The study originated from an independent evaluation of a Local Education Authority (LEA) project on multicultural education undertaken by a team of four teachers in two schools; a predominantly white, co-educational rural grammar school and a multi-racial, co-educational urban secondary modern. The thesis examines some key aspects of the conceptualisation, establishment, management and operationalisation of the project. The concepts of multicultural and antiracist education and the related research literature on their initiation in schools are considered. The procedures for the recruitment and selection of the project team are also examined along with the selection of the project schools, their organisation and ethos. The study focuses on the work of the team and their attempt to facilitate and initiate change at departmental and whole-school levels. The difficulty of the team's task and the complexity of racism are highlighted through a senior teacher's life history which examines his perspectives on 'race' and education. The research findings question the adoption of low-key multicultural approaches suggesting that they might marginalise the ability to address the issue of racism in schools and thus be counter-productive. Variables are also identified, in particular the occupational culture of teachers, which might have restricted the team's access to departments, the facilitation of collaborative teaching strategies and the implementation of whole-school policy. It is suggested that a team approach needs to be planned, executed and continually re-evaluated according to clear goals and shared objectives. It is also suggested that it might be advantageous for a team to possess subject-specific expertise and an ability to relate it to racism in the departmental curriculum. Moreover, throughout the process of change the issue of racism needs to remain explicit and, whenever possible, involve the black community in the decision-making process.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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1. Fiction. A young woman looses her lover as well as her best friend, and must learn to live on her own. Her brother, as well as music, nature and art, will help her through a painful mourning process. / 2. Critical analysis. This study shows how a little musical phrase from Vinteuil's sonata transforms, in Marcel Proust's Un amour de Swann, into a "real" woman representing Odette de Crecy, then becomes Swann's confident and, finally, appears as "the voice of truth", which will allow Swann to develop a new vision of life.

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Pesquisa de teoria literária sobre o romance Em busca do tempo perdido, de Marcel Proust. Tem como objetivo refletir sobre a unidade do romance Em busca do tempo perdido, por meio de uma análise da personagem de Charles Swann. Este trabalho principia pelo levantamento do projeto global do ciclo romanesco, a partir de um trecho d´A Prisioneira em que o narrador-protagonista estabelece dois tipos de unidade para a obra de arte: uma lógica e outra vital. O segundo capítulo expõe as dificuldades que esse projeto coloca: como criar uma obra artística que seja viva e aberta, ao mesmo tempo que coesa e íntegra? A resposta é encontrada nos vasos comunicantes, nas transversalidades capazes de dar ao ciclo romanesco, não uma unidade lógica, mas vital. O terceiro capítulo analisa um dos nós, um dos pontos para o qual convergem essas transversalidades: a personagem de Charles Swann. Por meio da reconstituição desta personagem, são discutidos aqui alguns temas importantes para o romance: a formação do artista, assim como a relação entre a arte e a vida. Vemos em seguida que, em contraponto a Swann, cuja trajetória é vista como uma vocação artística frustrada, a expressão do romance proustiano busca condensar as experiências de um indivíduo para se tornar escritor. Finalmente, o excerto reflete sobre o caráter realista do romance: tendo por base um ensaio de Antonio Candido, \"Realismo (via Marcel Proust)\", e levando em conta um acontecimento-chave para o escritor francês, analisamos aqui o papel desempenhado pelo caso Dreyfus na narrativa. A hipótese mais geral desta pesquisa é a de que certos temas, representados pela personagem do diletante Charles Swann e por seu engajamento no caso Dreyfus, tornam difícil o acabamento do romance e lhe dão uma forma crítica, polêmica, viva. Esta não retira sua unidade da perspectiva de um artista profissional, cujo ofício participa da divisão do trabalho e do conhecimento de nossa sociedade; mas vincula-se à percepção de um diletante, cujo ponto de vista conserva algo de maravilhoso e mágico para as criações artísticas, como se a arte oferecesse mais do que obras e fosse capaz de ensinar a ler a vida. Lembramos neste sentido que a narrativa proustiana, desde seu começo até seu final, acompanha o ponto de vista não de um artista formado, mas de um apaixonado pelo universo artístico: o protagonista que deseja criar uma obra de arte e a imagina capaz de organizar a vida à imagem de sua complexidade. / A literary theory research on Marcel Proust´s novel In Search of Lost Time. The objective is to discuss the unity of Proust´s novel through an analysis of Charles Swann´s character. The first chapter of this work is a survey of the novel\'s global project, taking a passage of The Captive as a starting point, where the novel\'s narrator identifies two kinds of unity for the work of art, a logical one and a vital one. We remind then some difficulties that this project brings along with it: how can we create a work of art which is open and live, as well as coherent and complete? The answer is found in the communicant vases, in the transversalities able to provide the novel with a vital unity, not a logical one. In the third chapter, we analyse one of the points into which these transversalities converge: Charles Swann´s character. By a reconstitution of this character, we discuss certain important motifs of Proust´s novel: the education of the artist, as well as the relationship between art and life. In comparison with Swann, who represents a frustrated artist, we recognize that Proust´s literary expression seeks to condense someone\'s experiences to become a writer in the actual society. Finally, in the last part, we study the realistic aspects of the novel, based on Candido´s essay, \"Realism (according to Proust)\", and, taking into account an important political experience for the writer, we review the role of Dreyfus\'s Affair in the narrative. The general hypothesis of this research is that some themes, represented by Charles Swann´s diletantisme and his political engagement at the Affair, make it difficult to finish the novel and also give it a critical, polemical and live form. This form does not take its unity from a professional artist´s perspective, which participates in the division of the work and knowledge of our society, but from the dilettante condition, which point of view preserves something magical and wonderful for the artistic creations, as if art could give more than artworks and teach to read life. In this sense, we remind that Proust´s novel follows the point of view of a passionate for arts rather than a professional writer: the hero who wants to create a work of art and who believes it capable to organize the world at its complexity.

Pesquisa de teoria literária sobre o romance Em busca do tempo perdido, de Marcel Proust. Tem como objetivo refletir sobre a unidade do romance Em busca do tempo perdido, por meio de uma análise da personagem de Charles Swann. Este trabalho principia pelo levantamento do projeto global do ciclo romanesco, a partir de um trecho d´A Prisioneira em que o narrador-protagonista estabelece dois tipos de unidade para a obra de arte: uma lógica e outra vital. O segundo capítulo expõe as dificuldades que esse projeto coloca: como criar uma obra artística que seja viva e aberta, ao mesmo tempo que coesa e íntegra? A resposta é encontrada nos vasos comunicantes, nas transversalidades capazes de dar ao ciclo romanesco, não uma unidade lógica, mas vital. O terceiro capítulo analisa um dos nós, um dos pontos para o qual convergem essas transversalidades: a personagem de Charles Swann. Por meio da reconstituição desta personagem, são discutidos aqui alguns temas importantes para o romance: a formação do artista, assim como a relação entre a arte e a vida. Vemos em seguida que, em contraponto a Swann, cuja trajetória é vista como uma vocação artística frustrada, a expressão do romance proustiano busca condensar as experiências de um indivíduo para se tornar escritor. Finalmente, o excerto reflete sobre o caráter realista do romance: tendo por base um ensaio de Antonio Candido, \"Realismo (via Marcel Proust)\", e levando em conta um acontecimento-chave para o escritor francês, analisamos aqui o papel desempenhado pelo caso Dreyfus na narrativa. A hipótese mais geral desta pesquisa é a de que certos temas, representados pela personagem do diletante Charles Swann e por seu engajamento no caso Dreyfus, tornam difícil o acabamento do romance e lhe dão uma forma crítica, polêmica, viva. Esta não retira sua unidade da perspectiva de um artista profissional, cujo ofício participa da divisão do trabalho e do conhecimento de nossa sociedade; mas vincula-se à percepção de um diletante, cujo ponto de vista conserva algo de maravilhoso e mágico para as criações artísticas, como se a arte oferecesse mais do que obras e fosse capaz de ensinar a ler a vida. Lembramos neste sentido que a narrativa proustiana, desde seu começo até seu final, acompanha o ponto de vista não de um artista formado, mas de um apaixonado pelo universo artístico: o protagonista que deseja criar uma obra de arte e a imagina capaz de organizar a vida à imagem de sua complexidade. / A literary theory research on Marcel Proust´s novel In Search of Lost Time. The objective is to discuss the unity of Proust´s novel through an analysis of Charles Swann´s character. The first chapter of this work is a survey of the novel\'s global project, taking a passage of The Captive as a starting point, where the novel\'s narrator identifies two kinds of unity for the work of art, a logical one and a vital one. We remind then some difficulties that this project brings along with it: how can we create a work of art which is open and live, as well as coherent and complete? The answer is found in the communicant vases, in the transversalities able to provide the novel with a vital unity, not a logical one. In the third chapter, we analyse one of the points into which these transversalities converge: Charles Swann´s character. By a reconstitution of this character, we discuss certain important motifs of Proust´s novel: the education of the artist, as well as the relationship between art and life. In comparison with Swann, who represents a frustrated artist, we recognize that Proust´s literary expression seeks to condense someone\'s experiences to become a writer in the actual society. Finally, in the last part, we study the realistic aspects of the novel, based on Candido´s essay, \"Realism (according to Proust)\", and, taking into account an important political experience for the writer, we review the role of Dreyfus\'s Affair in the narrative. The general hypothesis of this research is that some themes, represented by Charles Swann´s diletantisme and his political engagement at the Affair, make it difficult to finish the novel and also give it a critical, polemical and live form. This form does not take its unity from a professional artist´s perspective, which participates in the division of the work and knowledge of our society, but from the dilettante condition, which point of view preserves something magical and wonderful for the artistic creations, as if art could give more than artworks and teach to read life. In this sense, we remind that Proust´s novel follows the point of view of a passionate for arts rather than a professional writer: the hero who wants to create a work of art and who believes it capable to organize the world at its complexity.

The esteemed French author, Marcel Proust, revolutionized the way that literature fuses with visual art. Through the detail of his novella Un Amour de Swann, Proust creates a world in which the idolatry of a painting destines one man to a life void of fulfillment in love. This thesis explores the intrinsic connection of painting and literature to love through Proust’s treatment of the Botticelli fresco, Les Épreuves de Moïse, and the carefully crafted lesson that Proust teaches to integrate art into the fabric of life. Proust’s advice reaches far beyond the constraints of his own words, and through an analysis of Austrian painter Gustav Klimt’s The Kiss, Proustian guidance is brought to a universal scale. For Proust, art truly was a way of life, this thesis seeks to embody just that.

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