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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: Felipe Voloch. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available from UMI.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The aim of this dissertation is to provide an exposition of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture, considered by many to be one of the most important unsolved problems in modern Mathematics. A review of topics in Algebraic Number Theory and Algebraic Geometry is provided in order to provide a characterisation for elliptic curves over rational numbers. We investigate the group structure of rational points on elliptic curves, and show that this group is finitely generated by the Mordell-Weil Theorem. The Shafarevich-Tate group is introduced by way of an example. Thereafter, with the use of Galois Cohomology, we provide a general definition of this mysterious group. We also discuss invariants like the regulator and real period, which appear in the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture. After defining the L-function, we state the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture and discuss results which have been proved and some consequences. We discuss numerical verification of the Conjecture, and show some computations, including an example of our own.

Le résultat principal de ce texte est une généralisation de la formule de Gross-Zagier p-adique de Perrin-Riou au cas de courbes de Shimura sur les corps totalement réels. Soit F un corps totalement réel. Soit f une forme modulaire de Hilbert sur F de poids parallel 2, qui est une forme nouvelle et est ordinaire en p. Soit E est une extension quadratique totalement imaginaire de F de discriminant premier à p et au conducteur de f. On peut construire une fonction L p-adique qui interpole valeurs spéciales de la fonction L complexe associée à f, E et caractères de Hecke d'ordre fini de E. La formule p-adique de Gross-Zagier relie la dérivée centrale de cette fonction L p-adique à la hauteur d'un divisor de Heegner sur une certaine courbe de Shimura. La stratégie de la preuve est proche de celle du travail original de Perrin-Riou. Dans la partie analytique, on construit le noyau analytique par calculs adéliques; dans la partie géométrique, on décompose le noyau géométrique en deux parties: places hors de p et places divisant p. Pour les places hors de p, les hauteurs p-adiques sont essentiellement des nombres d'intersection et sont calculées dans les travaux de S. Zhang, et il s'avère que cette partie est bien liée au noyau analytique. Pour les places divisant p, on utilise la méthode dans le travail de J. Nekovar pour montrer que la contribution de cette partie est nulle. / The main result of this text is a generalization of Perrin-Riou's p-adic Gross-Zagier formula to the case of Shimura curves over totally real fields. Let F be a totally real field. Let f be a Hilbert modular form over F of parallel weight 2, which is a new form and is ordinary at p. Let E be a totally imaginary quadratic extension of F of discriminant prime to p and to the conductor of f. We may construct a p-adic L function that interpolates special values of the complex L functions associated to f, E and finite order Hecke characters of E. The p-adic Gross-Zagier formula relates the central derivative of this p-adic L function to the p-adic height of a Heegner divisor on a certain Shimura curve. The strategy of the proof is close to that of the original work of Perrin-Riou. In the analytic part, we construct the analytic kernel via adelic computations, in the geometric part, we decompose the geometric kernel into two parts: places outside p and places dividing p. For places outside p, the p-adic heights are essentially intersection numbers and are computed in works of S. Zhang, and it turns out that this part is closely related to the analytic kernel. For places dividing p, we use the method in the work of J. Nekovar to show that the contribution of this part is zero.

Cette thèse porte sur des questions liées à la conjecture de parité. On démontre la conjecture de p-parité pour un certain twist d'une courbe elliptique sur un corps local. On en déduit des résultats globaux d'invariance de la conjecture de p-parité (pour une courbe elliptique) par certaines extensions. Avec l'objectif de généraliser les résultats précédents, on démontre une formule pour les signes locaux des représentations essentiellement symplectiques et modérément ramifiées du groupe de Weil. Cette formule généralise celle, déjà connue, pour les courbes elliptiques ayant potentiellement bonne réduction. Finalement, on fait un premier pas vers la généralisation escomptée en comparant les nombres de Tamagawa et les constantes de régulation pour certains prémotifs.

The conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer is unquestionably one of the most important open problems in number theory today. Let $E$ be an elliptic curve defined over an imaginary quadratic field $K$ contained in $\mathbb{C}$, and suppose that $E$ has complex multiplication by the ring of integers of $K$. Let us assume the complex $L$-series $L(E/K,s)$ of $E$ over $K$ does not vanish at $s=1$. K. Rubin showed, using Iwasawa theory, that the $p$-part of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture holds for $E$ for all prime numbers $p$ which do not divide the order of the group of roots of unity in $K$. In this thesis, we discuss extensions of this result. In Chapter $2$, we study infinite families of quadratic and cubic twists of the elliptic curve $A = X_0(27)$, so that they have complex multiplication by the ring of integers of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-3})$. For the family of quadratic twists, we establish a lower bound for the $2$-adic valuation of the algebraic part of the complex $L$-series at $s=1$, and, for the family of cubic twists, we establish a lower bound for the $3$-adic valuation of the algebraic part of the same $L$-value. We show that our lower bounds are precisely those predicted by Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer. In the remaining chapters, we let $K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-q})$, where $q$ is any prime number congruent to $7$ modulo $8$. Denote by $H$ the Hilbert class field of $K$. \mbox{B. Gross} proved the existence of an elliptic curve $A(q)$ defined over $H$ with complex multiplication by the ring of integers of $K$ and minimal discriminant $-q^3$. We consider twists $E$ of $A(q)$ by quadratic extensions of $K$. In the case $q=7$, we have $A(q)=X_0(49)$, and Gonzalez-Aviles and Rubin proved, again using Iwasawa theory, that if $L(E/\mathbb{Q},1)$ is nonzero then the full Birch--Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture holds for $E$. Suppose $p$ is a prime number which splits in $K$, say $p=\mathfrak{p}\mathfrak{p}^*$, and $E$ has good reduction at all primes of $H$ above $p$. Let $H_\infty=HK_\infty$, where $K_\infty$ is the unique $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension of $K$ unramified outside $\mathfrak{p}$. We establish in this thesis the main conjecture for the extension $H_\infty/H$. Furthermore, we provide the necessary ingredients to state and prove the main conjecture for $E/H$ and $p$, and discuss its relation to the main conjecture for $H_\infty/H$ and the $p$-part of the Birch--Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for $E/H$.