abstract: Temporary bonding-debonding of flexible plastic substrates to rigid carriers may facilitate effective substrate handling by automated tools for manufacture of flexible microelectronics. The primary challenges in implementing practical temporary bond-debond technology originate from the stress that is developed during high temperature processing predominately through thermal-mechanical property mismatches between carrier, adhesive and substrate. These stresses are relaxed through bowing of the bonded system (substrate-adhesive-carrier), which causes wafer handling problems, or through delamination of substrate from rigid carrier. Another challenge inherent to flexible plastic substrates and linked to stress is their dimensional instability, which may manifest itself in irreversible deformation upon heating and cooling cycles. Dimensional stability is critical to ensure precise registration of different layers during photolithography. The global objective of this work is to determine comprehensive experimental characterization and develop underlying fundamental engineering concept that could enable widespread adoption and scale-up of temporary bonding processing protocols for flexible microelectronics manufacturing. A series of carriers with different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), modulus and thickness were investigated to correlate the thermo-mechanical properties of carrier with deformation behavior of bonded systems. The observed magnitude of system bow scaled with properties of carriers according to well-established Stoney's equation. In addition, rheology of adhesive impacted the deformation of bonded system. In particular, distortion-bowing behavior correlated directly with the relative loss factor of adhesive and flexible plastic substrate. Higher loss factor of adhesive compared to that of substrate allowed the stress to be relaxed with less bow, but led to significantly greater dimensional distortion. Conversely, lower loss factor of adhesive allowed less distortion but led to larger wafer bow. A finite element model using ANSYS was developed to predict the trend in bow-distortion of bonded systems as a function of the viscoelastic properties of adhesive. Inclusion of the viscoelasticity of flexible plastic substrate itself was critical to achieving good agreement between simulation and experiment. Simulation results showed that there is a limited range within which tuning the rheology of adhesive can control the stress-distortion. Therefore, this model can aid in design of new adhesive formulations compatible with different processing requirements of various flexible microelectronics applications. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Chemical Engineering 2011

La méthanisation par voie sèche possède différents avantages par rapport à la méthanisation par voie humide. Les réacteurs sont plus petits, les besoins en eau sont moindres, la production de digestat et le prétraitement nécessaire sont également moins importants. Cependant, plusieurs études ont démontré que l'eau favorise l'hydrolyse du substrat et permet le transport des sous-produits d'hydrolyse et des nutriments vers les bactéries. Pour mieux comprendre le rôle de l'eau lors de la méthanisation, des tests de digestion sèche et semi-sèche à partir de substrats organiques complexes (déchets alimentaires, paille de riz, déchets de carotte), avec différentes teneurs en matière sèche de substrat traité ont été réalisées. Les résultats confirment que l'eau joue un rôle essentiel sur le taux de production spécifique de méthane, le rendement final de méthane généré et la dégradation de la matière volatile sèche (MVS). Le rendement final de méthane produit dans des conditions semi-sèches et sèches est respectivement de 51% et de 59% inférieur avec la paille de riz et 4% et 41% de moins pour les déchets alimentaires en comparaison avec des conditions humides. Des tests d'inhibition basés sur l'analyse des acides gras volatils (AGV) ont été menées pour étudier les processus d'inhibition spécifiques qui ont lieu avec les substrats sélectionnés à différentes teneurs en matière sèche. Pour le cas de la méthanisation par voie humide des déchets de carotte, aucune accumulation d'AGV a été trouvé, et toutes les concentrations d'AGV étaient inférieurs aux seuils d'inhibition. Une corrélation directe entre la teneur en matière sèche et la concentration totale d'AGV (AGVtot) a été mise en évidence pour la paille de riz et les déchets alimentaires. Pour la paille de riz, une concentration d'AGVtot maximale de 2,1 g / kg a été trouvé pour la voie sèche, 1 g / kg dans les conditions semi-sèche et 0,2 g / kg dans les conditions humides, alors que pour les déchets alimentaires la concentration d'AGVtot était de 10 g / kg à l'état sec, 9 g / kg dans les conditions semi-sèche et 3 g / kg dans les conditions humides. Un modèle mathématique de la méthanisation de substrats organiques complexes dans des conditions sèches et semi-sèche a été proposé pour simuler l'effet de la teneur en matière sèche sur le processus. Les données obtenues à partir d'expériences en mode batch, en termes de production de méthane et de concentration d'AGV, ont été utilisées pour calibrer le modèle proposé. Les paramètres cinétiques de production et d'élimination d'AGV ont été calibrés à l'aide des données expérimentales, et il a été montré qu'ils sont fortement dépendants de la teneur en matière sèche et différent des valeurs de la littérature concernant la méthanisation par voie humide. Cela est dû à l'accumulation d'AGV dans les conditions sèches, ce qui implique d'utiliser des valeurs plus élevées concernant les constantes d'inhibition introduites dans le modèle. Enfin, comme la méthanisation par voie sèche a généralement lieu dans des réacteurs à écoulement piston, une étude historique et critique de la littérature concernant la compréhension du rôle de l'hydrodynamique dans des bioréacteurs à écoulement piston a été réalisée / Dry Anaerobic Digestion (AD) presents different advantages if compared to wet AD, i.e. smaller reactor size, lesser water addition, digestate production and pretreatment needed, although several studies have demonstrated that water promotes substrate hydrolysis and enables the transfer of process intermediates and nutrients to bacterial sites. To better understand the role of water on AD, dry and semidry digestion tests of selected complex organic substrates (food waste, rice straw, carrot waste), with various TS contents of the treated biomass have been carried out in the present study. The results confirm that water plays an essential role on the specific methane production rate, final methane yield and Volatile Solids (VS) degradation. The final methane yield in semi-dry and dry conditions was 51% and 59% lower for rice straw and 4% and 41% lower for food waste, respectively, if compared with wet conditions. Inhibition tests, based on Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) analysis, were carried out to investigate the specific inhibition processes that take place with the selected substrates at different TS contents. In wet AD of carrot waste no VFA accumulation was found, and all VFA concentrations were lower than the inhibition limits. A direct correlation between TS content and total VFA (TVFA) concentration was noticed for rice straw and food waste AD. For rice straw a maximum TVFA concentration of 2.1 g/kg was found in dry condition, 1 g/kg in semidry conditions and 0.2 g/kg in wet conditions, whereas for food waste the TVFA concentration was 10 g/kg in dry condition, 9 g/kg in semidry conditions and 3 g/kg in wet conditions. A Mathematical model of complex organic substrate AD in dry and semidry conditions has been proposed to simulate the effect of TS content on the process. The data obtained from batch experiments, in terms of methane production and VFA concentrations, were used to calibrate the proposed model. The kinetic parameters of VFA production and degradation, calibrated using the experimental data, resulted highly dependent on the TS content and different from wet AD literature values. This is due to VFA accumulation in dry conditions, which implies higher values of the inhibition factors introduced in the model. Finally, as dry AD takes usually place in Plug Flow (PF) reactors, an historical and critical review on the role of hydrodynamics in PF bioreactors has been carried out

Computational tools play an important role in the description of biological systems. Scientists describe and study structure, conformational changes and interactions between molecules in silico, often as a cheaper and faster alternative for biosynthesis. The simulated dynamic behavior in time of a molecular system is a straight forward source of information about substrate-enzyme interactions at the atomic level, and a powerful tool for the identification of molecular properties important in enzymatic reactions. Our study is focused on the computational investigation of structure and substrate specificity of hydrolases important in biotransformation. The computational work was performed in close collaboration with biochemists-experimentalists from Charles University and the Microbiological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Hydrolases have great a potential in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of modified carbohydrates with regulated properties. Carbohydrates, as substrates of hydrolases, are important in normal functionality of many organisms. They have a dual role in immune response regulation: some carbohydrates (like GlcNAc and ManNAc) participate in activation and some (like GalNAc) in suppressing immunity; glycosidase deficiency is associated with a number of lysosomal disorders. We used homology modeling, computational docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) methods for the complex study of fungal hydrolases: alpha-galactosidase/alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase from Aspergillus niger; beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases (HEX) (from Aspergillus oryzae and Penicillium oxalicum); nitrilase from Aspergillus niger. Our structural study unambigously demonstrates that the enzyme encoded by genes variant A (aglA) from A. niger is able to accept alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine as its substrate and explains structural features responsible for its specificity. Homology models of HEXs from P. oxalicum and A. oryzae were built and compared. Homology models were used to study the role of protein glycosylation, disulfide bonds, dimer formation and interaction with natural and modified substrates. Model of nitrilase from Aspergillus niger helped to analyze multimer formation.

Resumo : O substrato para plantas exerce grande influência na produção de flores e plantas ornamentais, em especial as de cultivo em vaso, onde há restrição do volume disponível para o crescimento das raízes. O manuseio de substratos, as proporções e tipos de misturas interferem nas suas características físicas e químicas, devendo o produtor conhecer o material a ser utilizado para evitar perdas. A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de substratos com características químicas e físicas diferenciadas, no desenvolvimento, nutrição e produção de cultivares de Gerbera jamesonii produzidas em vaso. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação no DRN/Ciência do Solo da FCA/UNESP no município de Botucatu/SP, de agosto a outubro de 2008. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, empregando o esquema fatorial 5 x 2 (5 substratos e 2 cultivares), em 4 blocos e 12 plantas por parcela. Os substratos foram caracterizados fisicamente quanto à densidade, retenção de água e granulometria, e quimicamente quanto à condutividade elétrica, pH, capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC), macronutrientes e micronutrientes. Foram utilizadas cultivares de gérbera pertencentes a serie 'Dark eyes' da empresa Sakata®, sendo Cherry e Red. Efetuou-se o manejo da condutividade elétrica da solução do substrato, mantendo-a em 2,0 dS m-1 no período vegetativo e 2,5 dS m-1 no período reprodutivo, com o uso do método 'pourthru'. Durante o desenvolvimento da cultura foram avaliados a condutividade elétrica e pH da solução do substrato, o número de folhas, o diâmetro da planta, a área foliar, a fitomassa seca, o teor e acúmulo dos macronutrientes e micronutrientes, o teor de nitrato e potássio na solução do substrato, a razão de área foliar a taxa de crescimento relativo e a taxa de assimilação líquida. Ao final do período vegetativo...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The substrate exerts great influence on the flowers and ornamental plants production, especially those growing in pots, where there is restriction on the volume available for root growth. The handling of substrates, the proportions and types of mixtures interfere in physical and chemical characteristics and the knowledge of the material is important to avoid losses. This research was developed to evaluate the effect of substrates with different chemical and physical characteristics in the development, nutrition and production of Gerbera jamesonii cultivars grown in pots. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse from August to October 2008 at DRN/Soil Science, FCA/UNESP, Botucatu (SP), Brazil. Experimental design was in randomized blocks, in factorial arrangement 5x2 (5 substrates and 2 cultivars), with 4 replicates and 12 plants per plot. The substrates were characterized physically as the bulk density, water retention and granulometry, and chemically on the electrical conductivity, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), macronutrients and micronutrients. Seedling of gerbera cultivars Cherry and Red (Sakata®) of the 'Dark eyes' series were used in the experiment. The levels of electrical conductivity of the substrates were monitored in the solution of root zone of the plants through the extraction of the solution by 'pourthru' method, keeping it at 2.0 dS m-1 in the vegetative period and 2.5 dS m-1 in the reproductive period. During the development of the culture were assessed: electrical conductivity, pH of substrate solution, leaf number, plant diameter, leaf area, dry matter, content and accumulation of macronutrients and micronutrients, nitrate and potassium in the sap and the substrate solution and green intensity leaf, the ratio of leaf area... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes / Coorientador: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas / Banca: Hélio Grassi Filho / Banca: Carmen Silvia Fernandes Boaro / Banca: Ana Maria Conte e Castro / Banca: Simone da Costa Mello / Doutor

Orientador: João Carlos Cury Saad / Banca: João Antonio Galbiatti / Banca: Hélio Grassi Filho / Banca: Reges Eduardo Franco Teodoro / Banca: Sérgio Nascimento Duarte / Resumo: O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de laranja em 4 níveis de irrigação e 5 tipos de substratos. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Santa Cruz, no Município de Monte Azul Paulista no período de novembro de 2003 a outubro de 2004. Foi utilizada uma casa de vegetação comercial, coberta com filme de plástico transparente de 200 æm, cercada lateralmente com a tela de malha de 2mm2, de cor branca e com um pé direito de 3,5 m de altura. As bancadas eram de ferro, ficando a 60 cm de altura do solo. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com parcelas ubdivididas, tendo 4 repetições, sendo que as parcelas correspondem aos 4 níveis de irrigação e as sub-parcelas aos 5 tipos de substratos, com 4 mudas de laranja cada. Os substratos utilizados foram os seguintes: S1 - Golden Mix mistofibra (Amafibra); S2 - Golden Mix (Amafibra); S3 - Rendmax (Eucatex); S4 - Tropstrato (Vida verde); S5 - Plantmax (Terra do paraíso). As lâminas de irrigação foram calculadas com base na tensão de água no substrato: I1 - 10 kPa de tensão de água no substrato; I2 - 20 kPa de tensão de água no substrato; I3 - 40 kpa de tensão de água no substrato; I4 - 80 kPa de tensão de água no substrato. As variáveis avaliadas foram: altura de plantas e diâmetro do caule, tempo gasto para a enxertia, matéria seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, consumo de água pelas plantas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o substrato S2, desde o início do experimento, proporcionou o melhor desenvolvimento das plantas, enquanto as médias dos níveis de irrigação não apresentaram diferenças significativas. O substrato S2 foi o substrato em que as plantas atingiram primeiro o ponto de enxertia, seguido do substrato S1 e depois o substrato S5. Os substratos S3 e S4 não proporcionaram desenvolvimento adequado às plantas para que estas pudessem ser... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: The object of the research was evaluating the development of the orange tree in four irrigation levels and five substrate types. The research was conduced in Santa Cruz Farm, in the Monte Azul Paulista city, during November 2003 to October 2004. It was utilized commercial greenhouse, covered on the top with plastic film of 200um and the lateral with the tela of 2 mm2. A randomized block experiment design split plots, with 4 repetitions, 4 levels of irrigation and 5 types of substrate. The substrate were: S1 - Golden Mix mistofibra; S2 - Golden Mix granulate; S3 - Rendmax; S4 - Tropstrato and S5 - Plantmax. The irrigation levels were based on the time of the irrigation: I1 - 10 kPa of water tension in the substrate; I2 - 20 kPa of water tension in the substrate; I3 - 40 kPa of water tension in the substrate; I4 - 80 kPa of water tension in the substrate. The parameters evaluated were plant height, diameter of plant street, time spended for get graft, dry matter area part and roots part and plant's water requirement. The results shows that since begin of the research, the substrate S2 was better, because the plants in that substrate have a better development. Didn't have difference in irrigation level. The substrate S2 get first the time to graft after was Substrate S1 and the last one was Substrate S5. The substrates S3 and S4 didn't get adequate development to get a graft. The treatment that spent more water was the I2S2. Types of substrate influenced more in the development of the orange tree than the irrigation levels. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T13:29:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AcimoneMSA_DISSERT.pdf: 1000865 bytes, checksum: adc29e87f8d66079920dea1c1b7c4dc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Senegalia tenuifolia species is part of the native vegetation of the northeastern semiarid, belonging to the family of Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) is commonly known as cat's claw, saw throat or Calumbi. The objective of this research was to characterize the seed and germination potential of the species. For the characterization of seed, held biometrics using a random sample of 100 and 10 0 seeds and fruits were evaluated: weight, l ength, width and thickness of fruits and seeds , and the number of seeds pro fruit. Monitoring the imbibition curve with the ends removed and intact seeds were performed in the opposite region to the embryonic axis. Witness, lopping , scarification with sandpaper, soaking fo r 12, 24 and 48 hours hot water: The assessment of seed germination, twelve pre-germination treatments to evaluate seed dormancy and germination rate with the following treatments were evaluated 80°C for 3, 6 and 12 minutes and sulfuric acid for 3, 6 and 12 minutes. The seeds were germinated on paper germitest under BOD chamber. The germination was also assessed to test the effect of substrate temperature on germination resulting from the combination of the substrates on paper, on sand and vermiculite paper roll and under three temperatures: 25°C, 30 °C and 35°C in a factorial 4x3. In biometrics, a descriptive analysis of the data was performed by frequency, maximum and minimum, standard deviation and range. The design for the pre -germination treatments and germination test was used completely randomized design with four replications of 25 seeds each. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and the treatment means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The biometric analyzes showed low variation for both fruits and seeds to. The curve of water uptake by seeds presented triphasic model with stage III occurring in the 21st minute soaking. For pre-germinative seed treatments Calumbi the cutting in the opposite embryonic axis sandpaper and sulfuric acid for 3 minutes, with values of 97, 91 and 88%, respectively region. To calculate the index of germination speed that got the best result was sulfuric acid for 6 minutes with a value of 17.7. A temperature of 25 to 30ºC, regardless of the substrate used, was the most suitable for germination in seeds of Senegalia tenuifolia / A espécie Senegalia tenuifolia faz parte da vegetação nativa do semiárido nordestino, pertencente à família das Fabaceae (mimosoideae) é vulgarmente conhecida como unha de gato, serra goela ou calumbí. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar as sementes e o potencial germinativo da espécie. Para a caracterização física das sementes, realizou-se a biometria utilizando uma amostra aleatória de 100 frutos e 100 sementes e foram avaliados: peso, comprimento, largura e espessura de frutos e sementes, além do número de sementes por fruto. Foi realizado o monitoramento da curva de embebição com sementes intactas e despontadas na região oposta ao eixo embrionário. Para avaliação do potencial germinativo das sementes, foram utilizados doze tratamentos pré-germinativos para avaliar a dormência das sementes e velocidade de germinação com os seguintes tratamentos: testemunha, desponte, escarificação com lixa, embebição por 12, 24 e 48 horas, água quente a 80ºC por 3, 6 e 12 minutos e ácido sulfúrico por 3,6 e 12 minutos. As sementes foram colocadas para germinar em papel germitest em câmara B.O.D a temperatura de 30ºC. O processo germinativo também foi avaliado para testar o efeito da temperatura e substrato na germinação resultante da combinação de quatro substratos: sobre papel, sobre areia, rolo de papel e vermiculita e sob três temperaturas: 25°C, 30°C e 35°C, em esquema fatorial 4x3. Na biometria foi realiz ado a análise descritiva dos dados através da freqüência, máxima e mínima, desvio padrão e amplitude. O delineamento para os tratamentos pré-germinativos e teste de germinação foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 25 sementes cada. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. As análises biométricas apresentaram baixa variação tanto para frutos como para as sementes. A curva de absorção de água nas sementes despontadas apresentou modelo trifásico com a fase III ocorrendo a 21 hora de embebição. Para os tratamentos pré-germinativos em sementes de calumbi o desponte na região oposta ao eixo embrionário, lixa e ácido sulfúrico por 3 minutos, apresentando valores de 97; 91 e 88%, respectivamente. Para o cálculo de índice de velocidade de germinação o que obteve melhor resultado foi o ácido sulfúrico por 6 minutos com valor de 17,7. As temperaturas de 25 e 30ºC, independente do substrato utilizado, foram as mais adequadas para teste de germinação em sementes de Senegalia tenuifolia

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2016-11-14T13:34:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ChristianoRC_TESE.pdf: 1646596 bytes, checksum: 2f8abd9985bba25a39b2334e5033263d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-01-24T14:32:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ChristianoRC_TESE.pdf: 1646596 bytes, checksum: 2f8abd9985bba25a39b2334e5033263d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-01-31T13:39:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ChristianoRC_TESE.pdf: 1646596 bytes, checksum: 2f8abd9985bba25a39b2334e5033263d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T14:54:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ChristianoRC_TESE.pdf: 1646596 bytes, checksum: 2f8abd9985bba25a39b2334e5033263d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-02 / In recent years it has increased the cultivation of net melons of Galia type, which present an enhanced visual appearance and great flavor. With the advancement of cultivation techniques, coupled with increasing demand for quality vegetables all year round, It has invested in farming alternatives, such as hydroponics which is a technology for growing plants in nutrient solution, with or without the use of substrate, in a protected environment, allowing the planting of the same species all year, and more efficient use of water and fertilizers. However, information on the nutrient solutions are still widespread, with the need for studies adapted to local conditions and the wide range of existing cultivars. The objective of this work was to study the behavior of Galia melon (Hybrid ‘Babilônia RZ F1) grown in coconut fiber and irrigated with nutrient solutions of different concentratations. The design was a randomized blocks, with five replications and five treatments, which correspond to different macronutrients in the nutrient solution, based on the recommended solution for Furlani et al. (1999), which was considered 100% concentration (C1). Getting other treatments so determined: C2=75%; C3=50%; C4=25% e C5=12,5%. From 15 days after transplanting , the analyzes of growth and nutrient absorption were performed by collecting plants from each plot , in periods of 15, 30 , 45 and 60 days after transplanting. The concentration C3 (50%) provided higher dry matter production of shoots as well as leaf area for the muskmelon. The shoot absolute growth rate showed different trends for concentrations, however C3 (50%) concentration showed the best results. The relative growth rate of shoot and the net assimilation of shoot rate tended to decrease with time for all concentrations. The nutrient uptake by following order, K > N > P, independely of the concentration of the nutrient solution, however, the concentration of C1 (100%) showed the highest levels of N, P and K in the leaves. Considering the productivity, the highest yield was obtained at a concentration of 47% of macronutrients in the nutrient solution / Nos últimos anos vem crescendo o cultivo dos melões rendilhados do tipo Gália, que apresentam um sabor realçado e ótimo aspecto visual. Com o avanço das técnicas de cultivo, associadas a crescente exigência por hortaliças de qualidade durante todo o ano, tem-se investido em alternativas de cultivo, dente estas, o cultivo hidropônico que é uma tecnologia para o cultivo de plantas em solução nutritiva, com ou sem o uso de substrato em ambiente protegido, o que permite o plantio da mesma espécie o ano todo, e com maior eficiência do uso de água e fertilizantes. Porém, as informações sobre as soluções nutritivas ainda são muito generalizadas, havendo a necessidade de estudos adaptados às condições locais e a grande variedade de cultivares existente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o comportamento do melão (Cucumis melo L., tipo Gália, híbrido Babilônia RZ F1), cultivado em fibra de coco e irrigado com soluções nutritivas de diferentes concentrações. O delineamento foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições e cinco tratamentos, que corresponderam a diferentes macronutrientes na solução nutritiva, tomando como base a solução recomendada por Furlani et al. (1999), que foi considerada a concentração de 100% (C1). Ficando os demais tratamentos assim determinados: C2=75%; C3=50%; C4=25% e C5=12,5%. A partir dos 15 dias após o transplantio, foram realizadas as análises de crescimento e absorção de nutrientes, através da coleta de plantas de cada parcela, nos períodos de 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após o transplantio. A concentração C3 (50%) proporcionou maior produção de matéria seca da parte aérea, como também de área foliar para o meloeiro. A taxa de crescimento absoluto da parte aérea apresentou diferentes tendências para as concentrações, sendo que a concentração C3 (50%) apresentou os melhores resultados. A taxa de crescimento relativo da parte aérea e a taxa de assimilação líquida da parte aérea tenderam a diminuir com tempo para todas as concentrações. A absorção foliar dos nutrientes no meloeiro seguiu ordem, K > N > P, independentemente da concentração da solução nutritiva, sendo que a concentração C1 (100%) apresentou os maiores teores de N, P e K nas folhas do meloeiro. Considerando a produtividade, o maior rendimento foi obtido na concentração de 47% de macronutrientes na solução nutritiva / 2016-11-10

Submitted by Nivaldo Melo (nivaldo.melo@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-10-11T15:59:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) nykolas_carvalho_schiavon.pdf: 680531 bytes, checksum: 657731b79e9a7d7463b7f606d0966018 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-10-11T19:34:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) nykolas_carvalho_schiavon.pdf: 680531 bytes, checksum: 657731b79e9a7d7463b7f606d0966018 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T19:34:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) nykolas_carvalho_schiavon.pdf: 680531 bytes, checksum: 657731b79e9a7d7463b7f606d0966018 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / A adi??o de ?cido c?trico ao substrato pode influenciar a disponibilidade de f?sforo para as plantas de caf? e possibilitar melhor crescimento e nutri??o. Al?m disso, o crescimento e a nutri??o possivelmente sofrer?o influencia da cultivar e do parcelamento de dose do ?cido c?trico. Por isso, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento e ac?mulo de nutrientes por mudas de caf? (Coffea arabicaL.) de tr?s cultivares: Catua? Vermelho IAC 99, Mundo Novo IAC 379- 19 e Oeiras MG 6851, em substrato tratado com ?cido c?trico e diferentes doses de P2O5. Buscou-se tamb?m verificar o efeito do parcelamento do ?cido c?trico no crescimento e ac?mulo de nutrientes, pelas mudas. Foram instalados dois experimentos, delineados em cinco blocos e esquema fatorial. No primeiro, foram avaliadas as tr?s cultuvares de caf? e quatro doses de P2O5 (0, 450, 900 e 1.800 g m-3) em solo tratato com ?cido c?trico anidro (0,5 mg dm3). No segundo experimento, os fatores foram compostos pelas quatro doses de P2O5 e a dosagem de ?cido c?trico dividida em quatro parcelamentos. As plantas foram submetidas aos tratamentos a partir da emiss?o das primeiras folhas cotiledonares as avalia??es ocorreram ap?s 180 dias (no primeiro experimento) e ap?s 120 dias (no segundo experimento). Foram avaliadas vari?veis de crescimento, ac?mulo de mat?ria seca e nutrientes pelas plantas de caf?. Como resultados verificou-se que as doses de P2O5, em substrato tratado com ?cido c?trico, influenciaram o crescimento das mudas de caf? das cultivares estudadas. O maior crescimento, ac?mulo de biomassa e ac?mulo m?ximo de nutrientes foram na dose de 900 g m-3 de P2O5. Com rela??o ao parcelamento do ?cido c?trico, foi observado melhor crescimento de mudas de caf? quando a dosagem foi parcelada em tr?s e quatro vezes. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015. / The addition of citric acid to the substrate can influence the availability of phosphorus for plants and coffee allow better growth and nutrition. Additionally, the growth and nutrition possibly suffer influence of genotype and citric acid dose installment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the growth and accumulation of nutrients in coffee seedlings (Coffea arabicaL.) Of three cultivars Catua? Vermelho IAC 99, Mundo Novo IAC 379-19 and Oeiras MG 6851, in substrate treated with citric acid and different of P2O5. It also sought to determine the effect of citric acid installment in the growth and accumulation of nutrients by the plants. Two experiments, outlined in five blocks and a factorial design were installed. At first, they evaluated the three coffee cultuvares P2O5 four doses (0, 450, 900 and 1800 g m-3) tratato soil with anhydrous citric acid (0,5 mg dm-3). In the second experiment, the factors were composed by four doses of P2O5 and citric acid dosage divided into four installments. The plants were subjected to treatment from the issuance of the first cotyledon leaves the evaluations occurred after 180 days (the first experiment) and 120 days (the second experiment). Growth variables were evaluated, dry matter accumulation and nutrients by coffee plants. As a result it was found that doses of P2O5, substrate treated with citric acid, influenced the growth of coffee seedlings of cultivars. The greatest growth, biomass accumulation and maximum nutrient accumulation were at a dose of 900 g m-3 of P2O5. Regarding the installment of citric acid, better growth of coffee seedlings was observed when the dosage was split into three four times.

Support and investment´s subsidies of production of electricity from renewable sources after 2009 made a phenomenon from a biogas plants. This thesis specifies the most used feedstock for biogas production in the Czech Republic. Each substrate used in biogas plants, have different chemical composition, dry matter content, thus providing another volume of biogas. Specifications of elections of substrate, was made on the based on consultations with the operators of agricultural biogas plants. Stabilized anaerobic process increases the production of biogas and supports economic situation of farms.

O maior uso do concreto de alta resistência, o uso de desmoldante e/ou o emprego de fôrmas plastificadas são fatores que cada vez mais contribuem para a superfície do concreto tornar-se lisa e de baixa porosidade superficial. Dessa forma, há prejuízo da absorção capilar que deve existir na camada superficial da base, de modo a permitir a penetração e a ancoragem dos produtos de hidratação da argamassa de revestimento no interior do substrato, garantindo a ancoragem mecânica. Neste sentido, a presente dissertação é resultado de um trabalho experimental realizado para investigar a influência da rugosidade gerada pelos tratamentos superficiais realizados nos substratos de concreto, com ou sem desmoldante, tais como lavagem por hidrojateamento, escovação, lixamento, apicoamento e uso de retardador de pega de superfície, na aderência do revestimento de argamassa. Para atender os objetivos propostos, moldaram-se prismas de concreto em três níveis de resistência fc28 (25 MPa, 35 MPa e 45 MPa), cujas superfícies foram tratadas e preparadas com chapisco convencional, traço 1:3 e chapisco adesivo. A argamassa de revestimento empregada foi industrializada. O programa experimental envolveu primeiramente a caracterização inicial dos materiais utilizados na confecção dos prismas de concreto, bem como das argamassas empregadas. Como caracterização dos substratos tratados, foram realizados ensaios para caracterizar a superfície, quanto à rugosidade e sucção capilar. A rugosidade foi avaliada em duas dimensões, através de perfis, de acordo com parâmetros normalizados, e também em três dimensões, através da superfície específica. Após o tratamento dos substratos, foi feita a aplicação da camada de chapisco, convencional e industrializado, e posteriormente, a aplicação da argamassa de revestimento, em camada única. Por fim, os revestimentos aplicados foram avaliados quanto à resistência de aderência e extensão de aderência. Com os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que o uso do desmoldante prejudica a sucção capilar de substratos de concreto de fc28 igual ou inferior a 35 MPa. Conclui-se também que concretos de fc28 igual a 25 MPa possuem porosidade suficiente para garantir ancoragem mecânica, não necessitando de tratamento superficial, assim como quando se utiliza chapisco industrializado em qualquer concreto. Ao se utilizar chapisco convencional, a resistência de aderência aumenta a medida que se aumenta a rugosidade da superfície. / The widespread use of high resistance concrete , the use of lubricant and the employment of plastic-coated molds are factors that more and more contribute to the flat surface and low porosity of the concrete. Thus, there is damage of the capillary absorption that should exist in the substrate superficial layer, in order to allow the entrance and the anchorage of the hydration products of the coating mortar inside the substrate, guaranteeing the mechanical anchorage. In this way, the present dissertation resulted as experimental work realized to investigate the influence of the rugosity generated by the superficial treatments in the concrete substrate, with or without lubricant, such as wash with high pressure water jetting, brushing, grinding, milling and use of retarder of surface, in the adherence of the coating mortars. To reach the proposed objectives, concrete prisms were molded in three levels of resistance fc28 (25 MPa, 35 MPa and 45MPa), its surfaces were treated and prepared with conventional slurry mortar and adhesive slurry mortar. The coating mortar was industrialized. The experimental program involved the initial characterization of the materials used in concrete and mortars. To characterize the concrete surface tests were realized to characterize the rugosity and sorptivity. The rugosity was evaluated in two dimensions, through profiles, in accordance with parameters normalized, and also in three dimensions, through specific surface. Slurry mortar industrialized and conventional was applied after the substrate treatment, and the covering mortar was applied after in only one layer. Finally, the coverings applied were evaluated on the bond strength and adherence extension. The results obtained showed us that the use of the lubricant damages capillary suction on the concrete substrate 35MPa. Concretes 25MPa possess enough porosity to guarantee mechanical anchorage, not needing superficial treatment, as well when slurry mortar industrialized is used in any concrete. The resistance of adherence increases when the rugosity of the surface increases.