The purpose of our thesis is to determine to what extent the cow milk and oat drink industries can implement a circular economy according to Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s definition. In addition, we will discuss the impact on the overall sustainability.  31% of the anthropogenic emissions stem from processes related to food production and in Sweden, a significant portion of these stem from the dairy industry– which has also been noticed by some oat drink companies. The problem is further amplified by the fact that a third of the food produced for human consumption ends up lost or wasted. Multiple laws and policies have been introduced to combat this, and new solutions are needed. A term that has gained popularity lately is the circular economy, which focuses on closing the loop and thus eliminating waste. That way, if would be possible to see the environmental impact from the oat drink and cow milk industries in a bigger perspective.  We have conducted a qualitative study using primary and secondary data. The primary data stems from 11 semi-structured interviews and the secondary data comes from relevant documents by the companies. An inductive approach was used.  The results showed that it is not possible for these industries to implement an entirely circular food supply chain because of the inevitable food waste. Overall, there is also a lack of terminology and measuring methods in both areas related to the CE. Yet, the work with food waste has come far within the individual companies but the coordination between companies that will allow them to cooperate requires further attention. The efforts should be aimed at the consumer level and seek to clarify the question of responsibility. Furthermore, the difficulties in profitability must be solved, and an improved compensation system is needed. Finally, we noted that a circular economy is not by definition perfectly sustainable, and that changes in the oat drink can lead to other implications of a study like this one.

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a relação dos níveis de maturidade em gestão ambiental com a intensidade da adoção de práticas de Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), por meio de um framework integrador desses dois conceitos e de evidências oriundas de múltiplos casos. Os fatores que motivaram a concepção de tal objetivo são: a inexistência, até o momento, de um framework integrador entre níveis de maturidade em gestão ambiental e práticas de GSCM; a ausência de estudos similares da relação maturidade da gestão ambiental-GSCM com empresas localizadas em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil; e, por fim, analisar a aderência desse framework integrador a empresas pertencentes a setores que tenham alto impacto ambiental antrópico. Para o alcance do objetivo, foi realizada uma sistematização junto à literatura que versa sobre maturidade de gestão ambiental, tipologia das práticas de GSCM, obtendo-se um conjunto mais amplo de práticas de GSCM, e um framework integrador original, aqui chamado de \"Níveis de maturidade em GSCM\". Para verificar sua aderência a situações práticas, foram analisados cinco casos inseridos em cadeias de suprimentos com alto impacto ambiental, sendo que duas empresas são pertencentes a cadeias de suprimentos de pilhas e baterias, duas empresas pertencentes a cadeia de defensivos agrícolas e uma empresa pertencente à cadeia automotiva. Verificou-se que das cinco empresas analisadas: (a) uma empresa adotava poucas práticas de GSCM motivada pelo cumprimento da legislação ambiental restritiva; (b) uma empresa adotava um número médio de práticas de GSCM, principalmente as ligadas ao retorno de investimentos, motivada pela redução de custos; (c) e três empresas adotavam um número elevado de práticas de GSCM, tendo em comum a adoção de práticas de GSCM dos tipos gestão ambiental interna, redução de resíduos e minimização de riscos e comunicacionais, motivadas pela obtenção de vantagens competitivas. Verificou-se, simultaneamente, a aderência do framework integrador proposto à luz dos casos anteriormente citados, tendo se mostrado sensível para avaliar flutuações entre os níveis de maturidade de gestão ambiental e a adoção das práticas de GSCM, cumprindo sua função original e obtendo-se a seguinte classificação de níveis de maturidade em GSCM: (a) o primeiro, nível reativo em GSCM com baixa adoção de práticas de GSCM motivadas por restrições legais; (b) o segundo, nível preventivo em GSCM, com média adoção de práticas de GSCM, principalmente relacionadas a diminuição de custos; (c) e o terceiro, nível proativo em GSCM, onde há a busca por obtenção de vantagens competitivas. Revelou-se, adicionalmente, que tende a existir um padrão na adoção de práticas de GSCM por parte das empresas, vinculado a cada nível de maturidade em GSCM. Acredita-se que esse padrão evolutivo de GSCM pode ser usado por dirigentes organizacionais ou por gestores públicos para fomentar a adoção de práticas de GSCM. Este trabalho, até onde é de conhecimento do autor e até onde revelam buscas sistemáticas realizadas junto aos portais Web of Science e Scopus, é a primeira pesquisa a relacionar níveis de maturidade de gestão ambiental a práticas de GSCM, aplicada a cinco casos com alto impacto ambiental do Brasil. / The objective of this work is to identify the relationship between maturity levels of environmental management with the intensity of adoption of practices of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), through the proposal of an integrative framework of these two concepts and a multiple case study. The factors that motivated the design of this goal are: the absence so far of an integrative framework between maturity levels in environmental management and GSCM practices; the scarcity of similar studies of the relationship of environmental maturity GSCM with companies located in developing countries, such as Brazil; and, finally, analyze the adherence of this integrative framework to companies belonging to sectors that have high environmental impact. To achieve the goal, a deep literature review was performed with the literature dealing with environmental management maturity, GSCM practices, obtaining a broader set of GSCM practices, and a unique integrative framework, here called \"Levels of maturity on GSCM\". To verify its adherence to the real world, five cases were analyzed in supply chains with high environmental impact. It was found that: (a) a company few had adopted GSCM practices motivated by compliance with strict environmental legislation; (b) a company had adopted an average number of GSCM practices, especially those relating to investment returns, driven by cost saving; (c) and three companies had adopted a large number of GSCM practices, having in common the adoption of GSCM practices types of internal environmental management, waste reduction and risk minimization and communication, motivated by obtaining competitive advantages. It was found a sensitive framework with the following classification levels of maturity on GSCM: (a) the first, reactive level GSCM with low adoption of GSCM practices motivated by legal restrictions; (b) the second level (preventive) GSCM, mean adopting GSCM practices, primarily related to saving costs; (c) and the third, (proactive) level in GSCM, where there is the search for competitive advantages. Additionally it was found a kind of pattern in the adoption of GSCM practices by firms, linked to each level of maturity in GSCM. It is believed that this evolutionary pattern of GSCM can be used by organizational leaders or public officials to foster the adoption of GSCM practices. This work, so far as is known to the author and to reveal where systematic searches conducted with the Web of Science and Scopus data bases, is the first study to relate maturity levels of environmental management practices of GSCM, applied to five cases with high impact environmental Brazil.

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a relação dos níveis de maturidade em gestão ambiental com a intensidade da adoção de práticas de Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), por meio de um framework integrador desses dois conceitos e de evidências oriundas de múltiplos casos. Os fatores que motivaram a concepção de tal objetivo são: a inexistência, até o momento, de um framework integrador entre níveis de maturidade em gestão ambiental e práticas de GSCM; a ausência de estudos similares da relação maturidade da gestão ambiental-GSCM com empresas localizadas em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil; e, por fim, analisar a aderência desse framework integrador a empresas pertencentes a setores que tenham alto impacto ambiental antrópico. Para o alcance do objetivo, foi realizada uma sistematização junto à literatura que versa sobre maturidade de gestão ambiental, tipologia das práticas de GSCM, obtendo-se um conjunto mais amplo de práticas de GSCM, e um framework integrador original, aqui chamado de \"Níveis de maturidade em GSCM\". Para verificar sua aderência a situações práticas, foram analisados cinco casos inseridos em cadeias de suprimentos com alto impacto ambiental, sendo que duas empresas são pertencentes a cadeias de suprimentos de pilhas e baterias, duas empresas pertencentes a cadeia de defensivos agrícolas e uma empresa pertencente à cadeia automotiva. Verificou-se que das cinco empresas analisadas: (a) uma empresa adotava poucas práticas de GSCM motivada pelo cumprimento da legislação ambiental restritiva; (b) uma empresa adotava um número médio de práticas de GSCM, principalmente as ligadas ao retorno de investimentos, motivada pela redução de custos; (c) e três empresas adotavam um número elevado de práticas de GSCM, tendo em comum a adoção de práticas de GSCM dos tipos gestão ambiental interna, redução de resíduos e minimização de riscos e comunicacionais, motivadas pela obtenção de vantagens competitivas. Verificou-se, simultaneamente, a aderência do framework integrador proposto à luz dos casos anteriormente citados, tendo se mostrado sensível para avaliar flutuações entre os níveis de maturidade de gestão ambiental e a adoção das práticas de GSCM, cumprindo sua função original e obtendo-se a seguinte classificação de níveis de maturidade em GSCM: (a) o primeiro, nível reativo em GSCM com baixa adoção de práticas de GSCM motivadas por restrições legais; (b) o segundo, nível preventivo em GSCM, com média adoção de práticas de GSCM, principalmente relacionadas a diminuição de custos; (c) e o terceiro, nível proativo em GSCM, onde há a busca por obtenção de vantagens competitivas. Revelou-se, adicionalmente, que tende a existir um padrão na adoção de práticas de GSCM por parte das empresas, vinculado a cada nível de maturidade em GSCM. Acredita-se que esse padrão evolutivo de GSCM pode ser usado por dirigentes organizacionais ou por gestores públicos para fomentar a adoção de práticas de GSCM. Este trabalho, até onde é de conhecimento do autor e até onde revelam buscas sistemáticas realizadas junto aos portais Web of Science e Scopus, é a primeira pesquisa a relacionar níveis de maturidade de gestão ambiental a práticas de GSCM, aplicada a cinco casos com alto impacto ambiental do Brasil. / The objective of this work is to identify the relationship between maturity levels of environmental management with the intensity of adoption of practices of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), through the proposal of an integrative framework of these two concepts and a multiple case study. The factors that motivated the design of this goal are: the absence so far of an integrative framework between maturity levels in environmental management and GSCM practices; the scarcity of similar studies of the relationship of environmental maturity GSCM with companies located in developing countries, such as Brazil; and, finally, analyze the adherence of this integrative framework to companies belonging to sectors that have high environmental impact. To achieve the goal, a deep literature review was performed with the literature dealing with environmental management maturity, GSCM practices, obtaining a broader set of GSCM practices, and a unique integrative framework, here called \"Levels of maturity on GSCM\". To verify its adherence to the real world, five cases were analyzed in supply chains with high environmental impact. It was found that: (a) a company few had adopted GSCM practices motivated by compliance with strict environmental legislation; (b) a company had adopted an average number of GSCM practices, especially those relating to investment returns, driven by cost saving; (c) and three companies had adopted a large number of GSCM practices, having in common the adoption of GSCM practices types of internal environmental management, waste reduction and risk minimization and communication, motivated by obtaining competitive advantages. It was found a sensitive framework with the following classification levels of maturity on GSCM: (a) the first, reactive level GSCM with low adoption of GSCM practices motivated by legal restrictions; (b) the second level (preventive) GSCM, mean adopting GSCM practices, primarily related to saving costs; (c) and the third, (proactive) level in GSCM, where there is the search for competitive advantages. Additionally it was found a kind of pattern in the adoption of GSCM practices by firms, linked to each level of maturity in GSCM. It is believed that this evolutionary pattern of GSCM can be used by organizational leaders or public officials to foster the adoption of GSCM practices. This work, so far as is known to the author and to reveal where systematic searches conducted with the Web of Science and Scopus data bases, is the first study to relate maturity levels of environmental management practices of GSCM, applied to five cases with high impact environmental Brazil.

abstract: Firms are increasingly being held accountable for the unsustainable actions of their suppliers. Stakeholders, regulatory agencies, and customers alike are calling for increased levels of transparency and higher standards of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance for suppliers. While it is apparent that supplier performance is important, it remains unclear how the stock market weighs the CSR performance of a supplier relative to that of a focal firm. This dissertation focuses on whether these relative differences exist. In addition to capturing the magnitude of the difference in market impact between focal firm and supplier CSR events; I analyze the ways in which these differences have changed over time. To capture this evolution, CSR events ranging over a period from 1994 to 2013 are examined. This research utilizes an event study methodology in which the announcement of over 2,300 CSR events are identified and analyzed to determine the subsequent stock market reaction. I find that while the market evaluated negative supplier CSR events less harshly than events occurring at the buying firm in the early years of the sample, by the turn of the millennium this “supplier discounting" had disappeared. The analysis is broken down by CSR event "type". Findings demonstrate that negative CSR events, particularly those revolving around worker or customer safety, generate the most significant abnormal return. The findings of this dissertation produce valuable managerial insights along with interpretation. Resources are scarce, and understanding where a firm might best allocate their resources to avoid financial penalties will be valuable information for corporate decision makers. These findings present clear evidence that some of these resources should be allocated to supplier CSR performance, not just towards the CSR performance of the focal firm. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2016

Orientador: Edmundo Roberto Mauro Madeira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T15:14:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Baccarin_Evandro_D.pdf: 3949011 bytes, checksum: aa6011cac2ac6074381b822a55e26fa3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Uma cadeia produtiva agropecuária 'e constituída por diversos tipos de atores que estabelecem uma rede de relacionamentos bastante complexa. Estes relacionamentos variam de ad hoc e de curta duração até altamente estruturado e de longa duração. As cadeias produtivas agropecuárias possuem algumas particularidades, tais como, regulamentação estrita e dependência cultural, e possuem relevância social e econômica. A utilização de contratos 'e a forma natural para expressar os relacionamentos entre os membros de uma cadeia. Desta forma, contratos e a atividade de negociá-los são de grande importância numa cadeia produtiva. Esta tese propõe um modelo para cadeias produtivas agropecuárias que integra suas principais características, incluindo seus aspectos estruturais e sua dinâmica. Em particular, a tese propõe um formato para contratos multi-laterais e um protocolo de negociação que os constrói. Contratos multi-laterais são importantes neste contexto, pois vários atores de uma cadeia produtiva podem construir alianças que compreendem direitos e obrigações mútuos. Um conjunto de contratos bi-laterais não 'e adequado para tal propósito. A tese também apresenta uma implementação do protocolo de negócio baseado em serviços Web e numa máquina de workflow (YAWL) / Abstract: An agricultural supply chain comprises several kinds of actors that establish a complex net of relationships. These relationships may range from ad hoc and short lasting ones to highly structured and long lasting. This kind of chain has a few particularities like strict regulations and cultural influences, and presents a quite relevant economical and social importance. Contracts are the natural way of expressing relationships among members of a chain. Thus, the contracts and the activity of negotiating them are of major importance within a supply chain. This thesis proposes a model for agricultural supply chains that integrates seamlessly their main features, including their structure and their dynamics. Specifically, the thesis proposes a multi-party contract format and a negotiation protocol that builds such kind of contracts. Multi-party contracts are important in this context because several actors of a supply chain may build alliances comprising mutual rights and obligations. A set of bilateral contracts is not well-fitted for such a purpose. The thesis also presents an implementation of the negotiation protocol that builds on Web services and a workflow engine (YAWL) / Doutorado / Sistemas de Computação / Doutor em Ciência da Computação

Bakgrund Hållbarhetsarbete har aktualiserats inom samhället där intressenter och konsumenter förväntar sig ett hållbart ansvarstagande hos företag. I korrelation med denna ökning har även tillväxt av den digitala handeln satt extra press på företags försörjnings- och distributionskedjor för att möta kundens efterfrågan på kundservice samt förväntan om hållbarhet. Tidigare forskning visar på ett stort fokus på hållbarhet inom logistik men begränsat med litteratur gällande lagerverksamhet. Syfte Syftet med denna uppsats var att med utgångspunkt ur ett företagsperspektiv, granska hållbarhetsperspektivet vad gäller såväl operativa arbetsuppgifter som strategiska aktiviteter inom lagerverksamhet. Metod För att svara på frågeställningen utgår uppsatsen från en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. Datainsamlingen gjordes genom elva semistrukturerade intervjuer. Uppsatsen utgår ifrån företagsperspektiv och grundar sig i ett urval av svenska företag verksamma inom handel och logistik. Slutsats Uppsatsen visar på att det finns väletablerade arbetssätt inom social och ekonomisk hållbarhet. Däremot har de miljömässiga hållbarhetsinsatserna idag ingen tydlig uppföljning vad gäller lagerverksamhet, flera punktinsatser kan dock identifieras. Det framkommer en brist på tydliga bedömningsmodeller, förhållningssätt och uppföljning vad gäller miljö inom lagerverksamhet. Uppsatsen visar dock på ett tilltagande intresse för att fortsatt integrera lagerverksamhetens aktiviteter i företagens miljöarbete. / Background The focus on sustainability has increased in society, where stakeholders and consumers expect sustainable corporate responsibility. In correlation with this increase, growth of digital commerce put further pressure on corporate supply and distribution chains to meet customers' demand for customer service and the expectation of sustainability. Previous research show a strong focus on sustainability within logistics, but literature regarding warehousing in relations to sustainability is limited. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is based on a business perspective, to review the perspective of sustainability within operational tasks and strategic activities within warehouse operations. Method To answer the question, the essay is based on a qualitative research method. The data collection was done through 11 semi-structured interviews. The thesis applies a business perspective, hence the selection of representatives from Swedish companies active within commerce and logistic sector. Conclusion In conclusion, this essay shows a well-established way of working within measures and activities concerning social and economic sustainability. Further the thesis show deficiency regarding environmental sustainability where it shows a lack of indicators within the monitoring of ecologic improvements regarding warehousing. Despite this, several separate initiatives emerge within the continuous improvement concerning warehouse activities, where assessment models and approaches within environmental monitoring are requested. However, the studie show a growing interest in continuing to integrate warehousing operations into environmental development.

Title: Improved productivity in an automated ”pick and pack” process - Förbättrad produktivitet i en automatiserad plock- och packningsprocess – A case study at Staples Sweden AB Authors: Emelie Hjärtåker & Lovisa Berg Tutor: Petra Andersson Examiner: Helena Forslund Background: There is a lot of research within automated warehouse and especially about storage layout but no research that are including the functions within the process and how they beneficially should interact with each other. At the same time companies strives for improved productivity which might be easier to reach with a process orientated view rather than a function based view. Even if many companies constantly strives for an improved productivity there is often potential for improvements where an amended work procedure may be the answer. Purpose: The study’s purpose is to describe Staples current productivity and identify waste within the automated ”pick and pack” process with help of a process map.  With the identified wastes improvements will be suggested to reach productivity improvements. At least the study to find to which extent a buffer function can improve productivity in an automated ”pick and pack” process. Method: This study is a case study at Staples. Data has been collected by unstructured and semi structured interviews and participant observations. The aim of the study is to purpose improvements within productivity by improvements suggestions and to show how productivity potential may increase by changing the work procedure and by view the process as one mutual process by a test, measurements and calculations. Conclusions: A buffer function can with changes in the work procedure conduct to productivity improvements. The authors states that companies need to view the process productivity as a common goal and measure where the functions together work to achieve the same main goal. By analyzing patterns within purchase and packaging a company can with the help of measurements see which work procedure beneficially the automated ”pick and pack” process productivity most. Furthermore the work procedure needs to be easily be communicated out to the staff with encouragements for the implementation to be successful. / Titel: Förbättrad produktivitet i en automatiserad plock- och packningsprocess - En fallstudie på Staples Sweden AB Författare: Emelie Hjärtåker & Lovisa Berg Handledare: Petra Andersson Examinator: Helena Forslund Bakgrund: Det finns mycket forskning inom automatiserade lager med fokusering på lager och layout men ingen som visar på hur automatiserad lager förhåller sig till närliggande funktionerna. Många företag strävar idag efter ökad produktivitet vilket kan bli enklare att uppnå med ett processorienterat synsätt istället för ett funktionsbaserat synsätt. Även om många företag ständigt strävar efter ökad produktivitet så finns det ofta potential för förbättringar och där kan ett justerat arbetssätt vara svaret. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att redogöra för Staples produktivitet och identifiera vilka slöserier som finns i den nuvarande automatiserade plock- och packningsprocessen genom en processkartläggning. Med hjälp av de identifierade slöserierna ska förbättringsförslag tas fram till hur dessa kan åtgärdas för ökad produktivitet. Avslutningsvis skall studien utföra ett test för att identifiera i vilken omfattning en försörjande funktion kan förbättra produktiviteten i en automatiserad plock- och packningsprocess. Genomförande: Studien som genomförts är en fallstudie på Staples. Data har blivit insamlat genom semistrukturerade och ostrukturerade intervjuer samt deltagande observationer. Målet med studien har varit att föreslå produktivitetsförbättringar dels genom förbättringsförslag och dels genom att visa att produktiviteten potentiellt kan öka genom att justera arbetssättet och se processen som enhetlig vilket visualiseras med hjälp av test, mätningar och beräkningar. Slutsats: En försörjande funktion kan med justering leda till förbättrad produktivitet inom en automatiserad plock- och packningsprocess. Författarna menar att företag måste behandla processens produktivitet som ett gemensamt mål och mått där funktionerna arbetar tillsammans mot samma mål. Med hjälp av att analysera köp-, förpackning och brytmönster på artiklar kan företag få fram med hjälp av mätningar vilket arbetssätt som gynnar den automatiserade plock- och packningsprocessens produktivitet mest. Vidare måste arbetssättet enkelt förmedlas ut och uppmuntras till medarbetare inom funktionen för att implementeringen ska vara möjlig.