Afrikaans: Tradisioneel wanneer na 'n saak as sinkretisties verwys word, is so 'n verwysing gevul met pejoratiewe konnotasies. Die grootste probleem met die bestudering van sinkre¬tisme was nog altyd en is steeds 'n definisieprobleem. Daar bestaan verskillende benaderingswyses tot die bestudering van sinkretisme. Sinkretisme kan vanuit 'n teologiese, fenomenologiese of godsdienshistoriese perspek¬tief benader word. Hierdie studie onderneem vanuit 'n teologiese vertrekpunt die bestu¬dering van sinkretisme om tot 'n beter verstaan daarvan binne die godsdienswetenskap en sendingwetenskap te kom. Dit is dus nodig om eers uit te klaar met watter definisie van sinkretisme gewerk word. Binne hierdie studie word sinkretisme verstaan as die resultaat van 'n proses van pluralisering, wat onder andere die proses van sekularise¬ring kan behels, en aanleiding gee tot die herinterpretasie en eklektiese hersakralise¬ring van elemente. Daar word op grond van Bybelse gegewens gewys hoe daar voorbeelde bestaan van hoe godsdienste weens interaksie met mekaar groei en verander. Sommige ge¬leerdes verwys na die prosesse as sinkretisme, alhoewel sommige na die prosesse as die normale ontwikkeling van godsdienste verwys. Dit bevestig weer die vermoede dat nie aile godsdiensvermenging as sonder meer sinkretisme tipeer kan word nie. Vir die verstaan van sinkretisme, wil hierdie studie aandui, is 'n grondige verstaan van wat openbaring en godsdiens is, nodig. Die verstaan van openbaring bepaal hoe godsdienste evalueer word. Sodra klarigheid verkry is oor wat godsdiens is, kan die interaksie tussen godsdienste evalueer word. Interaksie tussen godsdienste geskied egter nie in 'n lugleegte nie, maar vind plaas in samehang met 'n verskeidenheid van faktore. Daar is meer wat op die vorming en verandering van godsdienste inspeel as bloot net die kontak tussen godsdienste. Die godsdiens word volgens bepaalde prosesse in 'n kultuur ingedra. Hierdie proses van inkulturasie moet ook teologies evalueer word. In 'n veranderende tydsgees is dit ook noodsaaklik om opnuut te besin oor tradisio¬nele denke. In die Iig van die postmoderne is dit nodig om die saak van sinkretisme weer nuut te beskou. Sodoende kan nuwe antwoorde op nuwe vrae formuleer word en tot 'n beter verstaan van sinkretisme gekom word. English: Traditionally when something is referred to as syncretistic, such an etiquette is filled with pejorative connotations. The most complex part of studying syncretism was and still remains the problem of definition. A specific definition determines the uses of the term as well as the attitude with which the term will be used. There are different points of departure for studying syncretism. Syncretism can either be looked at from a theological, phenomenological or religio-historical perspecti¬ve. This study is undertaken from a theological point of reference to come to a better understanding of syncretism within religion and Missiology. Therefore it is necessary to first of all declare with which definition is worked here. In this study, syncretism is un¬derstood as the result of a process of pluralizing, which could also consist of the proc¬ess of secularising and could result in the re-interpretation and eclectic re-sacralising of elements. With reference to Biblical situations some examples are pointed out where religions grow and change due to interaction with one another. Some scholars refer to these processes as syncretism, while others indicate these processes as normal ways in which religions develop. This emphasises the fact that not all mixing of religions can be labelled as syncretism. For the understanding of syncretism, this study endeavours to indicate, that a thor¬ough knowledge of what revelation and religion is, is required. The way in which revela¬tion is understood, determines how religion is evaluated. The moment there is clarity on what religion is, the interaction between religions can be evaluated. Interaction among religions however never takes place in a void. It always takes pla¬ce in coherence with a variety of factors. There are more to the formation and change of religions as merely the contact between religions. Religion is introduced into a cultu¬re through certain processes. Therefore the process of inculturation also needs to be theologically evaluated. In a changing paradigm, it also becomes necessary to reconsider traditional thought patterns. In the light of the post-modern, it is necessary to reconsider syncretism. By doing so there can be new answers to new questions in order to arrive at a better un¬derstanding of syncretism. / Thesis (DD (Science of Religion and Missiology))--University of Pretoria, 2001. / Science of Religion and Missiology / unrestricted

Orientador: Ana SílviaLopes Davi Médola / Banca: Luciano Guimarães / Banca: Terezinha Fortes Mestrinelli / Resumo: O presente estudo tem como objeto a comunicação dirigida e investiga as estratégias discursivas da campanha "Triângulos" do HSBC no Brasil. São analisados os procedimentos enunciativos que regem a organização textual das peças publicitárias veiculada em folders disponibilizados nos pontos de venda das agências bancárias do HSBC, no final de 2004. O instrumental teórico-metodológico que baliza as reflexões aqui apresentadas é decorrente da semiótica discursiva de linha francesa, a chamada Escola de Paris, a partir das postulações elaboradas por A. J. Greimas e Jean- Marie Floch. Após apresentar o percurso de constituição do banco enquanto instituição inserida em uma economia globalizada, o trabalho demonstra o papel das formas discursivas na comunicação dirigida e suas implicações nas relações interculturais. As análises realizadas demonstram, a partir do texto, a configuração do contexto da relação comunicativa, depreendendo os valores e ideologias presentes nos discursos organizados com o objetivo central de promover o consumo dos serviços oferecidos pelo HSBC, por meio de estratégias de manipulação baseadas na sedução e na provocação. / Abstract: The present study has as object the directed communication and investigates the discursives strategies of the campaign "Triangles" of the HSBC in Brazil. The enunciative procedures are analyzed which conduct the textual organization of the advertising pieces that are propagated in folders availables at points of sales of HSBC the agencies at the end of 2004. The theoretician-methodological instrumental which signalize the presented reflections is due to discursive semiotics of French line, the professed School of Paris, from postulations elaborated by J. Greimas and Jean-Marie Floch. After introduces the course of bank forming, while inserted institution in a worldwide economy, this work demonstrates the part taken by discursive features in directed communication and its implications in the intercultural relations. The performed analyses demonstrate from the text on, the configuration of the context of the communicative relation, gathering the values and ideologies presented in the speeches organized with the main objective to encourage the use of services offered by HSBC, by means of strategies of manipulation based on seduction and temptation. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jackson Gomes de Castro.pdf: 515134 bytes, checksum: f0bdf87547e62e8bbdfb35fe57070f3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-11 / It is understood here, syncretism as "coexistence of conflicting objects" (Bastide, 1973, p. 143), or religious practices that are historically divergent. Christianity has opposed the spiritual practice from its origin; However, some religious groups generally called spiritualists, proposes an integration of spiritualism to Christianity, there are those religious groups that even without address us in favor of a syncretic ideology, has in its very praxis of syncretism . Pentecostalism generally resembles syncretic movements. My goal is to understand how is the transition from a religious movement to another and check how is the coexistence of divergent thinking before. The method of qualitative observation observing their rituals and customs current and comparing them with the rituals antigos. Além empirical observation was used to collect data was printed through research, dissemination Film provided by the leader of the study subject who visit the Church of the Nazarene Cabral ( INC ) . This work investigates, through observation, the training of religious leadership and supporters of such movements ; Upon observation it was found that there was migration of other religion for that particular syncretic movement, both by its members and leadership . It was also found that people who attend this church has no idea that some of their practices has similarities with some spiritualistic practice. Their meetings are based more on the music and emotionalism than any dogma. People arriving coming from another religious thread does not receive much education about the local church. Are received and inserted in the current context with the only requirement to recognize Jesus Christ as their only Savior . Given all that follows, this church researched the reasons that led its members to practice syncretism are associated with Brazilian culture that in their formation is influenced by the mix of Amerindian, African and European religions . In search of a religion to fill the existential void that occur in these individuals they found in the INC, a quick and uncomplicated answer to their religious practice. The leading turn is not concerned with a primary education . His method is to first receive guidance later. And so this syncretic church emerges. / Entende-se aqui, sincretismos como coexistência de objetos discordantes (Bastide, 1973, p. 143), ou seja, práticas religiosas que, historicamente, são divergentes. O Cristianismo tem se oposto a prática espírita desde a sua origem; Porém, alguns grupos religiosos geralmente os chamados espíritas, propõe uma integração do espiritismo com o cristianismo; Há ainda aqueles grupos religiosos que, mesmo sem discursarem a favor de uma ideologia sincrética, tem na sua práxis muito do sincretismo. Geralmente o pentecostalismo se assemelha a movimentos sincréticos. Meu objetivo é compreender como se dá o processo de transição de um movimento religioso para o outro e verificar como se dá a coexistência de pensamentos antes divergentes. Foi utilizado o método de observação qualitativa observando seus rituais e costumes atuais e comparando-os com os rituais antigos.Além da observação empírica, a coleta de dados se deu através de pesquisa impressa, divulgação em filme disponibilizada pelo líder do objeto de estudo aqueles que visitam a Igreja do Nazareno do Cabral (INC). Este trabalho indaga, por meio da observação, a formação religiosa dos adeptos e liderança de tais movimentos; Após a observação verificou-se que houve migração de outra religião para esse determinado movimento sincrético, tanto por parte de seus membros quanto da liderança. Verificou-se também que as pessoas que frequentam esta igreja não tem nenhuma ideia de que algumas de suas práticas tem semelhanças com alguma prática espírita. As suas reuniões são pautadas mais nas músicas e no emocionalismo do que em algum dogma. As pessoas que chegam vindas de outro segmento religioso não recebem muita instrução sobre a igreja local. São recebidas e inseridas no contexto atual com a única exigência de reconhecer Jesus Cristo como seu único Salvador. Diante de tudo isso se conclui, nesta igreja pesquisada, que os motivos que levaram seus membros a praticarem o sincretismo estão associados à cultura brasileira que, em sua formação é influenciada pela mistura das religiões ameríndias, africanas e europeias. Na busca de uma religião que preencha o vazio existencial que ocorrem nestes indivíduos eles encontraram na INC, uma resposta rápida e sem complicações para sua prática religiosa. A liderança por sua vez não está preocupada com uma educação primaria. Seu método é receber primeiro orientar depois. E assim surge esta igreja sincrética.

Esta tese desenvolve o conceito de butinagem religiosa, a fim de entender como a mobilidade religiosa e a pluralização ocorrem no Brasil, especialmente no campo mediúnico já que até agora as explicações para o sincretismo não explicam satisfatoriamente como isso ocorre. Examinando como praticantes religiosos praticarm ao longo da história e da cultura eu identifico um tipo de experiência que escapa à estrutura estabelecida, tradição e cultura. Isso esclarece os processos sincréticos. Os dados foram coletados a partir de observação participante, entrevistas, jornais e biografias. Eu construo o conceito de butinagem religiosa a partir de uma metáfora das religiões ayahuasqueiras. O praticante religioso comparado a um beija-flor butina de uma denominação religiosa a outra produzindo sincretismo. Esta tese de doutorado é de alguma forma uma continuação da minha tese de mestrado intitulada "Entre a rosa e o beija-flor: um estudo antropológico de trajetórias na União do Vegetal (UDV) e no Santo Daime". / This thesis develops the concept of religious butinage in order to understand what form of religious mobility and pluralization occur in Brazil, especially in the mediumistic field, since so far the explanations for syncretism do not satisfactorily explain as it occurs. By examining how religious practitioners practice throughout history and culture I identify some kind of experience that escapes the established structure, tradition and culture. It clarifies the syncretic processes. Data have been collected from participant observation, interviews, newspapers, and biographies. I build up the concept of religious butinage by a metaphor from ayahuasca religions. The religious practitioner compared with a hummingbird makes butinage from a religious denomination to another producing syncretism. This doctoral thesis is in some way a continuation of my master's thesis entitled: “Between the rose and the hummingbird: An anthropological study of trajectories in the União do Vegetal (UDV) and the Santo Daime”.

Based on an ethnography conducted between 2013-2015 within a religious community in Brazil, this thesis investigates the meanings of a growing worldwide religious movement fusing beliefs and identity claims deriving from Judaism and Charismatic Evangelicalism. Unlike Messianic Judaism, where Jewish-born people identified as believers in Jesus remain faithful to their Jewish traditions while observing Charismatic Evangelical practices or Christian Zionism, Evangelicals who emphasise the theological and eschatological importance of Jews living in Israel, this thesis addresses a different dimension of this trend. Focusing particularly on women's conversion narratives, this study investigates the reasons why Charismatic Evangelical Brazilians are actively embracing a version of Judaism that requires them to follow the strict dress codes and purity laws of Orthodox Jews while believing in Jesus as the Messiah. My analysis concluded that the emergence of these communities should be understood as a revival aiming to restore some Charismatic Evangelical practices. Pointing to the moral permissiveness, materialism, individualism, and petitionary rhetoric enforced in their former Charismatic Evangelical churches-influenced by Neo-Pentecostal tenets-they embrace an austere religious style characterised by self- cultivation centred in Jewish ritual and ethos. This pious revival also involves recovering a collective past. References to a hidden Jewish heritage and a 'return' to Judaism are mobilised for justifying the community's strict adherence to Jewish practices. Drawing upon a socio-cultural and gender-sensitive analysis, this study examines the historical, religious and subjective reasons behind this emerging 'Judaising' trend in Charismatic Evangelicalism. This thesis also engages with the literature of religious conversion, morality, cultural change and debates examining hybridisation processes.

This dissertation examines Insider Movements, a missiological strategy where adherents of a high-religious system retain their socio-religious birth identity as a means of preventing extraction, thereby aiding the evangelistic and church planting task by keeping the social and family network intact. The strategy has produced a significant amount of controversy related to appropriate degrees of contextualization and the dangers of syncretism. The purpose of this dissertation is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of an Insider approach, critique the theological and methodological elements of Insider Movements, and evaluate its ability to produce orthodox, Bible-believing, and Christ-exalting believers and churches. This dissertation takes the position that Insider methodology as currently articulated is biblically weak and methodologically unwise. Chapter 1 introduces a short history of the development of the Insider conversation, identifies the central problems surrounding the conversation, defines terminology, and outlines the trajectory of the study. Chapter 2 traces the development of Insider methodology in an attempt to present a clear and complete picture of the arguments raised by Insider proponents. The relationship of Insider Movements to People Movements and Church Planting Movements is investigated. This investigation is followed by an identification of the missiological problems in evangelism and church planting in high-religious contexts. The literature and conferences proposing the missiology that led to the C-Continuum are identified. Chapter 3 deals with the biblical and theological foundation of Insider methodology. Kraft's concept of revelation and the Bible as "God's inspired case-book" is proposed as an unstated presupposition of Insider methodology. Moreover, the theological concepts of fulfillment theology and the kingdom of God are identified as the central arguments supporting Insider methodology. Chapter 4 introduces the central missiological concepts supporting Insider strategy, starting with the model of critical contextualization and followed by a critical interaction with the central missiological proposals utilized in Insider strategy. Chapter 5 is an attempt to assess the "wait and see" proposal of Insider advocates through an historic case study of Sadrach Surapranata's community in central Java, Indonesia. In addition to providing an example for how one particular community developed in terms of identity, orthodoxy, and orthopraxy, a number of helpful lessons related to contextualization and missionary partnership are presented as balancing comments for the Insider conversation. The final chapter concludes with summary thoughts, proposals, and areas of future research and dialogue.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-125). Also available on the World Wide Web.

This dissertation is an ethnographic work describing how foodways have become central to identity negotiation in a Maya village that has recently been impacted by evangelical conversion and tourism. This village is in the region of Quintana Roo, Mexico best known for its involvement in the Caste Wars of Yucatán and historic resistance to assimilation to Mexican identity. However, in recent years, the demand for inexpensive labor in the hotel zone of the Caribbean coast of Quintana Roo has led to improved infrastructure and transportation to these villages. With this improved infrastructure has come increased outside interaction including the establishment of evangelical churches and day labor buses. These combined influences of religion and labor changes have led to new ways of negotiating identity that had not previously existed in village life here. Because life in this village had always centered on subsistence farming and its associated food getting and food making tasks, the option for wage labor and evangelical religion have provided a support system for those unable or unwilling to participate in traditional forms of subsistence. The new social structures are often negotiated using food and foodways as a declaration of belonging or resistance. My work provides vignettes describing these processes of identity negotiation at the national, regional and familial levels. / text

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1923. / Church union in Canada: its history, motives, doctrine and government. "The dissertation comprises chapters I-IV of this volume." Includes bibliographical references (p. 398-402) and index.

Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-125).