Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate found in high concentrations in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli. Sulforaphane has received much attention due to the evidence that it inhibits phase I carcinogen-bioactivating enzymes and/or induces phase II antioxidant enzymes as well as metallothioneins (MTs) (Perocco et al., 2006; Clarke et al., 2008; Yeh & Yen, 2009). Since MTs and antioxidant enzymes are involved in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the question was raised whether sulforaphane can provide protection against increased oxidative stress and if sulforaphane exposure of a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, like HepaRG cells, will have a negative impact on phase I and II biotransformation in these cells. Oxidative stress was exogenously induced in HepaRG cells with tert- Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). Phase I and phase II biotransformation pathways were assessed with caffeine, paracetamol, aspirin, sodium benzoate, and paraaminobenzoic acid, respectively, as probe substances. Through the use of a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) assay, the biotransformation of caffeine in phase I and the formation of paracetamol, aspirin, sodium benzoate and para-aminobenzoic acid conjugates in phase II were investigated. This involved elucidating the time it took for the whole probe to be completely biotransformed during phase I biotransformation and the unique conjugates formed during phase II biotransformation in HepaRG cells. The optimal t-BHP concentration and exposure time in HepaRG cells were standardized with a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. LC-ESI-MS/MS assays to monitor phase I and phase II biotransformation were optimized and validated. The optimal sulforaphane concentration and exposure time in HepaRG cells were standardized with a MTT assay. To evaluate the possible protective effect of sulforaphane against oxidative stress, HepaRG cells were pre-incubated with sulforaphane followed by the induction of oxidative stress with t-BHP and the quantification of the amount of viable cells with a MTT assay. To investigate the effect of sulforaphane on phase I and phase II biotransformation pathways, HepaRG cells were first pre-incubated with sulforaphane followed by the addition of a specific probe substance and the assessment of the biotransformation of the probe with a LC-ESI-MS/MS assay. The results partially supported the hypothesis of the study that sulforaphane will protect HepaRG cells against oxidative stress without negatively influencing phase I and phase II biotransformation. The results indicated that sulforaphane provided partial protection against t-BHP induced oxidative stress and had no effect on phase II paracetamol biotransformation in HepaRG cells. / Thesis, MSc (Biochemistry), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate found in high concentrations in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli. Sulforaphane has received much attention due to the evidence that it inhibits phase I carcinogen-bioactivating enzymes and/or induces phase II antioxidant enzymes as well as metallothioneins (MTs) (Perocco et al., 2006; Clarke et al., 2008; Yeh & Yen, 2009). Since MTs and antioxidant enzymes are involved in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the question was raised whether sulforaphane can provide protection against increased oxidative stress and if sulforaphane exposure of a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, like HepaRG cells, will have a negative impact on phase I and II biotransformation in these cells. Oxidative stress was exogenously induced in HepaRG cells with tert- Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). Phase I and phase II biotransformation pathways were assessed with caffeine, paracetamol, aspirin, sodium benzoate, and paraaminobenzoic acid, respectively, as probe substances. Through the use of a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) assay, the biotransformation of caffeine in phase I and the formation of paracetamol, aspirin, sodium benzoate and para-aminobenzoic acid conjugates in phase II were investigated. This involved elucidating the time it took for the whole probe to be completely biotransformed during phase I biotransformation and the unique conjugates formed during phase II biotransformation in HepaRG cells. The optimal t-BHP concentration and exposure time in HepaRG cells were standardized with a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. LC-ESI-MS/MS assays to monitor phase I and phase II biotransformation were optimized and validated. The optimal sulforaphane concentration and exposure time in HepaRG cells were standardized with a MTT assay. To evaluate the possible protective effect of sulforaphane against oxidative stress, HepaRG cells were pre-incubated with sulforaphane followed by the induction of oxidative stress with t-BHP and the quantification of the amount of viable cells with a MTT assay. To investigate the effect of sulforaphane on phase I and phase II biotransformation pathways, HepaRG cells were first pre-incubated with sulforaphane followed by the addition of a specific probe substance and the assessment of the biotransformation of the probe with a LC-ESI-MS/MS assay. The results partially supported the hypothesis of the study that sulforaphane will protect HepaRG cells against oxidative stress without negatively influencing phase I and phase II biotransformation. The results indicated that sulforaphane provided partial protection against t-BHP induced oxidative stress and had no effect on phase II paracetamol biotransformation in HepaRG cells. / Thesis, MSc (Biochemistry), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women cancer cases worldwide. Cancer is the result of environmental and genetic factors that contribute to alterations in cellular control, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Vitamin D is emerging as an important nutrient in the prevention and treatment of cancer due to its ability to modulate proliferation and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. To accomplish this, Vitamin D exerts its biological activity by binding to a specific, high-affinity intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR). VDR expression is identified in mammary cancer cell lines, but levels are reduced compared to non-cancerous cells, which limits vitamin D-induced gene expression. Our study investigated two compounds with histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) activity, trichostatin A (TSA), and sulforaphane (SFN), and how they influence the expression of vitamin D-induced gene expression. By isolating mRNA to create cDNA, we were able to run RT-PCR to analyze the overall gene expression. The genes investigated were: CYP24A1, CYP27B1, VDR and TRPV6. We found that in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment alone induced the expression of VDR, CYP24A1 and CYP27B1. TRPV6 mRNA expression was not evident. TSA alone increased expression of VDR and CYP24A1, but SFN alone had no effect. Co-treatments of 1,25(OH)2D3 and TSA raised CYP24A1, but not significantly. Co-treatments with SFN seemed to decrease CYP24A1 expression, not significantly. Our findings support further study of the effects of the HDACI TSA in breast cancer, and suggest that this HDACI may be beneficial in augmenting vitamin D cellular responsiveness.

O sulforafano (SFN) é um composto natural que possui propriedades antioxidantes, estimulando, principalmente, o sistema antioxidante endógeno celular. Este composto está associado a uma via clássica de ativação, a via do fator eritroide nuclear tipo 2 (Nrf2). Entretanto, estudos mais recentes têm demonstrado que a ação do SFN também pode se dar pela via do coativador 1-alfa do receptor ativado por proliferador do peroxissoma (PGC-1α). A diferença da via de ativação pelo SFN parece ter relação com o tempo de exposição das células a este composto. Visto que o SFN é uma importante estratégia terapêutica no combate ao estresse oxidativo, que está relacionado ao desenvolvimento de diversas doenças cardiovasculares, a investigação do seu mecanismo de ação é necessária. A análise in vitro é uma ferramenta importante para a investigação das vias e tempos de incubação envolvidos na ação antioxidante do SFN. Sendo assim, a cultura primária de cardiomiócitos de ratos adultos é um dos modelos que pode ser utilizado, sendo a sua principal vantagem, o fato da fisiologia destas células se aproximar mais das condições fisiológicas in vivo. O objetivo deste estudo, então, foi analisar a estimulação de defesas antioxidantes feita pelo SFN, através das vias do Nrf2 e do PGC-1α, em tempos diferentes, utilizando a técnica de cultura de cardiomiócitos adultos. Ratos Wistar machos foram eutanasiados, para que seus corações fossem retirados e submetidos ao processo de isolamento de células cardíacas, em aparelho de Langendorff modificado. As células foram isoladas através da perfusão do coração com solução de Krebs e colagenase tipo II, por um período de 30 minutos. Após isso, as células isoladas foram plaqueadas e mantidas em incubadora a 37°C e 5% de CO2. Foi realizado o tratamento com 5 μM de SFN e/ou 5 μM de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2). As células foram divididas nos seguintes grupos experimentais: Controle, SFN, H2O2 e SFN+H2O2. Os grupos foram subdivididos em dois tempos de incubação: 1 e 24 horas. Foram realizadas as análises dos níveis totais de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) e de lipoperoxidação (LPO); atividade das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e glutationa s-transferase (GST); expressão proteica das isoformas citosólica (SOD-1) e mitocondrial (SOD-2) da SOD, e dos fatores Nrf2 e PGC-1α. Os resultados do trabalho mostram que, em relação ao tempo de 1 hora, o SFN incubado por 24 horas aumentou em 59% a atividade da SOD, 55% a expressão proteica da SOD-1, 24% a expressão proteica da SOD-2 e 69% a expressão proteica do PGC-1α. A expressão do Nrf2 foi 17% maior no tempo de 1 hora, em relação a 24 horas. Em relação à atividade da catalase e aos níveis de ROS e de LPO, houve diferença somente nos grupos incubados por 1 hora, nos quais a atividade da CAT foi menor no grupo H2O2, os níveis de ROS estavam diminuídos no grupo SFN, e os níveis de LPO estavam maiores no grupo H2O2. Não foram encontradas diferenças em relação à atividade da GST. Como conclusão, o SFN demonstrou um papel protetor nos grupos 1 hora, impedindo a geração de ROS e de dano a lipídeos, apesar de não apresentar um efeito expressivo sobre as enzimas antioxidantes. O efeito dos tempos de incubação na expressão do Nrf2 (aumentada em 1 hora) e do PGC-1α (aumentada em 24 horas) mostrou que realmente há uma relação temporal entre a sinalização destas duas vias, ativadas pelo SFN. Este resultado é instigante para que futuras análises dessa relação temporal das vias do SFN sejam realizadas. / Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural compound that has antioxidant properties, mainly stimulating the endogenous cellular antioxidant system. This compound is associated with a classical pathway of activation, the nuclear erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. However, more recent studies have shown that the action of SFN can also occur through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). The difference in the pathway of activation by SFN seems to be related to the time of exposure of the cells to this compound. Since SFN is an important therapeutic strategy in the fight against oxidative stress, which is related to the development of various cardiovascular diseases, the investigation of its mechanism of action is necessary. In vitro analysis is an important tool for investigating the pathways and incubation times involved in the antioxidant action of SFN. Thus, a primary culture of adult mouse cardiomyocytes is one of the models that can be used, the main advantage being that the physiology of these cells are closer to the physiological conditions in vivo. The objective of this study was to use adult cardiomyocyte culture technique to analyze the stimulation of antioxidant defenses by SFN through Nrf2 and PGC-1α pathways at different times. Male Wistar rats were euthanized, so that their hearts were removed and submitted to the process of isolation of cardiac cells, in modified Langendorff apparatus. Cells were isolated by perfusion of the heart with Krebs solution and type II collagenase for a period of 30 minutes. After that, the isolated cells were plated and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2. Treatment was performed with 5μM SFN and/or 5μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cells were divided into the following experimental groups: Control, SFN, H2O2 and SFN+H2O2. The groups were subdivided into two incubation times: 1 and 24 hours. Analyzes of total oxygen reactive species (ROS) and lipoperoxidation (LPO) levels were performed; activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione s-transferase (GST); protein expression of citosolic (SOD-1) and mitochondrial (SOD-2) isoforms of SOD, as well as Nrf2 and PGC-1α factors. The results of this work show that, compared to 1 hour time, SFN incubated for 24 hours increased SOD activity by 59%, SOD-1 protein expression by 55%, SOD-2 protein expression by 24%, and 69% PGC-1α protein expression. Expression of Nrf2 was 17% higher at 1 hour, over 24 hours of incubation. Regarding catalase activity and ROS and LPO levels, there were differences only in the groups incubated for 1 hour, in which the CAT activity was lower in H2O2 group, the ROS levels were decreased in SFN group, and levels of LPO were higher in H2O2 group. No differences were found in relation to GST activity. In summary, SFN demonstrated a protective role in 1 hour groups, preventing generation of ROS and lipid damage, although it does not present an expressive effect on the expression of antioxidant enzymes. The effect of incubation times on expression of Nrf2 (increased by 1 hour) and PGC-1α (increased by 24 hours) showed that there is actually a temporal relationship between the signaling of these two pathways, activated by SFN. This result is instigating for future analyzes of this temporal relationship of SFN pathways to be performed.

O sulforafano (SFN) é um composto natural que possui propriedades antioxidantes, estimulando, principalmente, o sistema antioxidante endógeno celular. Este composto está associado a uma via clássica de ativação, a via do fator eritroide nuclear tipo 2 (Nrf2). Entretanto, estudos mais recentes têm demonstrado que a ação do SFN também pode se dar pela via do coativador 1-alfa do receptor ativado por proliferador do peroxissoma (PGC-1α). A diferença da via de ativação pelo SFN parece ter relação com o tempo de exposição das células a este composto. Visto que o SFN é uma importante estratégia terapêutica no combate ao estresse oxidativo, que está relacionado ao desenvolvimento de diversas doenças cardiovasculares, a investigação do seu mecanismo de ação é necessária. A análise in vitro é uma ferramenta importante para a investigação das vias e tempos de incubação envolvidos na ação antioxidante do SFN. Sendo assim, a cultura primária de cardiomiócitos de ratos adultos é um dos modelos que pode ser utilizado, sendo a sua principal vantagem, o fato da fisiologia destas células se aproximar mais das condições fisiológicas in vivo. O objetivo deste estudo, então, foi analisar a estimulação de defesas antioxidantes feita pelo SFN, através das vias do Nrf2 e do PGC-1α, em tempos diferentes, utilizando a técnica de cultura de cardiomiócitos adultos. Ratos Wistar machos foram eutanasiados, para que seus corações fossem retirados e submetidos ao processo de isolamento de células cardíacas, em aparelho de Langendorff modificado. As células foram isoladas através da perfusão do coração com solução de Krebs e colagenase tipo II, por um período de 30 minutos. Após isso, as células isoladas foram plaqueadas e mantidas em incubadora a 37°C e 5% de CO2. Foi realizado o tratamento com 5 μM de SFN e/ou 5 μM de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2). As células foram divididas nos seguintes grupos experimentais: Controle, SFN, H2O2 e SFN+H2O2. Os grupos foram subdivididos em dois tempos de incubação: 1 e 24 horas. Foram realizadas as análises dos níveis totais de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) e de lipoperoxidação (LPO); atividade das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e glutationa s-transferase (GST); expressão proteica das isoformas citosólica (SOD-1) e mitocondrial (SOD-2) da SOD, e dos fatores Nrf2 e PGC-1α. Os resultados do trabalho mostram que, em relação ao tempo de 1 hora, o SFN incubado por 24 horas aumentou em 59% a atividade da SOD, 55% a expressão proteica da SOD-1, 24% a expressão proteica da SOD-2 e 69% a expressão proteica do PGC-1α. A expressão do Nrf2 foi 17% maior no tempo de 1 hora, em relação a 24 horas. Em relação à atividade da catalase e aos níveis de ROS e de LPO, houve diferença somente nos grupos incubados por 1 hora, nos quais a atividade da CAT foi menor no grupo H2O2, os níveis de ROS estavam diminuídos no grupo SFN, e os níveis de LPO estavam maiores no grupo H2O2. Não foram encontradas diferenças em relação à atividade da GST. Como conclusão, o SFN demonstrou um papel protetor nos grupos 1 hora, impedindo a geração de ROS e de dano a lipídeos, apesar de não apresentar um efeito expressivo sobre as enzimas antioxidantes. O efeito dos tempos de incubação na expressão do Nrf2 (aumentada em 1 hora) e do PGC-1α (aumentada em 24 horas) mostrou que realmente há uma relação temporal entre a sinalização destas duas vias, ativadas pelo SFN. Este resultado é instigante para que futuras análises dessa relação temporal das vias do SFN sejam realizadas. / Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural compound that has antioxidant properties, mainly stimulating the endogenous cellular antioxidant system. This compound is associated with a classical pathway of activation, the nuclear erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. However, more recent studies have shown that the action of SFN can also occur through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). The difference in the pathway of activation by SFN seems to be related to the time of exposure of the cells to this compound. Since SFN is an important therapeutic strategy in the fight against oxidative stress, which is related to the development of various cardiovascular diseases, the investigation of its mechanism of action is necessary. In vitro analysis is an important tool for investigating the pathways and incubation times involved in the antioxidant action of SFN. Thus, a primary culture of adult mouse cardiomyocytes is one of the models that can be used, the main advantage being that the physiology of these cells are closer to the physiological conditions in vivo. The objective of this study was to use adult cardiomyocyte culture technique to analyze the stimulation of antioxidant defenses by SFN through Nrf2 and PGC-1α pathways at different times. Male Wistar rats were euthanized, so that their hearts were removed and submitted to the process of isolation of cardiac cells, in modified Langendorff apparatus. Cells were isolated by perfusion of the heart with Krebs solution and type II collagenase for a period of 30 minutes. After that, the isolated cells were plated and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2. Treatment was performed with 5μM SFN and/or 5μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cells were divided into the following experimental groups: Control, SFN, H2O2 and SFN+H2O2. The groups were subdivided into two incubation times: 1 and 24 hours. Analyzes of total oxygen reactive species (ROS) and lipoperoxidation (LPO) levels were performed; activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione s-transferase (GST); protein expression of citosolic (SOD-1) and mitochondrial (SOD-2) isoforms of SOD, as well as Nrf2 and PGC-1α factors. The results of this work show that, compared to 1 hour time, SFN incubated for 24 hours increased SOD activity by 59%, SOD-1 protein expression by 55%, SOD-2 protein expression by 24%, and 69% PGC-1α protein expression. Expression of Nrf2 was 17% higher at 1 hour, over 24 hours of incubation. Regarding catalase activity and ROS and LPO levels, there were differences only in the groups incubated for 1 hour, in which the CAT activity was lower in H2O2 group, the ROS levels were decreased in SFN group, and levels of LPO were higher in H2O2 group. No differences were found in relation to GST activity. In summary, SFN demonstrated a protective role in 1 hour groups, preventing generation of ROS and lipid damage, although it does not present an expressive effect on the expression of antioxidant enzymes. The effect of incubation times on expression of Nrf2 (increased by 1 hour) and PGC-1α (increased by 24 hours) showed that there is actually a temporal relationship between the signaling of these two pathways, activated by SFN. This result is instigating for future analyzes of this temporal relationship of SFN pathways to be performed.

O sulforafano (SFN) é um composto natural que possui propriedades antioxidantes, estimulando, principalmente, o sistema antioxidante endógeno celular. Este composto está associado a uma via clássica de ativação, a via do fator eritroide nuclear tipo 2 (Nrf2). Entretanto, estudos mais recentes têm demonstrado que a ação do SFN também pode se dar pela via do coativador 1-alfa do receptor ativado por proliferador do peroxissoma (PGC-1α). A diferença da via de ativação pelo SFN parece ter relação com o tempo de exposição das células a este composto. Visto que o SFN é uma importante estratégia terapêutica no combate ao estresse oxidativo, que está relacionado ao desenvolvimento de diversas doenças cardiovasculares, a investigação do seu mecanismo de ação é necessária. A análise in vitro é uma ferramenta importante para a investigação das vias e tempos de incubação envolvidos na ação antioxidante do SFN. Sendo assim, a cultura primária de cardiomiócitos de ratos adultos é um dos modelos que pode ser utilizado, sendo a sua principal vantagem, o fato da fisiologia destas células se aproximar mais das condições fisiológicas in vivo. O objetivo deste estudo, então, foi analisar a estimulação de defesas antioxidantes feita pelo SFN, através das vias do Nrf2 e do PGC-1α, em tempos diferentes, utilizando a técnica de cultura de cardiomiócitos adultos. Ratos Wistar machos foram eutanasiados, para que seus corações fossem retirados e submetidos ao processo de isolamento de células cardíacas, em aparelho de Langendorff modificado. As células foram isoladas através da perfusão do coração com solução de Krebs e colagenase tipo II, por um período de 30 minutos. Após isso, as células isoladas foram plaqueadas e mantidas em incubadora a 37°C e 5% de CO2. Foi realizado o tratamento com 5 μM de SFN e/ou 5 μM de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2). As células foram divididas nos seguintes grupos experimentais: Controle, SFN, H2O2 e SFN+H2O2. Os grupos foram subdivididos em dois tempos de incubação: 1 e 24 horas. Foram realizadas as análises dos níveis totais de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) e de lipoperoxidação (LPO); atividade das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e glutationa s-transferase (GST); expressão proteica das isoformas citosólica (SOD-1) e mitocondrial (SOD-2) da SOD, e dos fatores Nrf2 e PGC-1α. Os resultados do trabalho mostram que, em relação ao tempo de 1 hora, o SFN incubado por 24 horas aumentou em 59% a atividade da SOD, 55% a expressão proteica da SOD-1, 24% a expressão proteica da SOD-2 e 69% a expressão proteica do PGC-1α. A expressão do Nrf2 foi 17% maior no tempo de 1 hora, em relação a 24 horas. Em relação à atividade da catalase e aos níveis de ROS e de LPO, houve diferença somente nos grupos incubados por 1 hora, nos quais a atividade da CAT foi menor no grupo H2O2, os níveis de ROS estavam diminuídos no grupo SFN, e os níveis de LPO estavam maiores no grupo H2O2. Não foram encontradas diferenças em relação à atividade da GST. Como conclusão, o SFN demonstrou um papel protetor nos grupos 1 hora, impedindo a geração de ROS e de dano a lipídeos, apesar de não apresentar um efeito expressivo sobre as enzimas antioxidantes. O efeito dos tempos de incubação na expressão do Nrf2 (aumentada em 1 hora) e do PGC-1α (aumentada em 24 horas) mostrou que realmente há uma relação temporal entre a sinalização destas duas vias, ativadas pelo SFN. Este resultado é instigante para que futuras análises dessa relação temporal das vias do SFN sejam realizadas. / Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural compound that has antioxidant properties, mainly stimulating the endogenous cellular antioxidant system. This compound is associated with a classical pathway of activation, the nuclear erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. However, more recent studies have shown that the action of SFN can also occur through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). The difference in the pathway of activation by SFN seems to be related to the time of exposure of the cells to this compound. Since SFN is an important therapeutic strategy in the fight against oxidative stress, which is related to the development of various cardiovascular diseases, the investigation of its mechanism of action is necessary. In vitro analysis is an important tool for investigating the pathways and incubation times involved in the antioxidant action of SFN. Thus, a primary culture of adult mouse cardiomyocytes is one of the models that can be used, the main advantage being that the physiology of these cells are closer to the physiological conditions in vivo. The objective of this study was to use adult cardiomyocyte culture technique to analyze the stimulation of antioxidant defenses by SFN through Nrf2 and PGC-1α pathways at different times. Male Wistar rats were euthanized, so that their hearts were removed and submitted to the process of isolation of cardiac cells, in modified Langendorff apparatus. Cells were isolated by perfusion of the heart with Krebs solution and type II collagenase for a period of 30 minutes. After that, the isolated cells were plated and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2. Treatment was performed with 5μM SFN and/or 5μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cells were divided into the following experimental groups: Control, SFN, H2O2 and SFN+H2O2. The groups were subdivided into two incubation times: 1 and 24 hours. Analyzes of total oxygen reactive species (ROS) and lipoperoxidation (LPO) levels were performed; activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione s-transferase (GST); protein expression of citosolic (SOD-1) and mitochondrial (SOD-2) isoforms of SOD, as well as Nrf2 and PGC-1α factors. The results of this work show that, compared to 1 hour time, SFN incubated for 24 hours increased SOD activity by 59%, SOD-1 protein expression by 55%, SOD-2 protein expression by 24%, and 69% PGC-1α protein expression. Expression of Nrf2 was 17% higher at 1 hour, over 24 hours of incubation. Regarding catalase activity and ROS and LPO levels, there were differences only in the groups incubated for 1 hour, in which the CAT activity was lower in H2O2 group, the ROS levels were decreased in SFN group, and levels of LPO were higher in H2O2 group. No differences were found in relation to GST activity. In summary, SFN demonstrated a protective role in 1 hour groups, preventing generation of ROS and lipid damage, although it does not present an expressive effect on the expression of antioxidant enzymes. The effect of incubation times on expression of Nrf2 (increased by 1 hour) and PGC-1α (increased by 24 hours) showed that there is actually a temporal relationship between the signaling of these two pathways, activated by SFN. This result is instigating for future analyzes of this temporal relationship of SFN pathways to be performed.