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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Fiber tract associated with autistic traits in healthy adults / 健康成人における自閉症傾向と関連する神経線維について

Hirose, Kimito 23 March 2015 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18854号 / 医博第3965号 / 新制||医||1007(附属図書館) / 31805 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 古川 壽亮, 教授 髙橋 良輔, 教授 富樫 かおり / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
2

Neural Mechanisms of Inference Processes during Text Comprehension

Chow, Ho Ming 05 November 2008 (has links)
The aim of this study is to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the drawing of inferences based on a reader s knowledge during reading. Previous research studies have investigated this topic by using different types of text materials varying in coherence (e.g. Kuperberg et al., 2006), complexity (e.g. Xu et al., 2005), comprehensibility (e.g. Vandenberghe et al., 2002) or acceptability (e.g. Hagoort et al., 2004). Instead of using different types of text materials, we used a less explored method that manipulated the reader s reading goals to vary the level of engagement of inference processes. Cognitive psychologists have shown that the reader s reading goals have considerable influence on the cognitive processes of comprehension and on the content of the resulting representation of the text (Graesser et al., 1994). Here, two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments were conducted to investigate the neural mechanisms of drawing strategic and routine inferences. The experimental data were analysed using two complementary approaches, namely conventional fMRI data analysis and effective connectivity analysis. Combined with an anatomical model developed in this study, the latter approach enabled us to quantify the interregional interactions modulated by the experimental conditions and to discriminate between several plausible hypotheses regarding how inferences are drawn. The results of both fMRI experiments show that the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in Brodmann area (BA) 45/47 is involved in inference processes, regardless of whether inferences are drawn strategically or routinely, while the left anterior prefrontal cortex in BA 9/10 is only involved in retrieving strategic inferences. The effective connectivity analyses show that the retrieval of strategic and routine inferences consistently enhances the connectivity between the left posterior superior temporal sulcus and the left dorsal lateral IFG.
3

The role of alternating bilateral stimulation in establishing positive cognition in EMDR therapy: a multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy study / EMDR療法での肯定的認知の構築における左右交互刺激の役割:多チャンネル近赤外線分光法を用いた研究

Amano, Tamaki 23 March 2017 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第20294号 / 人健博第42号 / 新制||人健||4(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 二木 淑子, 教授 精山 明敏, 教授 村井 俊哉 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM
4

Mechanisms of Voice Processing: Evidence from Autism Spectrum Disorder

Schelinski, Stefanie 06 April 2018 (has links)
Die korrekte Wahrnehmung stimmlicher Information ist eine Grundvoraussetzung erfolgreicher zwischenmenschlicher Kommunikation. Die Stimme einer anderen Person liefert Information darüber wer spricht (Sprechererkennung), was gesagt wird (stimmliche Spracherkennung) und über den emotionalen Zustand einer Person (stimmliche Emotionserkennung). Autismus Spektrum Störungen (ASS) sind mit Einschränkungen in der Sprechererkennung und der stimmlichen Emotionserkennung assoziiert, während die Wahrnehmung stimmlicher Sprache relativ intakt ist. Die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen dieser Einschränkungen sind bisher jedoch unklar. Es ist beispielsweise unklar, auf welcher Verarbeitungsstufe diese Einschränkungen in der Stimmenwahrnehmung entstehen oder ob sie mit einer Dysfunktion stimmensensitiver Hirnregionen in Verbindung stehen. Im Rahmen meiner Dissertation haben wir systematisch Stimmenverarbeitung und dessen Einschränkungen bei Erwachsenen mit hochfunktionalem ASS und typisch entwickelten Kontrollprobanden (vergleichbar in Alter, Geschlecht und intellektuellen Fähigkeiten) untersucht. In den ersten beiden Studien charakterisierten wir Sprechererkennung bei ASS mittels einer umfassenden verhaltensbezogenen Testbatterie und zweier funktionaler Magnet Resonanz Tomographie (fMRT) Experimente. In der dritten Studie untersuchten wir Mechanismen eingeschränkter stimmlicher Emotionserkennung bei ASS. Unsere Ergebnisse bringen neue Kenntnisse für Modelle zwischenmenschlicher Kommunikation und erhöhen unser Verständnis elementarer Mechanismen, die den Kernsymptomen in ASS wie Schwierigkeiten in der Kommunikation, zugrunde liegen könnten. Beispielsweise unterstützen unsere Ergebnisse die Annahme, dass Einschränkungen in der Wahrnehmung und Integration basaler sensorischer Merkmale (i.S. akustischer Merkmale der Stimme) entscheidend zu Einschränkungen in sozialer Kognition (i.S. Sprechererkennung und stimmliche Emotionserkennung) beitragen. / The correct perception of information carried by the voice is a key requirement for successful human communication. Hearing another person’s voice provides information about who is speaking (voice identity), what is said (vocal speech) and the emotional state of a person (vocal emotion). Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with impaired voice identity and vocal emotion perception while the perception of vocal speech is relatively intact. However, the underlying mechanisms of these voice perception impairments are unclear. For example, it is unclear at which processing stage voice perception difficulties occur, i.e. whether they are rather of apperceptive or associative nature or whether impairments in voice identity processing in ASD are associated with dysfunction of voice-sensitive brain regions. Within the scope of my dissertation we systematically investigated voice perception and its impairments in adults with high-functioning ASD and typically developing matched controls (matched pairwise on age, gender, and intellectual abilities). In the first two studies we characterised the behavioural and neuronal profile of voice identity recognition in ASD using two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments and a comprehensive behavioural test battery. In the third study we investigated the underlying behavioural mechanisms of impaired vocal emotion recognition in ASD. Our results inform models on human communication and advance our understanding for basic mechanisms which might contribute to core symptoms in ASD, such as difficulties in communication. For example, our results converge to support the view that in ASD difficulties in perceiving and integrating lower-level sensory features, i.e. acoustic characteristics of the voice might critically contribute to difficulties in higher-level social cognition, i.e. voice identity and vocal emotion recognition.

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