Water management practices to reduce mass discharge are a major point of concern for aquaculture producers. This study assessed effects of consecutive low-grade weirs on chemical retention and settling of aquaculture pond effluent in a single drainage ditch. Two control and nine treatment discharges were conducted September - October 2012. Control discharge dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) load increased 154%, whereas total inorganic phosphorus (TIP), ammonia, and nitrate loads decreased (47%, 43%, and 63%, respectively). Treatment discharge nutrient loads decreased across all analytes (80% DIP, 86% TIP, 89% ammonia, 89% nitrate). However, control and treatment discharges concentrations of DIP and nitrate increased, whereas TIP and ammonia concentrations decreased. All discharges reduced total and volatile suspended solid loads 72% - 94%, with removal rates of 0.02 ± 0.01 mg/L/min total and 0.02 ± 0.001 mg/L/min volatile suspended solids. Results indicate ditches fit with low-grade weirs may be an innovative management practice.

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No / The suspended sediment transport capacity is important for estimating the suspended load concentration and the ecological environment of the river. So far, few studies have been conducted to investigate the suspended sediment transport capacity in the vegetated sediment-laden flow. In this study, a new formula is derived to predict the sediment transport capacity in a vegetated flow by considering the absolute value of the energy loss between the sediment-laden flow and the clear water flow. Finally, the formula is expressed in a practical form by using the logarithmic matching method.

Estuaries are valuable ecosystems that are easily affected by human activities within the watershed. One determinant of water quality for in an estuary is the presence of suspended sediments. The use of satellite sensors to remotely sense visible and near-infrared reflectance allows for suspended particulate matter (SPM) and suspended particulate inorganic matter (SPIM) concentrations to be monitored on a repetitive synoptic scale. Previously presented algorithms for relating remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) and SPM/SPIM concentrations were evaluated for the Weeks Bay estuary in Alabama. Additionally, numerous potential SPM/SPIM concentration retrieval algorithms using the Landsat-8 satellite were determined through regression analysis, as well as through the consideration of the inherent optical properties of the water body. The most robust empirical algorithm produced an RMSE of 12.50% and utilized the band combination of Ln(Band4)/Ln(Band3), while the most robust semi-analytical algorithm produced an RMSE of 16.34% and utilized the band combination of Band4/Band3.

This paper analyses the phenomenon of Suspended Affixation (SA) which refers to a situation in coordinated constructions when affixes on the final conjunct have scope over all the non-final conjuncts. The main goal of this paper is to look at the structure of SA for Noun Compound Coordination and to find out how pl and poss suffixes behave regarding suspension. Previous studies have shown that in N and NP coordination poss cannot be suspended leaving pl on the non-final conjunct. This study tests the suspendability of poss in the context of Noun Compound coordination. Since SA seems to represent gradient judgment data two acceptability judgment studies were conducted to find out the (un)grammaticality of Noun Compound constructions. The results show that pl and poss suffixes cannot be suspended for independent reasons. The suspendability of poss does not depend on the presence/absence of pl in the structure due to its structural position. This article proposes an analysis of SA in N and NP coordination which represents a combination of two approaches on SA already proposed in literature and is based on the idea of Parallel Merge proposed by Citko (2005). SA in N and NP coordination is considered to be a coordination of fully inflected conjuncts where the inflections are parallel-merged with two conjuncts (final and non-final). I show that due to the structure of Noun Compound coordination constructions, pl and poss cannot be parallel-merged because of a minimality condition: a non-final conjunct has to be a Minimal Morphological Word.

With the rapid growth in the wireless industry there has been increasing demand to make devices with better performance. This means lower power, lower voltage, smaller, and in general more efficient. This has lead to the interest in and necessity for good quality passive components. Good quality passive components make better filters, baluns, voltage controlled oscillators, and matching networks. There has been a lot of work over the last ten years focused on improving the quality of inductors. Typical inductors fabricated on silicon have Q factors of approximately 10. This is because silicon is conductive and therefore acts like a lossy ground plane and develops interfering currents. Improvements that have been attempted include thicker metal layers, thicker dielectric layers, patterned ground shields, as well as using multiple metal layers. These methods, however, still do not improve inductors to the quality of those built on insulating substrates such as glass. The main successful attempt on silicon has been where the inductor coil is released so that it is in the air supported by posts. In some work the inductor coil is raised 50 to 100??m above the underpass by methods like etching or photoresist molding. The suspended inductor approach was applied to an insulating substrate to fabricate and characterize unique suspended inductors and transformers. Inductors were released to have 1??m of air underneath the coil by the use of a release etch. Transformers were made in a similar way except two released layers where used. The top coil, done in plated gold, was released as well as an interconnection layer. Such a small air gap and the transformers with two released metal layers are a couple of the unique features of this thesis work. The devices were characterized up to 20GHz before and after release. An improvement in the peak Q factor (up to 70), as well as in the self-resonance frequency (up to 4GHz higher) was noticed after release. This is expected due to the reduction in parasitics. The results were then compared with simulations and a couple closed form expressions, both of which were able to give a reasonable accuracy. There was also success in getting good high frequency transformers. Even though some good high-Q inductors were fabricated as part of this thesis, there is still further work that can be done. This includes packaging, integration with capacitors, and further optimization.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / The Navy's CASS/GRAB sonar model is used to accurately simulate a side-scan sonar image with a mine-like object present through its reverberation characteristics. The acoustic impact of a suspended sediment layer is investigated numerically using CASS/GRAB through changing the volume scattering characteristics of the lower water column. A range of critical values of volume scattering strength were discovered through repeated model simulations. An understanding of the acoustic characteristics of suspended sediment layers can aid the Navy in the detection of mines that might exist within these layers. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

Thesis advisor: Gail Kineke / Turbidity maxima are areas of elevated suspended-sediment concentration commonly found at the head of the salt intrusion in partially-mixed estuaries. The suspended-sediment distribution in the Connecticut River estuary was examined to determine where turbidity maxima exist and how they form. Areas of enhanced suspended-sediment concentration were found to exist at all phases of the tide near the head of the salt intrusion as well as downstream of this point in deeper parts of the estuarine channel. These areas are locations where peaks in the longitudinal salinity gradient exist, suggesting the presence of a front, or zone of flow convergence. During flood conditions there is a layer of landward-flowing water in the middle of the water column that decelerates upon entering deep parts of the estuary; thus enhancing particle settling. During ebb conditions, stratification and therefore settling from surface waters is enhanced. The combination of processes acting throughout the tidal cycle focuses and, potentially, traps sediment in the deeper parts of the Connecticut River estuary. / Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: Geology & Geophysics Honors Program. / Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences.

Modernamente os cabos vêm sendo empregados como elemento portante de coberturas de grandes vãos - as coberturas pênseis. É finalidade deste trabalho a apresentação da análise estática de cabos livremente suspensos, visando à sua aplicação nestas coberturas. Realiza-se o estudo de cabos - submetidos a carregamento estático uniformemente distribuído em todo o seu vão, a variações de temperatura e a deslocamentos de seus apoios - através do Processo Analítico (equações diferenciais) e do Processo dos Deslocamentos (rigidez tangente). Considera-se a não linearidade geométrica e admite-se a linearidade física. A comparação e análise dos resultados destes processos de cálculo são feitas através de experimentação numérica. / Nowadays cables have been utilized as a resistant element in roofs of large dimensions, the hanging roofs. The objective of this work is to present the static analysis of suspended cables, aiming their application in roofs. A study of cables subjected to static uniform load distributed on the length, variations of temperature and displacements of the supports is done through Analytical Process (differential equations) and Stiffness Process (tangent stiffness). Geometrical non-linear analysis is allowed and physical linear analysis is admitted. The results are compared and analysed through numerical experimentation.

Modernamente os cabos vêm sendo empregados como elemento portante de coberturas de grandes vãos - as coberturas pênseis. É finalidade deste trabalho a apresentação da análise estática de cabos livremente suspensos, visando à sua aplicação nestas coberturas. Realiza-se o estudo de cabos - submetidos a carregamento estático uniformemente distribuído em todo o seu vão, a variações de temperatura e a deslocamentos de seus apoios - através do Processo Analítico (equações diferenciais) e do Processo dos Deslocamentos (rigidez tangente). Considera-se a não linearidade geométrica e admite-se a linearidade física. A comparação e análise dos resultados destes processos de cálculo são feitas através de experimentação numérica. / Nowadays cables have been utilized as a resistant element in roofs of large dimensions, the hanging roofs. The objective of this work is to present the static analysis of suspended cables, aiming their application in roofs. A study of cables subjected to static uniform load distributed on the length, variations of temperature and displacements of the supports is done through Analytical Process (differential equations) and Stiffness Process (tangent stiffness). Geometrical non-linear analysis is allowed and physical linear analysis is admitted. The results are compared and analysed through numerical experimentation.