Visual analytics of large amounts of spatio-temporal data is challenging due to the overlap and clutter from movements of multiple objects. A common approach for analyzing such data is to consider how groups of items cluster and move together in space and time. However, most methods for showing Spatio-temporal Cluster (STC) properties, concentrate on a few dimensions of the cluster (e.g. the cluster movement direction or cluster density) and many other properties are not represented. Furthermore, while representing multiple attributes of clusters in a single view existing methods fail to preserve the original shape of the cluster or distort the actual spatial covering of the dataset. In this thesis, I propose a simple yet effective visualization, FlockViz, for showing multiple STC data dimensions in a single view by preserving the original cluster shape. To evaluate this method I develop a framework for categorizing the wide range of tasks involved in analyzing STCs. I conclude this work through a controlled user study comparing the performance of FlockViz with alternative visualization techniques that aid with cluster-based analytic tasks. Finally the exploration capability of FlockViz is demonstrated in some real life data sets such as fish movement, caribou movement, eagle migration, and hurricane movement. The results of the user studies and use cases confirm the advantage and novelty of the novel FlockViz design for visual analytic tasks.

Le gène suppresseur de tumeurs TP53 exprime plusieurs isoformes, dont Δ40p53 (perte du domaine de transactivation) et Δ133p53 (perte du domaine de transactivation et d’une partie du domaine de liaison à l’ADN). Ces isoformes inhibent l’activité suppressive de p53 et seraient sur-exprimées dans les cancers (sein et mélanome). Dans les cancers faiblement associés à une mutation TP53, ces isoformes seraient de bons candidats pour inactiver p53. Il convient de comprendre les mécanismes transcriptionnels qui régulent leurs expressions. Δ133p53 est produite par un promoteur alternatif P3 localisé dans TP53. Nous avons montré que Δ133p53 est un gène cible de p53, qui transactive le promoteur P3 par fixation sur un élément de réponse présent dans l’exon 4. L’expression de Δ133p53 est corrélée à celle d’autres gènes cibles de p53 en réponse à un stress génotoxique. De plus, elle réprime la suppression de la prolifération induite par p53 en inhibant ses capacités de liaison à l’ADN. Δ40p53 est produite par épissage alternatif, dont la rétention de l’intron 2 favorise sa traduction et empêche celle de p53. Nous avons montré que des structures de type G-quadruplexes présentes dans l’intron 3 régulent l’exclusion de l’intron 2. Ces structures comprennent le polymorphisme TP53PIN3 (duplication de 16pb), qui change leur localisation et affecte l’expression des ARNm codant p53 et Δ40p53. De plus, nous avons montré que ce polymorphisme est associé à une accélération de la cancérogenèse dans le syndrome Li-Fraumeni, caractérisé par la présence d’une mutation germinale TP53 (effet modificateur: 19 ans de différence à l’âge moyen du premier diagnostique entre les deux variants). L’expression des isoformes de p53 dépend de mécanismes transcriptionnels différents, indiquant des rôles différents dans la modulation des fonctions suppressives de p53. En plus d’inactiver p53 dans les cancers, ces isoformes pourraient être à l’origine des effets modificateurs des polymorphismes de TP53 sur les mutants p53. / The TP53 tumour suppressor gene expresses several isoforms, of which Δ40p53 (lack of transactivation domain) and Δ133p53 (lack of both transactivation and part of DNA-binding domains). These isoforms inhibit p53 suppressive activity and have been shown to be over-expressed in cancers (breat and melanoma). In cancers associated with low TP53 mutation rate, these isoforms could be great candidates to inactivate p53. It seems important to understand the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate their expression. Δ133p53 is produced by an alternative P3 promoter within TP53. We showed that Δ133p53 is a p53 target gene. p53 transactivates the P3 promoter and interact with a response element within exon 4. Δ133p53 expression is correlated to other p53 target genes in response to genotoxic stress. In addition, Δ133p53 inhibits p53-dependent suppression of proliferation by inhibiting p53 DNA-binding activity. Δ40p53 is produced by alternative splicing: retention of intron 2 favours its translation while it avoid the one of p53. We showed that G-quadruplex structures are formed in intron 3 and regulate retention of intron 2. The TP53PIN3 polymorphism (16 bp duplication) is embedded within these structures and affects their locations leading to variation of mRNA expression of p53 and Δ40p53. In addition, we showed that this polymorphism is associated with acceleration of carcinogenesis in Li-Fraumeni syndrome, characterized by germline TP53 mutation (genetic modifier effect: difference of 19 years in mean age at first diagnosis of cancer between the two variants). The expression of p53 isoforms depends on different transcriptional mechanisms, suggesting different roles in the modulation of p53 suppressive functions. In addition to inactivate p53 in cancers, these isoforms could be the mediators of modifier effects observed for TP53 polymorphisms on mutant p53.

This study focuses on three young women in their final year of school using data gathered during a year-long process of individual conversational interviews, the contents of which were largely determined by their interests. Three themes arise from critical incidents during this year - the debutante ball, teenage pregnancy and dieting. These themes are used to focus wide ranging explorations of what it is to be a young woman at this particular time. The broader cultural production of discursive positions available to, and developed by, these young women as part of their identity formation is discussed. Methodological issues concerning power relationships between research participants are also the focus of critical attention. It is considered that young women's bodies and bodily practices are central to understanding the processes involved in their identity formation. It is in this context that the focus turns to bodies that matter. In contemporary Western cultures 'adolescent bodies' could be said to matter 'too much' in the sense that they are increasingly the focus for disciplinary practices in institutions such as schooling, the church, the family, health care, health promotion and the media. This disciplining is legitimised because adolescence is socially constructed as a 'becoming'. In this case it is a matter of 'becoming woman'; a sort of apprenticeship which allows for knowledgeable others to provide not only guidance and nurturance, but discipline. Using insights gained from feminist poststructuralist theory and cultural feminism this thesis argues that the discourses and practices generated within and across institutions, which are normalised by their institutional base, are gender differentiated. The focus is on young women's embodied subjectivity and how the discourses and practices they engage with and in work to construct an ideal feminine body-subject. The discursive production of a gendered identity has a considerable impact on young women's health and their health-related behaviours. This is explored specifically in the thesis in relation to sexuality and the cultural production of the 'ideal' female body. It is argued that health education and health promotion strategies which are designed to influence young women's health related behaviours, need to consider the forms of power, knowledge and desire produced through young women's active engagement with institutionalised discourses of identity if they are to have an ongoing impact

<p>Our work is based on a mathematics test which the students accomplished, interviews with student and teachers who are working on this program and the current literatures. The purposes of this work are to search the importance and the effect of the languages understanding in students learning of mathematic in the Individual high school curriculum. In total, sex students and three teachers took part in our study. Tow of the students is mother tongue language student and the remains are second language student. Our study should answer tow important questions:</p><p>• Do the student in the Individual high school curriculum have the fundamental knowledge in mathematic?</p><p><em><strong></strong></em></p><p>• How does the understanding of Swedish language effect in the understanding of the mathematic problems and in the students results in mathematic test?</p><p><em><strong></strong></em></p><p>In order to answer those questions, the students have to complete a mathematic test that consists of four parts. To answer the first questions the student must finish the first three parts of the test. It is about how to calculate addition, subtraction, multiplication and divisions problems and to account number in decimal and break shape. The mother tongue language student passed the test with excellence degree and they refused doing the fourth part. It was voluntary to participate and for this we couldn’t change there mind. Two students didn’t pass this test and they can not complete the fourth part. From the interviews we know that they have problem with concentration, they have ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder) and DAMP. For this they didn’t participate in the forth part. </p><p>Just two students finished the fourth part and they passed it with good degree. To analyse the difference in the test results between the students, we make some interviews with teachers and students in the IV program. From the final results of the test and interviews, we realized that the second language students’ difficulties are depended on the defect in the vocabulary in Swedish language, defect in understanding of concepts and expressions and some others factors which can effect in students learning.</p>

Our work is based on a mathematics test which the students accomplished, interviews with student and teachers who are working on this program and the current literatures. The purposes of this work are to search the importance and the effect of the languages understanding in students learning of mathematic in the Individual high school curriculum. In total, sex students and three teachers took part in our study. Tow of the students is mother tongue language student and the remains are second language student. Our study should answer tow important questions: • Do the student in the Individual high school curriculum have the fundamental knowledge in mathematic? • How does the understanding of Swedish language effect in the understanding of the mathematic problems and in the students results in mathematic test? In order to answer those questions, the students have to complete a mathematic test that consists of four parts. To answer the first questions the student must finish the first three parts of the test. It is about how to calculate addition, subtraction, multiplication and divisions problems and to account number in decimal and break shape. The mother tongue language student passed the test with excellence degree and they refused doing the fourth part. It was voluntary to participate and for this we couldn’t change there mind. Two students didn’t pass this test and they can not complete the fourth part. From the interviews we know that they have problem with concentration, they have ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder) and DAMP. For this they didn’t participate in the forth part.  Just two students finished the fourth part and they passed it with good degree. To analyse the difference in the test results between the students, we make some interviews with teachers and students in the IV program. From the final results of the test and interviews, we realized that the second language students’ difficulties are depended on the defect in the vocabulary in Swedish language, defect in understanding of concepts and expressions and some others factors which can effect in students learning.

The thesis is focused on the game in the Waldorf kindergarten, Nerudova 53, České Budějovice. In the theoretical part I deal with the characteristics of Waldorf early childhood education by Rudolf Steiner, I am engaged in the general educational program, in key competencies and in to the game and its definition and characteristics. The practical part is composed of a collection of the games and analysis of their key competencies from the point of view of developing child skills.

The thesis deals with problems of choirs in Jihlava city. There are two parts. The first one encompass history of choral singing and music in Jihlava including master singing, Jihlava´s music after 30-year war and the history of the city itself. The second part contains music festivals such as MAHLER JIHLAVA, The Choir Festival and the present-date choirs which organize performances for the public. This part reveals questions given to Jihlava´s choirmasters, concerning their choirs and festivals, particularly The Choir Festival which is the one of the most prestige national festival and which mingles with the present-day choirs in part. The main aim of the thesis is to find out the influence of The Choir Festival on the choral life in Jihlava.

Svou diplomovou práci jsem zpracovala na dvě části. V první části jsem se zabývala základními pojmy jako motivace, ovlivňováním, adaptace, vedení, řízení lidských zdrojů, hodnocení. V druhé části diplové práce je popsána situace společnosti BRVZ s.r.o. Jako prostředek jsem zvolila zaměstnanecký dotazník.

La nutrition périnatale conditionne durablement les fonctions physiologiques, avec des conséquences sur la susceptibilité à développer des maladies métaboliques à l’âge adulte. Le microbiote représente un des acteurs de cette empreinte nutritionnelle. L’objectif est de déterminer chez le porc l’impact d’une supplémentation périnatale en fructo-oligosaccharides à courte chaîne (scFOS) sur le développement des fonctions immunitaires et endocrines intestinales et les conséquences sur la santé métabolique de l’adulte en situation de déséquilibre nutritionnel.La supplémentation maternelle en scFOS, en modifiant le microbiote de la mère et de la descendance et la qualité du lait, accélère la maturation du système immunitaire intestinal des porcelets allaités.La fenêtre d’exposition (maternelle vs post-sevrage) conditionne la nature des modifications immunes induites par les scFOS. La supplémentation périnatale en scFOS modifie la réponse métabolique de l’adulte à un régime déséquilibré en stimulant la fonction endocrine intestinale et la sensibilité du pancréas au glucose, en réduisant les risques d’inflammation, et en modifiant l’homéostasie métabolique, associé à des modulations du microbiote.En résumé, la consommation périnatale de prébiotiques programme le phénotype métabolique et immunitaire de l’adulte via des modulations persistantes du microbiote. L'approche intégrée des données a permis d’identifier des acteurs moléculaires impliqués dans l’adaptation différentielle des individus à un régime déséquilibré en fonction de leur alimentation périnatale. / Perinatal scFOS supplementation modifies metabolic response to an unbalanced diet in adults by stimulating intestinal endocrine function and pancreas sensitivity to glucose, by reducing risks of inflammation, and in fine by changing metabolic homeostasis in association with modifications of microbiota.In summary, prebiotic consumption during perinatal life programs the immune and metabolic phenotype of adults through persistent modulations of intestinal microbiota. The integrated approach of data enables us to identify molecular actors involved in the differential adaptation of individuals to an unbalanced diet according to their perinatal nutrition.

Esta tese tem como objetivo investigar os limites constitucionais ao emprego de normas tributárias extrafiscais, contribuindo, de maneira original, com o desenvolvimento de métodos que possibilitem que estes instrumentos sejam controlados de modo mais preciso pelo Poder Judiciário. Para a consecução deste objetivo central, trabalhou-se a partir de quatro blocos de investigação. Primeiro, a pesquisa centrou-se em discutir a importância de segregação das normas tributárias entre fiscais e extrafiscais, analisando as diversas propostas de métodos para a separação entre estas. Ao final, a tese sugere que as normas tributárias extrafiscais devem ser identificadas a partir das suas finalidades, conforme venha a ser interpretado pelo aplicador da norma. Superada a questão, passa-se à investigação dos fundamentos constitucionais que legitimam o emprego das normas tributárias extrafiscais, quando se debate em que sentido normativo se pode falar em neutralidade tributária. Em um terceiro módulo de investigação, as normas tributárias extrafiscais são contrapostas às limitações constitucionais ao poder de tributar, ao conflito entre competência regulatória e competência tributária, ao conceito constitucional de tributo, bem como aos limites ínsitos às espécies tributárias previstas pela Constituição Federal. Por fim, apresenta-se um modelo de protocolo decisório que pode ser utilizado para fins de controlabilidade das normas tributárias extrafiscais pelo Poder Judiciário, colocando-se em destaque os princípios da igualdade e da proporcionalidade. / The main goal of this thesis is to investigate the constitutional limits on the use of non-fiscal purpose tax laws, contributing, with originality, to the development of methods that allow a more precise control of these instruments by the Judiciary Branch. To achieve such goal, the thesis was divided into four parts. The first part focuses in discussing the importance of segregation of tax laws in two groups: fiscal and non-fiscal, and analyzes the numerous methods proposed for such classification. The thesis suggests that non-fiscal purpose tax laws must be identified by their purpose, as interpreted by those responsible for applying the law. The second part investigates the constitutional basis that legitimates the use of non-fiscal purpose tax laws and discusses to what normative extent one can speak of tax neutrality. In the third part, the non-fiscal purpose tax laws are compared to the constitutional limits on taxation, to the conflict between regulatory competence and fiscal competence, to the constitutional concept of tax, as well as to the limits involving the tax species provided by the Federal Constitution. Finally, a model of decision making protocol is presented for use a mean of control by the Judiciary Branch of the non-fiscal purpose tax, highlighting the principles of equality and proportionality.