For channel estimation without data-induced interference in data-dependent superimposed training (DDST) scheme, the data sequence is shifted by subtracting a data-dependent sequence before added to training sequence at transmitter. The distorted term causes the data identification problem (DIP) at the receiver. In this thesis, we propose two precoding schemes based on previous work. To maintain low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), the precoding matrix is restricted to a diagonal matrix. The first scheme is proposed to enlarge the minimum distance between the closest codewords, termed as efficient diagonal scheme. Conditions to make sure the precoding matrix is efficient for M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) modulation are listed in this paper. The second scheme pursues a lowest complexity at receiver which means the amount of searching set is reduced. It is a trade-off between the better bit error rate (BER) performance and a lower complexity at receiver. The simulation results show that PAPR have been improved and the DIP is solved in both schemes.

<p>We investigate the dielectrophoretic separation of microparticles. Two different models are formulated in two characteristic time scales. The first model mainly accounts for the orientation behavior and rotational motion of non-spheric microparticles. The concept of effective charge is suggested to calculate the finite size non-spheric particles. It is combined with the fluid particle dynamics method to calculate hydrodynamic as well as dielectrophoretic forces and torques. The translational motion and the particle-particle interaction are calculated also, but they take much longer time to be observed due to the different time scales of the rotational and translational motions By viewing the particle as spheres, the second model focus on the translational motion of spheres. The hydrodynamic force between particles and particle-particle electrostatic interactions are also taken into account. We check the relative magnitude ratio between these forces in order to determine the importance of these forces. To predict and guide the design of experimental dielectrophoretic separation, two numerical applications are carried out. The first calculation suggests optimum patterns to improve the trapping efficiency of<em> E.coli.</em> cells by applying superimposed AC electric fields. The second calculation finds out the mobility and separation rate of particles which differs in size and electric properties by a multi-step trapping-releasing strategy.</p>

Electrical stimulation has been widely used in the field of sport training or functional rehabilitation to enhance strength training and to assess voluntary muscle activation. Two superimposed techniques can be used: 1) the twitch interpolation technique, which consists of interjecting an electrical stimulus onto the muscle nerve; and 2) the percutaneous superimposed electrical stimulation technique, where the stimulation is applied to the muscle belly. These two superimposed techniques can be used to evaluate the ability to fully activate a muscle. Temperature is important for muscle function. Muscle contraction and relaxation becomes quicker, development of power increasing as the temperature of the body raises. Immoderate temperature of the muscle, as a result, can decrease physical efficiency. However it is unclear how muscle heating can affect superimposed pulse force, therefore our aim was to determine and compare variant temperature affect on additionally activated quadriceps femoris muscle during isometric load. The study was performed at Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education. The subjects were 10 healthy adult men (age 22,1 ± 2,3 years, weight 72,3 ± 4,9 kg, height 178 ± 5,7 cm) who were not actively going in for sports. The study was consisted of two stages. During the first stage subjects were tested under control conditions. During the second stage (was performed after two weeks) subjects were tested, when their muscles were heated. Quadriceps femoris... [to full text]

To take advantage of the high speed in an optic fiber, one of the basic concept in fiber optic communication is to allow several users to simultaneously transmit data over the channel. One technique that provides multiple access is it fiber optic-code division multiple access (FO-CDMA). In FO-CDMA each user is assigned one or more signature sequences called codewords, which are subsets of a type of optical orthogonal code (OOC). The channel input/output consists of the superposition of several users codewords and at the receiver end an optical correlator extracts the information. In the parallel code constructions, presented in this report, each user j is assigned a subset Cj from a code C. The subsets are disjoint and their union is the whole set C. A new way to map the information bits is to insert up to L zeros before each codeword from Cj and let this represent information aswell. This gives high rates for active users but an investigation is needed to ensure that this does not compromise the systems wanted property of sending information with a small probability of errors for all users. Therefore a simulation environment has been implemented in Matlab. The result from these simulations shows that BER for the L parallel codes is acceptable and not much higher than for the traditional constructions. Because of the higher rate these construction should be preferred but an analysis if a hardware implementation is possible.

Ce travail s’inscrit dans l’effort de recherche ayant pour but d’identifier des sous-types de schizophrénie à travers des données de connectivité cérébrale tirées de l’imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionelle. Des techniques de regroupement en grappes, dont l’algorithme Espérance-Maximisation (EM) pour l’estimation des paramètres de modèles de mé- lange gaussien, ont été utilisées sur des données de ce type dans des recherches précédentes. Cette approche capture des effets de processus cérébraux normaux qui sont sans intérêt pour l’identification de sous-types maladifs. Dans le présent travail, les données de la population des individus témoins (non-atteints de la maladie) sont modélisées par un mélange fini de densités gaussiennes. Chaque densité représente un sous-type supposé de fonctionnement cé- rébral normal. Une nouvelle modélisation est proposée pour les données de la population des individus atteints : un mélange de densités gaussiennes où chaque densité a une moyenne correspondant à la somme d’un état normal et d’un état maladif. Il s’agit donc d’un modèle de mélange gaussien dans lequel se superposent des sous-types de fonctionnement cérébral normal et des sous-types de maladie. On présuppose que les processus normaux et maladifs sont additifs et l’objectif est d’isoler et d’estimer les effets maladifs. Un algorithme de type EM spécifiquement conçu pour ce modèle est développé. Nous disposons en outre de données de connectivité cérébrale de 242 individus témoins et 242 patients diagnostiqués schizophrènes. Des résultats de l’utilisation de cet algorithme sur ces données sont rapportés. / This work is part of the research effort to identify subtypes of schizophrenia through brain connectivity data from functional magnetic resonance imaging. Clustering techniques, including the Esperance-Maximization algorithm (EM) for estimating parameters of Gaussian mixture models, have been used on such data in previous research. This approach captures the effects of normal brain processes that are irrelevant to the identification of disease subtypes. In this work, the population data of control (non-disease) individuals are modeled by a finite mixture of Gaussian densities. Each density represents an assumed subtype of normal brain function. A new model is proposed for the population data of affected individuals : a mixture of Gaussian densities where each density has an mean corresponding to the sum of a normal state and a disease state. Therefore, it is a mixture in which subtypes of normal brain function and subtypes of disease are superimposed. It is assumed that normal and unhealthy processes are additive and the goal is to isolate and estimate the unhealthy effects. An EM algorithm specifically designed for this model is developed. Data were obtained from functional magnetic resonance imaging of 242 control individuals and 242 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Results obtained using this algorithm on this data set are reported.

We investigate the dielectrophoretic separation of microparticles. Two different models are formulated in two characteristic time scales. The first model mainly accounts for the orientation behavior and rotational motion of non-spheric microparticles. The concept of effective charge is suggested to calculate the finite size non-spheric particles. It is combined with the fluid particle dynamics method to calculate hydrodynamic as well as dielectrophoretic forces and torques. The translational motion and the particle-particle interaction are calculated also, but they take much longer time to be observed due to the different time scales of the rotational and translational motions By viewing the particle as spheres, the second model focus on the translational motion of spheres. The hydrodynamic force between particles and particle-particle electrostatic interactions are also taken into account. We check the relative magnitude ratio between these forces in order to determine the importance of these forces. To predict and guide the design of experimental dielectrophoretic separation, two numerical applications are carried out. The first calculation suggests optimum patterns to improve the trapping efficiency of E.coli. cells by applying superimposed AC electric fields. The second calculation finds out the mobility and separation rate of particles which differs in size and electric properties by a multi-step trapping-releasing strategy. / QC 20101118

A dual-axis fluidic thrust vectoring (FTV) system is proposed where the supersonic propulsive jet of an aircraft is exhausted over a scarfed (swept), curved surface to produce flight control moments in both the pitch and yaw axes. This work contributes towards practical dual-axis FTV through expansion of fundamental curved-wall jet (CWJ) understanding, development of the novel Superimposed Characteristics technique for supersonic nozzle design, and performance evaluation of an experimental scarfed curved wall FTV configuration. Previous work has suggested that the use of a sheared exhaust velocity profile improves the attachment of supersonic jets to curved surfaces; however, evidence to support this is limited. To address this, an inviscid numerical CWJ model was developed using the two-dimensional method of characteristics. A major outcome is improved understanding of the effect of exhaust velocity profile on CWJ wave structure and subsequent jet attachment. A sheared velocity exhaust is shown to generate a wave structure that diminishes adverse streamwise pressure gradients within a supersonic curved-wall jet. This reduces the likelihood of boundary layer separation and as a result, a sheared exhaust velocity CWJ is expected to be less readily separated compared to other exhaust velocity profiles. A novel method termed Superimposed Characteristics was developed for the low-order design of supersonic nozzles with rectangular exits. The technique is capable of generating 3D nozzle geometries based on independent exit plane orientation and exhaust velocity distribution requirements. The Superimposed Characteristics method was used to design scarfed rectangular exit nozzles with sheared velocity exhaust profiles. These nozzles were then evaluated using finite volume computational methods and experimental methods. From the analysis, the Superimposed Characteristics method is shown to be valid for preliminary nozzle design. Experimental methods were used to study the on- and off-design attachment qualities of uniform and sheared velocity exhaust jets for a FTV configuration with an external curved wall termination angle of 90 degrees and scarf angle of 30 degrees. Experiments at the on-design nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) of 3.3 demonstrated pitch and yaw jet deflection angles of 78 degrees and 23 degrees respectively for the uniform exhaust velocity CWJ. The sheared exhaust velocity CWJ achieved lower pitch and yaw deflection angles of 34 degrees and 14 degrees respectively at the same on-design NPR. The lower jet deflection angles observed for sheared exhaust velocity jets is inconsistent with the CWJ model prediction of reduced adverse streamwise pressure gradients; however, there was insufficient experimental instrumentation to identify the cause. In the off-design experiments, the uniform exhaust velocity CWJ was observed to detach at an NPR of 3.6, whilst the sheared exhaust velocity CWJ remained attached at NPRs in excess of 4. The capability of sheared exhaust velocity CWJs to remain attached at higher NPRs is consistent with the analytical theory and the CWJ model predictions. An actuation study was carried out to achieve controlled jet detachment using secondary blowing injected normal to the curved wall. Full separation of the wall jets was achieved downstream of the injection point. This provided vectoring angles of more than 20 degrees in pitch and 10 degrees in yaw, exceeding expected vectoring requirements for practical aircraft control. At the on-design NPR, the uniform and sheared exhaust velocity jets required secondary blowing mass flow rates of 2.1% and 3.8% of the primary mass flow respectively to achieve full separation.

Orientadores: João Marcos Travassos Romano, Leandro de Campos Teixeira Gomes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T02:05:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 UlianiNeto_Mario_M.pdf: 12916890 bytes, checksum: 53ed98252c8c6c265c985346ceaeec4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o uso de uma marca d'água digital como sinal de referência na filtragem adaptativa supervisionada, aplicada aos problemas de equalização e identificação de canais. Ao contrário de métodos mais tradicionais, nos quais a comunicação é periodicamente interrompida para a transmissão de seqüências de treinamento, uma marca d'água é transmitida ininterruptamente, juntamente com o sinal de informação. Através da comparação entre o sinal recebido processado pelo filtro equalizador e a marca d'água original, ou entre o sinal recebido e a marca d' água processada pelo filtro identificador, os coeficientes deste filtro são continuamente adaptados para estimar e rastrear as características do canal ao longo do tempo. Tanto a transmissão de informação útil como a adaptação do filtro equalizador/identificador nunca são interrompidas. Para que o processo de detecção de uma marca d'água digital seja eficiente, é necessária a sincronização da marca no detector. Efeitos de dessincron}zação podem prejudicar a detecção, potencialmente inviabilizando a extração adequada da informação contida na marca d'água. Esta dissertação apresenta dois métodos de ressincronização para sistemas de filtragem empregando marca d'água. Ambos os métodos são baseados no uso de seqüências de treinamento embutidas na marca d'água e revertem os efeitos de uma ampla classe de ataques de dessincronização. No caso de sinais que apresentem uma interpretação sensorial (e.g. áudio, imagens, vídeo), a adição da marca d'água não deve causar distorção perceptível no sinal original. Propomos o uso de um modelo psicoacústico em conjunto com um algoritmo de conformação espectral para demonstrar a viabilidade do método quando aplicado a sinais de áudio. Resultados de simulações computacionais são apresentados para evidenciar o desempenho das propostas fr_nte a técnicas tradicionais de filtragem adaptativa supervisionada / Abstact: The objective of this work is to investigate the use of a digital watermark as a reference signal in supervised adaptive filtering, applied to the channel equalization and identification problems. Contrary to traditional adaptive methods, in which communication is periodically interrupted for the transmission of training sequences, a watermark is transmitted uninterruptedly, along with the information signal. By comparing the received signal and the watermark processed by the identification filter, or the received signal processed by the equalization filter and the original watermark, the coefficients of this filter are continuously adapted to estimate and monitor channel characteristics through time. Both the transmission of useful information and the adaptation of the identification/equalization filter are never interrupted. For the watermark detection process to be efficient, synchronization of the watermark in the detector is required. Desynchronization effects can reduce detection performance, potentially making impracticable the appropriate extraction of the information contained in the watermark. This dissertation presents two resynchronization methods for filtering systems using a watermark. Both methods are based on training sequences that are embedded in the watermark, and can reverse the effects of a large class of desynchronization attacks. The embedding of a watermark into signals with sensorial interpretation (e.g. audio, image, video) should not introduce noticeable distortion in the original signal. To achieve this when applying our method to audio signals, we propose the use of a psychoacoustic model with a spectral shaping algorithm. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method when compared to traditional supervised adaptive filtering techniques / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

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This dissertation combines studies of aeolian bedforms and aeolian dune-field patterns to create a comprehensive set of tools that can be used in tandem (or separately) to extract information about climate change and landscape evolution, and to identify the controls on formation for specific modern dune fields or ancient aeolian sequences. The spatial distribution of surface processes, erosion/deposition rates, and lee face sorting on aeolian dunes are each a function of the incident angle. This correlation between stratification style and incidence angle can be used to develop a “toolbox” of methods based on measurements of key suites of parameters found in ancient aeolian deposits. Information obtained from the rock record can be used as input data for different kinds of numerical models. Regional-scale paleowind conditions can be used to validate paleoclimate and global circulation models. Understanding the natural variability in the Earth’s climate throughout its history can help predict future climate change. Reconstructed wind regimes and bedform morphologies can be used in numerical models of aeolian dune-field pattern evolution to simulate patterns analogous to those reconstructed from ancient aeolian systems. Much of the diversity of aeolian dune-field patterns seen in the real world is a function of the sediment supply and transport capacity, which in turn determine the sediment availability of the system. Knowledge of the sediment supply, availability, and transport capacity of aeolian systems can be used to predict the amount of sand in the system and where it might have migrated. This information can be extremely useful for development and production of oil and gas accumulations, where a discovery has been made but the spatial extent of the aeolian reservoir is unknown. / text