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L’industrie chimique française est une industrie qui apparait alanguie au début du siècle et distancée par l’Allemagne. Elle connait cependant une croissance, plus lente, et un certain nombre de transformations notamment au point de vue de la recherche. Elle croît à l’ombre d’un système d’ententes généralisée et du dur labeur des ouvriers. Quand la guerre éclate en 1914, elle est mal préparée et doit effectuer une transformation rapide. Sa montée en puissance se fait grâce à un effort d’outillage et un développement du travail intensif où les travailleurs coloniaux paie un cher prix. Les approvisionnements anglais et américains sont essentiels pour sa production. La guerre terminée l’industrie chimique française doit se reconvertir. Elle pense, avec l’aide des pouvoirs publics, le faire grâce au Traité de Versailles. Cependant la crise de 1920-1921 montre les fragilités de cette industrie. Le retour à la croissance entre 1922 et 1929 s’accompagne à partir de 1925 d’une concurrence accrue de la part de l’Allemagne qui a rationnalisé ses structures. La croissance se fait principalement sur le marché national. En fin de période, la recherche scientifique commence à s’organiser au sein des entreprises. Toutefois la transformation capitalistique c’est imparfaitement faite. Le secteur reste dispersé et continue d’employer une forte main d’œuvre immigrée, seule capable d’accepter les tâches les plus dures. / The French Chemical industry appears in the beginning of the century as a backward industry compared with the german one. Indeed there is a slow growth and a a certain number of progress, in research for instance. The Chemical Industry is structured by a general system of cartels and harsh labour. At the outbreak of the War, the French Chemical industry is ill prepared and has to shift rapidly. It’s improvment is made through the basic development of traditionnal factories and an intensification of work due to colonial workforce for the most. At the end of the war, the chemical industry as to convert to civil markets. The 1920-1921 crisis shows the fragility of this industry. When the economic growth is back in 1922-29 the German chemical is more competitive thane ever having rationalized its structures. Thus the inner market is developped. At the end of the period, scientific research is rising. Nevertheless the capitalistic transformation is far for being made. The branch is still divided in archaïc (foreign workforce) and modern trends.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:31:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lemos_gc_me_araca.pdf: 160789 bytes, checksum: 0de461ffc42d8847ad0ddb66ab8b1f25 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Foi avaliado o desempenho produtivo e a interferência do flúor em bovinos Nelore suplementados com fontes alternativas de fósforo. As fontes de fósforo e as relações P:F foram distribuídas nos seguintes tratamentos: controle (CONTNEG), fosfato bicálcico 120:1 (FB-120), 30:1 (FB-30) e 10:1 (FB-10), monobicálcico 60:1 (MBC-60), superfosfato triplo 30:1 (SFT-30) e rocha de Cajati 10:1 (ROCHA-10). Foram utilizados 49 novilhos, desmamados, com nove meses de idade, castrados e com 230 kg de peso médio, distribuídos em sete piquetes, com água e mistura mineral completa ad libitum, exceto fósforo. A dieta padrão foi calculada para um ganho de peso aproximado de 0,500 kg/dia. Os animais do tratamento SFT-30, atingiram o peso de 520 kg, aproximadamente cinco meses antes que os do tratamento ROCHA-10, devido à solubilidade do P nas fontes. As análises de fósforo no osso mostraram diferença estatística apenas entre o tratamento CONTNEG e os tratamentos com fosfato bicálcico. As análises de flúor no osso se mostraram intimamente associados à quantidade de flúor disponível nas fontes testes. Pode-se concluir que as diferentes fontes de fósforo utilizadas interferiram nos resultados de desempenho dos animais. / The productive performance and the interference of fluorine in supplemented Nelore bovines with alternative sources of phosphorus were evaluated. The sources of phosphorus and relations P:F had been distributed in the following treatments: control (CONTNEG), dicalcium phospate 120:1 (FB-120), 30:1 (FB-30) and 10:1 (FB-10), monodicalcium 60:1 (MBC-60), triple superphosphate 30:1 (SFT-30) and Cajati Rock 10:1 (ROCHA-10). Forty nine castrated steers with nine months of age averaging 230 kg distributed in seven pens, with water available and a complete mineral mixture, except phosphorus. The ration was formulated for a weight gain of 0,500 kg/day. Animals of SFT-30 treatment had reached 520 kg approximately five months before ROCHA-10 treatment, due to the P solubility in the sources. The analyses of phosphorus in the bone had shown statistical differences only between treatment CONTNEG and the treatments with dicalcium phosphate. Bone fluorine analyses were highly associated to fluorine quantity in the phosphorous sources evaluated. It can be concluded that the different phosphorus sources used had influenced animal performance.

Orientador: Manoel Garcia Neto / Banca: Cecílio Viega Soares Filho / Banca: Júlio César Damasceno / Resumo: Foi avaliado o desempenho produtivo e a interferência do flúor em bovinos Nelore suplementados com fontes alternativas de fósforo. As fontes de fósforo e as relações P:F foram distribuídas nos seguintes tratamentos: controle (CONTNEG), fosfato bicálcico 120:1 (FB-120), 30:1 (FB-30) e 10:1 (FB-10), monobicálcico 60:1 (MBC-60), superfosfato triplo 30:1 (SFT-30) e rocha de Cajati 10:1 (ROCHA-10). Foram utilizados 49 novilhos, desmamados, com nove meses de idade, castrados e com 230 kg de peso médio, distribuídos em sete piquetes, com água e mistura mineral completa ad libitum, exceto fósforo. A dieta padrão foi calculada para um ganho de peso aproximado de 0,500 kg/dia. Os animais do tratamento SFT-30, atingiram o peso de 520 kg, aproximadamente cinco meses antes que os do tratamento ROCHA-10, devido à solubilidade do P nas fontes. As análises de fósforo no osso mostraram diferença estatística apenas entre o tratamento CONTNEG e os tratamentos com fosfato bicálcico. As análises de flúor no osso se mostraram intimamente associados à quantidade de flúor disponível nas fontes testes. Pode-se concluir que as diferentes fontes de fósforo utilizadas interferiram nos resultados de desempenho dos animais. / Abstract: The productive performance and the interference of fluorine in supplemented Nelore bovines with alternative sources of phosphorus were evaluated. The sources of phosphorus and relations P:F had been distributed in the following treatments: control (CONTNEG), dicalcium phospate 120:1 (FB-120), 30:1 (FB-30) and 10:1 (FB-10), monodicalcium 60:1 (MBC-60), triple superphosphate 30:1 (SFT-30) and Cajati Rock 10:1 (ROCHA-10). Forty nine castrated steers with nine months of age averaging 230 kg distributed in seven pens, with water available and a complete mineral mixture, except phosphorus. The ration was formulated for a weight gain of 0,500 kg/day. Animals of SFT-30 treatment had reached 520 kg approximately five months before ROCHA-10 treatment, due to the P solubility in the sources. The analyses of phosphorus in the bone had shown statistical differences only between treatment CONTNEG and the treatments with dicalcium phosphate. Bone fluorine analyses were highly associated to fluorine quantity in the phosphorous sources evaluated. It can be concluded that the different phosphorus sources used had influenced animal performance. / Mestre