O uso de modelos multiníveis é uma alternativa interessante para analisar dados que estão estruturados de forma hierárquica, pois permite a obtenção de diferentes estimativas de parâmetros relativos a grupos distintos e, ao mesmo tempo, leva em consideração a dependência entre as observações em um mesmo grupo. Neste trabalho, desenvolvemos e aplicamos modelos de regressão multiníveis simétricos, a fim de fornecer alternativas ao modelo usual, sob normalidade. Além disso, apresentamos uma breve análise de diagnóstico e estudo de simulação. Como motivação, consideramos dados educacionais, a fim de avaliar se o número de reprovações no histórico escolar do aluno e a infraestrutura da escola são variáveis relevantes que afetam o baixo desempenho dos alunos do ensino básico na disciplina de Matemática / The use of multilevel models is an interesting alternative to analyze data that is structured in a hierarchical manner, since it allows the obtention of different parameters estimates for distinct groups and, at the same time, it takes into account the dependence of observations in the same group. In this dissertation, we develop and apply symmetrical multilevel regression models, for the purpose of providing alternatives to the usual model, under normality. Furthermore we present a brief diagnostics analysis and a simulation study. As motivation, we consider educational data in order to assess whether the number of failures in school history of students and the school infrastructure are important variables that affect the low performance of elementary school students in Mathematics

O que proponho nesta pesquisa é explorar as redes de relações (institucionais, políticas ou \'naturais\') ou, em outras palavras, a sociabilidade em si, decorrente da prática do arqueólogo em território indígena e colocar em contraste o debate antropológico sobre a alteridade. É necessário ressaltar que não se trata de criticar as redes sociais ou refletir através da sociologia crítica o embate entre grupos sociais, mas de explorar as tensões existentes no aspecto abstrato, no mundo conceitual que formula a alteridade tanto do cientista quanto da comunidade indígena, configurando-se, assim, em um exercício de análise simétrica. / My intention in this research is to explore the networks of relations (institutional, politics or \"naturals\") or, in other words, the sociability itself; as a consequence of the archeological practice in an indigenous territory; also, to contrast the anthropological debate regarding alterity. It is necessary to highlight that this work do not aim to criticize social networks or to reflect through critical sociology the tensions between social groups, but to explore the existing strains in the abstract arena, in the conceptual world that shows the alterity of the researches and also of the indigenous community, conforming a symmetrical analysis exercise.

As an extension of the previous work on the post-modification strategy of pyridine-based PN3P group 10 metal complexes, the triazine-based PN3P pincer ligands incorporating nickel complexes, Me-Et-PN3PNiCl, and Me-Et-PN3PNiI, were synthesized and characterized. The solid state structures suggest that the N-donor atom of triazine-based PN3P ligands have more electron donating than the pyridine-based PNP pincer ligands. A new non-symmetric PONNP pincer ligand system was developed to: (1) give more parameters for electronic and steric properties (2) to block the influence of acidic proton. However, the unstable metal-hydride complexes indicate the degradable O–P bond or N–P bond of the PONNP ligand. Treating the three ligands, including tert-butyl, phenyl, and cyclopentyl substituents with NiCl2(DME) individually all resulted in the production of [(PtBuONNPtBu)NiCl]+Cl-. It suggests that both O‒P and N‒P can cleave and rearrange during the complexation. The solvent effect and time tracing experiments demonstrated that the O‒P and N‒P bond rearrangement occurs after forming the nickel complex. The finding of [(ONNPtBu)NiCl]22+(Cl-)2 indicates the weakness of the O‒P bond, suggesting the degradation of an oxygen-phosphorus bond may be the initial step of substituents rearrangement. To ensure the ligand-centered reactivity of (PtBuONNPtBu)*NiCl, a nickel-silver bimetallic complex, [(PtBuONNPtBu)*NiCl]2[AgOTf]2, was produced. In contrast to pyridine-based PN3P*NiH, there are two active sites of [(PtBuONNPtBu)*NiCl]2[AgOTf]2, the N atoms on the imine arm and pyrimidine ring. The solid-structure of the acid-base adduct compound, {[(PtBuONNPtBu)*NiCl][B(C6F5)3], demonstrates that the nitrogen atom on the pyrimidine ring is a better active site than the imine arm because of the steric effect. The molecular structures of [(PtBuONNPtBu)*NiCl]2[AgOTf]2 and {[(PtBuONNPtBu)*NiCl][B(C6F5)3] exhibit that the pyrimidine ring of [(PtBuONNPtBu)*NiCl]2[AgOTf]2 tends to be an aromatic zwitterionic form. The ligand backbone of {[(PtBuONNPtBu)*NiCl][B(C6F5)3] favors the dearomatized form.

Investigation of simply supported Multilayer sandwich beams with symmetrical loading and of Multipier shear walls with arbitrary horizontal loadings. The analysis contains the influence of normal deformation of the layers and piersrespectively. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

In this thesis, three websites are explored in-depth and serve as a case study for an intercultural comparison of websites as public relations tools. The websites of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), Shanghai Pudong Development Bank (SPDB), and Citibank were evaluated for this specific study because they represent three models of current banks operating in a culturally-evolving Chinese society. The two-way symmetrical model of public relations and the personal influence model have provided basic framework for this thesis. To establish the two-way symmetrical public relations via the website, these three banks employ different public relations strategies due to the different organizational structure and operating systems. In addition, culture has played an important role for banks to build relationships with their various publics. Specifically, Confucian ideology, the foundation for Chinese culture, provides insights for this thesis. To cater to the publics, ICBC adhered more strictly to Chinese culture norms, while SPDB's website is a reflection of a hybrid of Western and Chinese culture. Moreover, although Citibank does not make many efforts to culturally cater to its Chinese publics, Citibank successfully built its reputation and image through building a business-oriented and expert website. / Master of Arts

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada / Embedded parallel processing provides unique advantages over sequential and symmetrical processing architectures. During the past decade, the architecture of ground control systems has evolved from utilizing sequential embedded processors to modular parallel, distributed, and/or symmetrical processing. The concept of utilizing embedded parallel processing exhibits key features such as modularity, flexibility, scalability, host independence, non-contention of host resources, and no requirement for an operating system. These key features provide the performance, reliability and efficiency while at the same time lowering costs. Proper utilization of embedded parallel processing on a host computer can provide fault tolerance and can greatly reduce the costs and the requirement of utilizing high-end workstations to perform the same level of real-time processing and computationally intensive tasks.

The aim of this project was to devise an algorithm for three phase AC power grid measurements that could be utilized in an excitation system for controlling generators. This application requires fast and accurate measurements even when the voltages in the power grid are characterized by unbalanced three-phase, frequency variations and harmonic distortions. Phase locked loop algorithms are used in grid synchronization techniques and are developed to withstand disturbances in the power grid. A DSOGI-PLL was implemented on a PLC and then evaluated. The DSOGI-PLL was tested with input voltages generated by a relay testing system. The result showed that the DSOGI-PLL could measure positive sequence component RMS and grid frequency of unbalanced three-phase voltages and voltages characterized by frequency variations and harmonic distortions. However, the measurements response time and accuracy did not meet the requirements for application in excitation systems.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo a implementação de algoritmos de controle do tipo PID com sintonia automática de seus parâmetros para controle de processos térmicos de primeira ordem mais tempo morto. Existe um grande número de métodos para a sintonia automática, os quais requerem informações variadas sobre o processo. A sintonia automática dos parâmetros do controlador escolhida para implementação é baseada no método da realimentação a relê que utiliza o ganho estático e o período e amplitude críticos do processo e pode ser facilmente adotada na indústria. Este método foi implementado em um controlador industrial microprocessado que utiliza um microcontrolador da família 8051. A correta identificação dos parâmetros críticos do processo presume a geração de oscilações simétricas durante a realimentação a relê. O algoritmo de sintonia automática desenvolvido inclui correção em tempo real da amplitude do relê para evitar identificação falsa de um ciclo da oscilação e da assimetria na saída do processo durante a realimentação a relê. A implementação do algoritmo é simples e direta em termos de programação no ambiente de microcontroladores mesmo em linguagem de baixo nível (assembly). São apresentados resultados de simulação e os resultados experimentais realizados em um aparelho industrial comercial. / The objective of this work is the implementation of a PID control algorithm with auto-tuning for a thermal first order process plus dead-time. There is a number of methods for the auto-tuning of PID controllers which require different information on the process. The auto-tuning algorithm is implemented in a industrial controller based on the 8051 microcontroller family. The auto-tuning method considered for implementation is based on the relay feedback procedure which require the process steady state gain and the ultimate point on the Nyquist plot and can be easily adopted by industry. The method is also suited for pre-tuning adaptive controllers. The auto-tuning method used assume symmetrical oscillations during the relay feedback experiment to render the correct ultimate point on the Nyquist plot The proposed auto-tuning algorithm includes on-line correction for asymmetry oscillation and relay amplitude to avoid false capture of the limit cycle. The symmetrical oscillations are ensured by a DC bias signal added to the relay output. The algorithm is simply and straight to be written in a microcontroller programming language. Experimental results accomplished in a industrial PID auto-tuner are presented.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o comportamento dos campos eletromagnéticos no interior de câmaras reverberantes de modos misturados através do método numérico TLM (Transmission Line Matrix). Inicialmente, apresenta-se uma descrição dos diversos tipos de câmaras aplicáveis na avaliação de desempenho de compatibilidade eletromagnética de equipamentos e sistemas elétricos, destacando-se suas principais características físicas e geométricas, com ênfase nas câmaras reverberantes. Os aspectos teóricos relacionados à descrição do método TLM são detalhados e sua aplicação na avaliação do ambiente eletromagnético das câmaras é então abordada. Diversos resultados são apresentados, considerando-se configurações pré-definidas de câmaras reverberantes, ressaltando-se a definição e cálculo de índices de mérito, bem como os principais aspectos relacionados à representação e definição de critérios adotados nas simulações destas. / The aim of this report is the evaluation of the behavior of electromagnetic fields inside reverberation chambers by means of Transmission Line Modeling (TLM). Initially, it is presented a description of several kinds of chambers applicable for electromagnetic compatibility tests followed by a more detailed description regarding reverberation chambers. Theoretical aspects of TLM method and its application for electromagnetic fields solution are covered. Some results are presented, considering pre-defined reverberation chambers configurations, highlighting some merit indicators and the main aspects adopted on its simulation.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o comportamento dos campos eletromagnéticos no interior de câmaras reverberantes de modos misturados através do método numérico TLM (Transmission Line Matrix). Inicialmente, apresenta-se uma descrição dos diversos tipos de câmaras aplicáveis na avaliação de desempenho de compatibilidade eletromagnética de equipamentos e sistemas elétricos, destacando-se suas principais características físicas e geométricas, com ênfase nas câmaras reverberantes. Os aspectos teóricos relacionados à descrição do método TLM são detalhados e sua aplicação na avaliação do ambiente eletromagnético das câmaras é então abordada. Diversos resultados são apresentados, considerando-se configurações pré-definidas de câmaras reverberantes, ressaltando-se a definição e cálculo de índices de mérito, bem como os principais aspectos relacionados à representação e definição de critérios adotados nas simulações destas. / The aim of this report is the evaluation of the behavior of electromagnetic fields inside reverberation chambers by means of Transmission Line Modeling (TLM). Initially, it is presented a description of several kinds of chambers applicable for electromagnetic compatibility tests followed by a more detailed description regarding reverberation chambers. Theoretical aspects of TLM method and its application for electromagnetic fields solution are covered. Some results are presented, considering pre-defined reverberation chambers configurations, highlighting some merit indicators and the main aspects adopted on its simulation.