC na presença de luz branca. As sementes imersas em ácido sulfúrico durante dez, 20 e 25 minutos, submetidas à temperatura de 20-30oC sob luz branca, apresentaram maiores valores de germinação. O acondicionamento das sementes em embalagem impermeável e o armazenamento em ambiente natural de laboratório ou em câmara seca, bem como as sementes mantidas em embalagem semipermeável e armazenamento em câmara fria, foram adequados para a conservação das sementes durante 1.107 dias e este fato, associado a pouca variação no teor de água permitiu classificá-las como ortodoxa. O teste de condutividade elétrica, com sementes escarificadas com ácido sulfúrico durante 25 minutos, não foi eficiente para avaliar sua qualidade fisiológica. Os maiores valores de germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação das sementes foram obtidos na temperatura de 20-30oC sob luz branca. Independentemente da temperatura, constatou-se uma redução drástica da velocidade e germinação das sementes na ausência e presença de luz vermelha extrema. As sementes são fotoblásticas positivas preferenciais. Supõe-se que as condições naturais das clareiras favoreçam a germinação das sementes. Os maiores valores de velocidade e germinação foram obtidos sob luz branca, independentemente da idade das sementes. A maior velocidade e germinação das sementes foram obtidos a 20-30oC, sob luz branca, em 15 mL de água, bem como em 50 gramas de areia umedecida com seis, nove e 12 mL de água.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2229897 bytes, checksum: 70eb16f12cce914df8ee78e6c6f6ea23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different times of the year and substrates on the rooting of air layers of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) for the production of seedlings to ensure the formation of uniform and productive orchards. Air layers were done in plants of the Bengal cultivar using leafy and healthy woody branches, with about 1.0 to 1.5 cm in diameter, in which complete girdling were performed with 2.0 cm wide at a distance of 30 to 40 cm below the apex. Then the branches were wrapped in moistened substrate. Air layering was made at six times of the year (January, March, May, July, September and November) and two substrates were used (coconut fiber and sphagnum) in a 6 x 2 factorial design in a randomized block with ten replicates, each block represented by a matrix plant. After 90 days, layers were separated from the matrix plant and evaluated for rooting and callus formation; root number, considering only the primary roots; length, area, volume and diameter of the roots; dry mass of roots and calluses, in addition to the dry mass of shoots (leaves and stems). The months of January, March, September and November showed the best results for allanalyzed variables related to rooting. With respect to the substrates, the only difference was in the months of January and March regarding root number and dry mass of roots, where the sphagnum showed the best results. The month of July was more favorable to the formation of calluses. The period between September and March was more suitable to the propagation of lychee, when there were rooting percentages above 90%, in addition to the formation of large amounts of roots. / Neste estudo, objetivou-se verificar a influência da época do ano e de diferentes substratos no enraizamento de alporques de lichieira (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), visando à produção de mudas que assegurem a formação de pomares uniformes e produtivos. Foram feitos alporques em plantas da cultivar Bengal, utilizando ramos lenhosos bem enfolhados e sadios, com cerca de 1,0 a 1,5 cm de diâmetro, nos quais foram realizados anelamentos completos de 2,0 cm de largura, à distância de 30 a 40 cm abaixo do seu ápice. Em seguida, os ramos foram envoltos por substrato umedecido. Foram avaliadas seis épocas de realização dos alporques (janeiro, março, maio, julho, setembro e novembro) e dois substratos (esfagno e fibra de coco), em um esquema fatorial 6 x 2, no delineamento em blocos casualizados com dez repetições, sendo cada bloco representado por uma planta-matriz. Passados 90 dias, os alporques foram separados da planta-matriz e avaliados quanto à porcentagem de enraizamento e de calejamento; ao número de raízes, considerando apenas as raízes primárias; ao comprimento, à área, ao volume e ao diâmetro das raízes; à massa seca de raízes e calos, além da massa seca da parte aérea (folhas e caule). Os melhores resultados para todas as variáveis relacionadas ao enraizamento analisadas foram verificados nos meses de janeiro, março, setembro e novembro. Com relação aos substratos, houve diferença apenas nos meses de janeiro e março para número de raízes e massa seca de raízes, tendo o esfagno apresentado os melhores resultados. O mês de julho foi mais propício à formação de calos. O período compreendido entre os meses de setembro e março foi o mais propício à propagação da lichieira, quando foram obtidas porcentagens de enraizamento superiores a 90%, além da formação de grande quantidade de raízes.