In the organization environment, supervisor is the most closely person in subordinates' working interpersonal network. Supervisors and subordinates have different responsibility in the organization. In order to make subordinates complete task successfully, supervisors usually have the important mission to motivate subordinates behaviors. From the past research results shows that subordinates perceived supervisor support will affect job satisfaction, job involvement, job performance,etc. Therefore how to make subordinates feel supervisors' care, trust and support, which usually is an important key to open subordinates' inner mind. It's also that this research want to discuss subject. This research use the critical incident method to interview different seniority subordinates to understand supervisor¡¦s support / non support behavior , subordinates' emotions, follow-up reaction, and what opinion about supervisor .It also intersect analyse the correlation between behavior, reaction and opinion. Summarized the results of this research, the following conclusions as below, 1. When subordinates perceived supervisor support, whatever emotion, reaction and opinion about supervisor are all positive, active and affirmative. On the contrary , when subordinates perceived supervisor not support, it will increase turnover intention. 2.When subordinates perceived supervisor not support, their emotion and behavior are not consistent. Subordinates easily have emotional labor. 3.Junior subordinates have more positive reaction than senior subordinates to face supervisor not support behavior even they have negative emotions Finally, the discussion of the research results, this study understand what supervisor support behaviors that subordinates concerned. That also can motivate subordinates¡¦ behavior in their work or organization environment. On the other hand, we can also know supervisor not support behaviors will bring negative effect. This study can give supervisor behavior reference to manage their staff in the organization and contribute to enhance the relationship between supervisors and subordinates and organizational development.

Since the economic cooperation and relaxation in politic between the Two Coasts, their relationships were getting closer. That included more active in marriage, corporate investment, education, academic discussion and tourism. Especially after the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) being signed in 2010, the relationships had been developed from politically mutual understanding to legal relationship in administration contract binding. Such model was different from Hong Kong or Macao. Since the relationship had changed from opposing to cooperation for mutual benefits, the economy was receiving more advantages and the political environment was more stable of which the development of economic was highly relying on this. As a result of the active economic cooperation of the Two Coasts, the marriage and residency between the Two Coasts were also increased. The acceptance of students from mainland to study in Taiwan caused mainland student population increased rapidly. The frequent and complex exchanges between the Two Coasts attracted certain parties trying to take illegal benefit by improper acts. They tried to make use on the differences in security and legal policies to avoid from investigation. Typical examples are the crime involved serious injury, fraud and economic offenses that affected the social orders of the Two Coasts. Policing System covered a wide scope from government organization, establishment of police force, residency, transport, communication, port services¡K etc to the investigation of criminal cases. No matter which point of view was taking from, the ¡§Community Policing¡¨ was always the foundation of Police Administration. It represented the ¡§peripheral organization¡¨ and ¡§integrated individual execution unit¡¨ under the huge police structure. The community residents¡¦ impressions on the Police Organisation were mostly coming from the ¡§Community Policing¡¨. Hence, citizen¡¦s understanding on Policing would be started from ¡§Community Policing¡¨. Nowadays the society was built with the city. The society¡¦s security was highly replying on the city¡¦s security. At the same time, the city¡¦s security was dependent on the non-existence of criminal acts from the ¡§Community¡¨. It showed that ¡§Community Policing¡¨ was of high importance to the National Security and the peaceful of the Society. The above statements formed the basic in this research. This research started from literature review in history, definition and the content of Community Policing. That focused in the worldwide Community Policing Policy, in particularly Japan and US, in terms of policy design and administration. In Chapter 3 Research Design Section, a review was conducted which was based on Professor Wang Ming Seng¡¦s Public Affair Management (PAM) and supported by the theory under SDM. This review analyzed the demand and its strength on Community Policing at different stages in history under different conditions. Such conclusion formed the comparison and cooperation basis between the Two Coasts in terms of social economy, legal framework, government policy and organization management. Then the public value of Community Policing was reviewed using public value V.C.S. theory. If the development and exchange between the Two Coasts generate public value, Governments of the Two Coasts can then make decision in cooperation accordingly. When the Governments promoting the cooperation between the Two Coasts in Community Policing, due to a wide consideration range and involved several areas of concern, it was necessary to unify the analysis by cross boundary analysis theory. The root problem could then be identified and decision proposal could be made according to the decision and judgment theory. On the other hand, such decision could be affected by the special non-rational ideology and political election strategy of Southern Taiwan. It tried to lead group behavior of Southern Taiwan so as to achieve personal political benefits. During the cross boundary analysis, the success rating of analysis and suggested proposals could be determined in ten steps with study behind the ideology. After strict theory analysis, the Community Policing practices of Kaohsiung City and Shanghai City were reviewed. Finally, the author summarized the findings from cooperation topics between the Two Coasts and offered suggestions to some queries under the findings. That formed references to interested parties in the production, government and academic organizations.

The present study explored the prevalence and patterns of nonparental social support and investigated the effect of such support for 363 ethnically diverse elementary and middle school students. Using a prospective design, the study examined the effect of the availability of significant nonparental adult support as well as the effect of learning and affective support on students' academic achievement (reading and math) and academic outcomes (academic competence beliefs, classroom engagement, and school belonging), controlling for the baseline levels of functioning, cognitive ability, and demographic variables. The main and interactive effects of sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status were also examined. Furthermore, the study investigated the moderating effect of middle school transition on the relationship between the support variables and outcomes. A large majority of young adolescents in the current study reported having a significant nonparental adult or natural mentor. There was no racial or ethnic difference in the availability of natural mentors. A sex difference was found, with more female students reporting having such an adult. Extended family members were most frequently nominated as natural mentors by all students, but there was a statistically significant ethnic difference with more Hispanic and African American youths nominating extended family members than Caucasian students. Furthermore, 35% of natural adult mentors named by youth were employed in helping professions, more than in any other employment category, and nearly half of these adults were teachers. The availability of natural mentors had statistically significant and positive effects on female students' math achievement and both male and female students' reading achievement. The provision of learning and affective support from these adults exhibited additive effects on students' teacher-reported classroom engagement and interactive effects on student-reported academic competence beliefs and school belonging. These findings were often qualified by sex and in some instances ethnicity. Furthermore, there was some support for the moderating effect of middle school transition; however, the effect was in a negative direction for students who had recently transitioned to middle school. Study limitations and implications for formal mentoring programs, extracurricular activities, teacher training and educational policy are also discussed.

Childhood cancer has obvious impacts on the children themselves, but also has impacts on their families and siblings. While studies have been conducted on the impacts of cancer on children and their parents, there has been limited consideration of the impacts of cancer on healthy siblings. Some studies have suggested that siblings of children with cancer are the most emotionally disregarded and distressed of all family members as a result of their sibling having cancer. Exposure to stress has a negative impact on the immune system and places siblings at risk for health problems. Thus, finding mechanisms to ameliorate stress are critical. Early intervention and treatment may serve as protective factors against risky behavior and lead to more normative child development and well-being. One method of improving the psychosocial adjustment of siblings of children with cancer has been through interventions such as camp experiences that include opportunities for campers to experience social support. There is a need to better understand the efficacy of intervention programs designed to reduce stress across a variety of settings. The focus of this study was if campers experience social support (emotional, informational, and instrumental) at a three and one-half day residential camp, and the elements of camp campers’ identified as leading to social support. Participant observations of camp and semi-structured interviews with selected campers were used to help gain insights concerning the impact of the camp experience on siblings of children with cancer. Coding of responses was undertaken, which led to the identification of themes and subthemes. Findings provided a narrative description of how campers perceived social support. In addition, social comparison was identified as a critical mechanism for meeting camper’s biological, physiological and behavioral needs. Overarching perceptions of campers were that people at camp were nice and staff was instrumental in facilitating universality and a cycle of reciprocity. Implications of this study suggest intentionally designed camps have the ability to impact a broad range of attitudes and behaviors. The study also supports theory of how structures and processes of social relationships work in relation to good health; and can be applied to a camp setting.

This study examines the factors that impact the utilization of formal support services by Hispanic informal caregivers caring for a person with Alzheimer Disease and related disorders (ADRD) and utilizes data from the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer Caregiver’s Health (REACH) project. The current study examines potential factors that influence the utilization of formal support services and areas of unmet need for Hispanic caregivers. This study also examines the intra-heterogeneity of Hispanic caregivers. To examine utilization of services by Hispanic caregivers, a model for service utilization was analyzed using structural equation modeling. To examine potential group differences between Cuban and non-Hispanic Cuban caregivers, multigroup structural equation modeling was conducted with a covariance structure of variables of interest. The results of the study did not support this first hypothesis which examines factors that influence service utilization. Only one of the predictors, level of education, was found to be significantly correlated with service utilization. The results of the study supported the second hypothesis that Cuban Hispanic and non-Cuban Hispanic caregivers were not equivalent across the set of predictor variables examined. A significant finding, however, was that caregiver psychological distress and the care recipient’s health status were significantly correlated to service utilization for the non-Cuban Hispanic caregivers, but not for the Cuban Hispanic caregivers. Treatment implications for this study are that homogenous interventions may not be able to meet the needs of this diverse population. It will be important for interventions and services developed for Hispanic populations to include education about Alzheimer’s disease symptoms, progression of the disease, and services available to meet the caregiver and care recipient needs throughout the duration of the caregiving experience. Based on the results of this study, it is important for treatment providers to assist caregivers to increase awareness of opportunities for service utilization. It is important for the psychologist to be mindful the difficulty of seeking services for all home-based caregivers, particularly lower educated Hispanic caregivers. Service providers should work to understand the worldview and the perspective of caregiving that may vary between the different ethnic groups that fall under the Hispanic umbrella.

In our research, we propose two improve methods for detection of dominant points for a digitized curve. Instead of setting a fixed length of support region, it will compute the suitable length of support region for each point to find the best approximated curvature. First, the symmetric region of support for each point on curve is determined using diagonal value. The points with local maximum averaging diagonal value can be located as the dominant points on the curve. Second, the improve method uses an optimal criterion for determining the asymmetric region of support of each boundary point, and a new mechanism for selecting the dominant points.

This research is aimed to look into the relevance between job stress and job performance of Kaohsiung City Government employees, and to observe whether social support will have an effect on this. This research will serve as a reference for people in charge of making policies. Documents will serve as the basis for research, as well as some statistical methods such as conducting the poll through questionnaires, factor analysis, descriptive statistic, T test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, regression analysis and other relevant analyses. There are several discoveries based on these analyses and studies: 1. The job stress of the employees of Kaohsiung City Government comes from the nature of work and structural specialty. 2. The highest level within the various levels of the job performance of Kaohsiung City Government employees is the mission efficiency, which shows the same result as the opinion poll does. 3. Gender serves as an obvious difference when it comes to job stress, which shows that female feels more about that than male. 4. Schooling record also serves as an obvious difference when it comes to job stress. In the part of structural specialty, employees owning master or higher degree usually have a bigger job stress than those owning senior or vocational high school diploma or below. 5. Social support and job stress have statistically negative influence, which means that more social support will reduce the causes of job stress. This view is also concurred by many scholars. 6. Job stress and job performance have statistically negative influence. This is also concurred by many scholars such as Schuler. 7. Social support does not have an influential effect between job stress and job performance, which means that social support does not have the effect of stress buffer as some scholars III such as Fenlason & Beehr claim. 8. The condition of marriage has an influential effect between job stress and job performance. Those who are married tend to have the phenomenon that the more job stress they have, the less job performance they achieve. It is the first time that this report is aimed to study the job stress of Kaohsiung City Government employees, and it affirms that social support, especially the support from the senior officer, will have the effect of decreasing job stress. The result of this research may serve as a policy reference for Kaohsiung City Government to raise the job performance of its employees.

As digitisation era will come, a large number of multimedia datas (image, video, etc.) are stored in the database by digitisation, and its retrieval system is more and more important. Video is huge in frames amount, in order to search effectively and fast, the first step will detect and examine the place where the scene changes in the video, cut apart the scene, find out the key frame from each scene, regard as analysis that the index file searches with the key frame. The scene changes the way and divides into the abrupt and the gradual transition. But in the video, even if in the same scene, incident of often violent movements or the camera are moving etc. happens, and obscure with the gradual transition to some extent. Thus this papper gets the main component from every frame in the video using principal component analysis (PCA), reduce the noise to interfere, and classify these feauture points with support vector clustering, it is the same class that the close feature points is belonged to. If the feature points are located between two groups of different datas, represent the scene is changing slowly in the video, detect scene change by this.

This study aims to explore the current operation, its effects and problems faced by the Sports Teams of public elementary schools in Kaohsiung. With the adoption of questionnaire, the study has investigated the opinions of the student's affair directors, sports group leaders, guiding coaches (the teachers) and the full-time coaches who have practically participated in the operation of sports teams of public elementary schools. The research tool of the study is ¡§A Questionnaire of Current Operation and Problems Faced by the Sports Teams of Public Elementary Schools in Kaohsiung.¡¨ There are 243 copies (from 81 schools) of the questionnaire have been retrieved. The retrieving percentage is 93.1. Through analyzing the statistical materials obtaining from the questionnaire, the following conclusions are made: 1. Most operators of the sports teams are male graduated from non-sports colleges. 2. In average, each school has 3.2 teams of different events with the track and field teams mostly. 3. The primary function of parents' support association is to increase the funds and resources for the sports teams. 4. Most of the guiding coaches are male with interest or specialty in sport. 5. Most of the team members are the voluntary students from different classes. 6. Most of the sports teams have training plans. 7. Most of the schools pay much attention to the counseling and the daily behaviors of team members. 8. The period of service of the sports team leader shows obvious relevance with the sports performance of the team. 9. The effects of carrying on the sports teams are outstanding. 10. Lack of inducement is the primary reason why the teachers will not to take the work of directing the sports teams. According to the research results and conclusions, the study offers suggestions separately to the educational administration institutes, the administrative units of school and future research.

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