iDuring the past twenty years, China has been making dramatic progress in both the quality and the quantity of collective housing construction. However, many old problems still exist, and many more new problems have emerged, especially in some historical and compact but now fastgrowing cities, such as Suzhou, a 2500-year historic city with more than one million people.The objective of this study is to explore a design strategy to improve the collective dwelling environment --- the most popular dwelling type in China today --- in such a fast growing context. In order to provide an improvement in urban dwelling environments for residents, it is necessary to rethink the interaction between the individual resident and his or her dwelling. "Because building a house is a cultural phenomenon, its form and organization are greatly influenced by the cultural milieu to which it belongs."' In concurrence with this statement, this study examines not only the contemporary urban situation and typical residential environment but also the traditional urban fabric and housing settlement.Based on the principle that a harmonious environment results from "a whole range of sociocultural factors"Z, this study seeks several equilibriums: between the urban tissue and the building, between the building and the dwelling, between nature and the human being. The author's longterm goal is to apply the knowledge gained in this study in future practice.In the first part of this report, theoretical research is presented concerning the evolution of Chinese housing. Narrowing its geographical focus, this study selects Suzhou, a medium-size city at Yangtze Delta --- one of the most rapidly growing and developing plains in China --- as the site for the study. The historical dwelling pattern and current public housing style have been studied. Drawing on extensive research and field observation, the scope of the study is confined to rebuilding the harmony between human beings in all their diversity and common needs, and the morphological, functional and environmental aspects of residential environments.In the second part, a design model is proposed. Inspired by traditional interdisciplinary design strategies, as well as by a brief study of contemporary social needs, the author has proposed a new housing type: bio-climatic "atrium type" collective housing. This type links bioclimatic design principles to the framework of Open Building. On this basis, an experimental design proposal is next presented. In a specific site, it examines a way to help people exercise control of their immediate living environment, with both individual and social sustainable perspectives in mind. / Department of Architecture

本文主要探讨苏州话的连续变调，研究范围限定为音译词和复合词这两类多音节词。通过对苏州话语料的详细考察，本文总结出苏州话多音节词连读变调存在三层变调行为：（i）首音节尽量保留原调;（ii）第二个音节的变调与首音节的单字调有关;（iii）其余音节负载一个低平调. / 本文针对舒声调为首音节的多音节词的变调规律，回答了如下问题：（i）苏州话连续变调为何存在三层变调行为，而非两层或者四层？（ii）首音节保持原调的变调行为及它较高的负载声调的能力是由什么决定的？（iii）其余音节所负载的变调是如何决定的？ / 经过分析，我们将苏州话的变调域确认为韵律词，其内部结构如下：每个韵律词的头两个音节构成一个左重双拍音步，剩余的音节不构成音步因而直接被韵律词所管辖。由此苏州话的三层变调行为可以通过这三类音节在韵律词中的不同地位来解释，即：（i）首音节是左重双拍步中的强音节; （ii）第二个音节是左重双拍步中的弱音节; （iii）其余音节因不属于音步而被韵律词直接管辖。 / 基于对苏州话韵律结构的分析，本文以优选论为框架从理论上统一解释苏州话的连续变调。首先忠实性制约条件“禁止删除强音节单字调和“禁止强音节单字调变化 解释了首音节尽量保留原调的变调行为。其次，“禁止复杂仄调“，“禁止升调“和“禁止弱音节负载仄调这些简约性制约条件解释了现今苏州话连读变调模式中不允许出现复杂仄调，升调和非首音节仄调的现象。再次，“尾音节连接低调解释了连读变调后韵律词尾音节所负载的低平调。 / 本文通过对音译词和复合词的分类考察，补充了前人对苏州话连读变调现象的描述。而且在以往理论研究的基础上，本文论证了苏州话的连读变调是由它的韵律结构所决定的，由此补足了苏州话变调现象的理论解释。最后，本文对苏州话的分析也进一步印证了韵律结构的层级关系和韵律单位是人类语言所共有的，但韵律单位的构建在不同语言中则各有不同。 / This thesis presents an optimality-theoretic account of Suzhou tone sandhi from a prosodic perspective. By investigating transliterations and compounds, we find a three-way distinction of tone sandhi behavior within a tone sandhi domain: (i) the initial syllable has the ability to retain its citation tone; (ii) the second syllable carries a sandhi level tone related to the citation tone in the initial syllable; and (iii) the remaining syllables carry a low level tone. / Focusing on the tone sandhi patterns with initial long tones, we answer the following research questions: (i) what determines the existence of a three-way distinction of tone sandhi behavior, rather than a two-way or four-way one? (ii) what determines the tone stability and the greater tone-bearing ability of the initial syllable? and (iii) how are the sandhi tones in the non-initial syllables determined? / The tone sandhi domain in Suzhou Chinese is identified as the prosodic word, which contains a single left-headed binary foot and unfooted syllables. The three-way distinction is then captured by the three prosodic states in a prosodic word: (i) the strong syllable in the left-headed binary foot within the prosodic word, (ii) the weak syllable in this foot, and (iii) the syllables which are unfooted and immediately dominated by the prosodic word. / Based on the analysis of Suzhou prosodic structure, our account of Suzhou tone sandhi is formulated within the framework of Optimality Theory. First, ranking the positional faithfulness constraints with reference to strong syllables higher than the context-free faithfulness constraints guarantees the tone stability of the initial syllables. Second, the undominated markedness constraints which require no complex contour tone and no rising tone trigger contour tone reduction and tone redistribution. Another undominated markedness constraint which requires no contour tone in weak syllables ensures no contour tones in a weak syllable, i.e. a non-initial syllable in Suzhou Chinese. Third, the final low level tone in the sandhi patterns is determined by the markedness constraint which requires low tone assignment in the rightmost syllable of a prosodic word. / This thesis complements the descriptive studies on Suzhou tone sandhi, by adding the data of transliterations and investigating compounds according to the morphological relations. It also confirms the idea in previous theoretical studies on Chinese languages that prosodic structure governs tone sandhi, including the tone stability in strong syllables and the greater tone-bearing ability of strong syllables. This thesis further corroborates the idea in Prosodic Phonology that the prosodic hierarchy and its constituent are universal, though the precise shape of the constituent are language-specific. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Shi, Xinyuan. / "November 2012." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.I / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.I / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- OVERVIEW --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- PRELIMINARY: PHONETIC INVENTORIES OF SUZHOU CHINESE --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: OPTIMALITY THEORY --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Basic principles --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Conflicts between markedness and faithfulness --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Alignment constraints --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- ORGANIZATION --- p.10 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- INVESTIGATION OF TONE SANDHI PATTERNS IN SUZHOU CHINESE --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES ON TONAL PHONOLOGY OF SUZHOU CHINESE --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Citation tones --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Tone sandhi --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Interim summary --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2 --- TONE SANDHI PATTERNS IN SUZHOU CHINESE: THE CURRENT INVESTIGATION . --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Tone sandhi patterns in transliterations --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Tone sandhi patterns beginning with long tones --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Tone sandhi patterns beginning with short tones --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Tone sandhi patterns in compounds --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Tone sandhi patterns in compounds I: modification --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Tone sandhi patterns in compounds II: coordination --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Tone sandhi patterns in compounds III: other morphological relations --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Intra-variations in disyllabic compounds: [HL.L]~[HL.H] --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Inter-speaker variations in compounds: [LL.H]~[LH.H] --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.2.6 --- Tone sandhi in a group of frequently used compounds --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Tone sandhi in fast tempo --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3 --- SUMMARY --- p.53 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- PREVIOUS STUDIES OF TONE SANDHI IN CHINESE LANGUAGES --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1 --- STUDIES OF THE REPRESENTATION OF TONE WITHIN THE SPE FRAMEWORK --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Wang’s (1967) ground-breaking proposal of tone features --- p.58 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Woo’s (1969) proposal of decomposing contour tones --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Yip’s (1980) proposal of two pitch heights in each register --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Interim summary --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2 --- STUDIES OF TONE SANDHI IN NORTHERN WU WITHIN THE METRICAL-AUTOSEGMENTAL FRAMEWORK --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Duanmu’s (1990) moraic analysis of tone re-association in New Shanghai --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Ao’s (1993) identification of tone sandhi domain in Nantong Chinese --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Interim summary --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3 --- STUDIES OF TONAL DISTRIBUTION WITHIN OT FRAMEWORK --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Jiang-King’s (1996) tone-syllable weight correlation in Northern Min --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Zhang’s (2001) tone-duration correlation in typological survey --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Interim summary --- p.74 / Chapter 3.4 --- SUMMARY --- p.76 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- AN OPTIMALITY THEORETICAL ACCOUNT OF TONE SANDHI IN SUZHOU CHINESE --- p.77 / Chapter 4.1 --- IDENTIFYING THE TONE SANDHI DOMAIN --- p.78 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Identifying prosodic word as the tone sandhi domain --- p.78 / Chapter 4.1.1.1 --- Brief introduction of the prosodic hierarchy --- p.78 / Chapter 4.1.1.2 --- Prosodic categories relevant to Suzhou tone sandhi --- p.80 / Chapter 4.1.1.3 --- Construction of prosodic word in Suzhou Chinese --- p.82 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Identifying morpho-syntactic unit as the tone sandhi domain --- p.86 / Chapter 4.1.2.1 --- Inadequacy of identifying morphological unit as the tone sandhi domain --- p.89 / Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- The relation between tone sandhi domains and morphological units --- p.91 / Chapter 4.1.2.3 --- Mismatch between tone sandhi domain and syntactic unit --- p.93 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Interim summary --- p.95 / Chapter 4.2 --- CONSTRAINTS ON SUZHOU TONE SANDHI PATTERNS --- p.96 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Constraints on the structure of the prosodic word --- p.96 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Constraints on tone retention --- p.99 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Constraints on contour tone prohibition --- p.101 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Constraint on tonal assignment --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3 --- PREDICTING TONE SANDHI PATTERNS BY CONSTRAINT RANKING --- p.104 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Predicting tone sandhi patterns in transliterations --- p.104 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Predicting tone sandhi patterns in compounds --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Intra-speaker variations in compounds: [HL.L]~[HL.H] --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- Inter-speaker variations in compounds: [LL.H]~[LH.L] --- p.113 / Chapter 4.3.2.4 --- Tone sandhi in fast speech tempo --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4 --- SUMMARY --- p.119 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- CONCLUSION --- p.120 / LIST OF REFERENCES --- p.125

The thesis deals with the changes of the Chinese garden during the Ming dynasty. It examines the changes in decoration, function and conception of private, literati gardens. It tracks the transformation of the Ming garden from a production land into a precious piece of art. In search of the causes of these changes, the thesis emphasizes the pre-conditioning of the garden's shape by its economic and social functions.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 98-103).

This thesis examines and explains multinational employers' experiences of localized shortages of skilled process workers in Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP), China. It explains three challenges facing SIP employers in accessing sufficient skilled process workers and their responses within HRM to such challenges. These three challenges are employers' experiences with vocational education and training (VET) deficiencies in students' skill development, employers' experiences of poaching of skilled process workers by other companies, and employers' experiences of provision of workplace training for skilled process workers in their own companies. In response to these challenges, SIP employers have adopted various HRM measures that include differing combination of recruitment and selection, employee retention, training and development, and employment relations management. These policies and practices represent the different ways that SIP employers have attempted to meet the challenges of localized skill shortages in the context of their own business strategies.

This thesis examines and explains multinational employers' experiences of localized shortages of skilled process workers in Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP), China. It explains three challenges facing SIP employers in accessing sufficient skilled process workers and their responses within HRM to such challenges. These three challenges are employers' experiences with vocational education and training (VET) deficiencies in students' skill development, employers' experiences of poaching of skilled process workers by other companies, and employers' experiences of provision of workplace training for skilled process workers in their own companies. In response to these challenges, SIP employers have adopted various HRM measures that include differing combination of recruitment and selection, employee retention, training and development, and employment relations management. These policies and practices represent the different ways that SIP employers have attempted to meet the challenges of localized skill shortages in the context of their own business strategies.

朱穎. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院政治與行政學部, 1997. / 參考文獻: leaves 129-135. / Zhu Ying. / Chapter 第一章： --- 導論 --- p.7 / Chapter 一、 --- 現化化：世界性的潮流 --- p.7 / Chapter 二、 --- 東亞「四小龍」工業化戰略和措施 --- p.10 / Chapter 三、 --- 現代化：中國幾代人的探索 --- p.13 / Chapter 四、 --- 蘇州工業園區的嘗試 --- p.17 / Chapter 五、 --- 硏究焦點 --- p.22 / Chapter 六、 --- 硏究方法 --- p.23 / Chapter 七、 --- 章節安排 --- p.23 / Chapter 八、 --- 本硏究的意義 --- p.24 / Chapter 第二章： --- 改革開放的十字路口和經濟性特區的第二次創業 --- p.26 / Chapter 一、 --- 改革開放的十字路口和鄧小平南巡 --- p.26 / Chapter 二、 --- 經濟性特區區誕生背景 --- p.28 / Chapter 三、 --- 經濟性特區地位和作用 --- p.30 / Chapter 四、 --- 開發區存在的問題及發展方向 --- p.33 / Chapter 五、 --- 小結 --- p.37 / Chapter 第三章： --- 新加坡經驗的啓示和裕廊工業區模式 --- p.39 / Chapter 一、 --- 新加坡經驗的啓示 --- p.39 / Chapter 二、 --- 新加坡工業化槪況和特點 --- p.41 / Chapter 三、 --- 設立裕廊工業區的背景和目的 --- p.47 / Chapter 四、 --- 裕廊工業區白勺發展槪況和成 效 --- p.50 / Chapter 五、 --- 裕廊工業區的條件和特點 --- p.52 / Chapter 六、 --- 小結 --- p.61 / Chapter 第四章： --- 蘇州工業園區的決策過程和發展槪況 --- p.63 / Chapter ´ؤ、 --- 雙方合作動機 --- p.63 / Chapter 二、 --- 園區產生的決策過程 --- p.67 / Chapter 三、 --- 蘇州工業園區的區位 --- p.71 / Chapter 四、 --- 發展目標和規劃設想 --- p.75 / Chapter 五、 --- 目前的進展和開發前景 --- p.76 / Chapter 六、 --- 政策環境 --- p.77 / Chapter 七、 --- 中新雙方合作的制度機制 --- p.79 / Chapter 八、 --- 小結 --- p.79 / Chapter 第五章： --- 蘇州工業園區的開發和管理體制 --- p.81 / Chapter 一、 --- 蘇州工業園區的開發體制 --- p.81 / Chapter 二、 --- 蘇州工業園區的管理體制 --- p.90 / Chapter 三、 --- 小結 --- p.100 / Chapter 第六章： --- 蘇州工業園區的激勵和制約機制 --- p.101 / Chapter 一、 --- 蘇州工業園區的激勵機制 --- p.101 / Chapter 二、 --- 蘇州工業園區的制約機制 --- p.106 / Chapter 三、 --- 小結 --- p.112 / Chapter 第七章： --- 結論 --- p.113 / 附圖 --- p.120 / 附錄 --- p.125 / 參考文獻 --- p.129

This dissertation examines the development of Chinese art film in the 1990s. It explores the mechanisms that were conducive to the emergence of this art wave and its representative cinematic styles. Art film was a historically underdeveloped film practice in China, especially under the mass line-dominated Socialist film system. I argue that Chinese art cinema was fundamentally defined by the second art wave, which was flanked by the first art wave (the Fifth Generation Cinema) of the 1980s, and the full capitalization of the film industry in the new millennium. The key to understanding the second art wave was the paradoxical industrial process of the Socialist film system reform of the 1990s. The controlled top-down reform made the emergence of independent production possible while at the same time denying its legitimacy. As the result, the Chinese art film production breathed new life but was pushed from the mainstream to the realm of the alternative. In alliance with other youth subculture phenomena of the time, such as rock music and avant-garde art, art film came to be defined as a distinctive position in the field of Chinese film production in terms of the mode of production (mostly independent), distribution (international film festivals), and film style. Three styles are examined in detail in this dissertation: the documentary-inspired new realist style represented by films of Jia Zhangke, the modernistic expressionist style represented by films of He Jianjun, Zhang Ming, and others, and the style that falls in-between the new realist and expressionist style represented by early films of Zhang Yuan, Lou Ye, and Wang Xiaoshuai. / text

The rapid increase in car ownership has caused rigorous issues for people living in the major cities in China, which is observe from traffic pressure, the inconvenience of city travelling, and air pollution. While the fast development of digital service platforms based on the Internet provides an alternative approach to touch the problems, leading a researchable phenomenon, online car-sharing service in China. This paper strives to explore the impact of car sharing on millennial sustainability attitudes by using the daily service on apps to ‘drive less, share more’. The paper is conducted using mixed research methods in Suzhou, China. Principally, the researchers interviewed ten car- sharing consumers during shared ride. To ensure the creditability and reliability, the paper collected 326 online survey responses from local car-sharing platforms as comparable data. The results show that most millennials agree car-sharing service makes their traffic modes more convenient, and taking shared ride more compared to self-driving has a significant influence on social and environmental issues in cities. Also, some respondents present willingness or already take actions on giving up car ownerships. However, the result also emphasises the fundamental reasons for millennials to participate in car-sharing service, which is personalised service and reasonable price. The paper closes with three outcomes, sharing economy as ‘Development’, digital service as ‘Innovation’, and sustainability as ‘The future’. They not only enrich the current literature research between Millennials and sharing economy, but also promote further strategies for car-sharing companies with empirical data.

唐錦騰. / 論文(博士)--香港中文大學, 2000. / 附參考文獻. / 中英文摘要. / Available also through the Internet via Dissertations & theses @ Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Tang Jinteng. / Lun wen (bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2000. / Fu can kao wen xian. / Zhong Ying wen zhai yao.