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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20661号 / 医博第4271号 / 新制||医||1024(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 川口 義弥, 教授 柳田 素子, 教授 斎藤 通紀 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine barnyardgrass control as affected by glufosinate and graminicide tank-mixtures, application timing of tank-mixtures of graminicides plus glufosinate and application time of day of tank-mixtures of glufosinate and clethodim. When increased rates of graminicide were tank-mixed with glufosinate, barnyardgrass control was unaffected by quizalofop-P plus glufosinate; however, clethodim plus glufosinate control in the field indicated the potential for reduced barnyardgrass control. When evaluating increasing glufosinate rates tank-mixed with graminicides, barnyardgrass control was not negatively affected by the combination of glufosinate and graminicides. The difference in soybean yield among the graminicides may indicate that the cyclohexanedione herbicides had a slight yield advantage over the aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides due to potential increased levels of barnyardgrass control. Applications of glufosinate alone provide variable control throughout the growing season in both field and greenhouse experiments. Although barnyardgrass control in the field was not affected by glufosinate application timing, data from the greenhouse indicates potential exists for reduced control if glufosinate is applied 1 or 3 d before graminicides. Clethodim was unaffected by application time of day; however, glufosinate applications at midnight reduced barnyardgrass control compared to applications made at noon and 6 P.M. Applications at 6 A.M. also reduced barnyardgrass efficacy compared to applications at 6 P.M. Environmental factors such as temperature and light at the time of application are likely responsible for the time of day effects observed in these studies. For maximum benefit from incorporating graminicides into a glufosinate weed control system, fluazifop-P, quizalofop-P, clethodim and sethoxydim should be applied with glufosinate at 594 or 890 g ai ha-1. Sequential treatments of glufosinate should be applied 7 d prior to a graminicide application or 1, 3 or 7 d after a graminicide application. To optimize barnyardgrass efficacy with tank mixtures of glufosinate and clethodim, applications should be made at noon or early evening to avoid potential time of day effects.

Simultaneous maternal indirect blood pressure measurements, electronic fetal heart rate monitoring, and ultrasonographic biophysical profile testing were used to assess maternal-fetal homeostasis in gravid ewes during gestational days 127 to 134 (term 146), during a 72-hour fast, and during treatment with thromboxane synthetase inhibitors CGS13080 and CGS12970. Seventy-five percent of the ewes (12 of 16) developed clinical signs of ovine pregnancy-induced hypertension, including maternal hypertension and fetal depression. In three untreated hypertensive ewes, pregnancy was terminated by spontaneous premature delivery, and one maternal death occurred after an eclamptic seizure. All nine ewes treated with one of the two thromboxane synthetase inhibitors responded to therapy with decreases in blood pressure and resolution of fetal depression. These nine ewes completed gestation, and were delivered at term. These data indicate that therapy with thromboxane synthetase inhibitors in this animal model of preeclampsia results in profoundly beneficial effects and suggest that further studies of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors are warranted in preeclampsia.

This study has investigated the characteristics of a leucine aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetase enzyme from Tritrichomonas augusta. Differential centrifugation and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography were used for partial enzyme purification. The column purification increased the synthetase activity 125-fold over the unfractionated cell extract. The conditions for maximum [3H] leucine charging were 37°C for 20 min, with protein at 180 μg ml-1 using yeast leucine tRNA as an acceptor. The optimal reaction conditions were 14 mM-Mg acetate, 3 mM-ATP, 3 mM-spermidine and 5.5 mM-putrescine. Acceptor activity with T. augusta transfer RNA was 8-fold higher than with yeast transfer RNA and 25-fold higher than with Escherichia coli transfer RNA. The partially purified enzyme fraction had comparable changing activities for both leucine and valine.

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