Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / The demand for electricity grows in the same way as the consumers requirement for an uninterrupted supply. Many reliability indices are applied by regulatory agencies, utilities and consumers for measuring the power systems reliability. The improvement of such indices has been required by regulatory agencies and pursued by energy distributors. Therefore, the application of automatic restauration systems has gained relevance as a support tool for control center operators for a quick and secure restauration of faulty electric networks. This work proposes two contributions to the restoration process of radial power system networks. The former is a multiobjective algorithm for effective switch placement in distribution networks. Multiobjective optimization techniques are applied to achieve a set of non-dominated solutions rather than an unique one. Therefore, the decision making for switch placement is eased by the flexibility given from the multiple solutions. The latter contribution is a model for automatic restoration of power distribution networks adaptable to the network topology changes and able to ensure the operational security of the power system network. The proposed model is based on coloured Petri nets as the modelling tool. Reusability and extensibility features have been pursued and implemented on the proposed model. As a result, the needed time to restore faulty power system networks is reduced without compromising its operational security. Case studies are presented demonstrating the benefits to the power system distribution utilities obtained with the deployment of the proposed tools to improve the reliability of the power system networks. / A demanda por energia elÃtrica cresce e de igual modo a exigÃncia dos consumidores pela continuidade do seu fornecimento. Diversos Ãndices de confiabilidade sÃo utilizados por agÃncias reguladoras, concessionÃrias e consumidores para aferir a continuidade dos sistemas elÃtricos de potÃncia. A melhoria de tais Ãndices vem sendo requisitada por agÃncias reguladoras e perseguida pelas concessionÃrias de energia. Para tanto, o uso de sistemas de restauraÃÃo automÃtica vem ganhando destaque como uma ferramenta de apoio a operadores de centros de controle para a restauraÃÃo rÃpida e segura de redes elÃtricas em situaÃÃes de falta. Este trabalho apresenta duas contribuiÃÃes para a restauraÃÃo automÃtica de redes radiais de distribuiÃÃo de energia. A primeira consiste em um algoritmo para o posicionamento eficiente de chaves telecontroladas em redes de distribuiÃÃo. TÃcnicas de otimizaÃÃo multiobjetivo sÃo aplicadas para obter-se como resultado um conjunto de soluÃÃes nÃo-dominadas ao invÃs de uma Ãnica soluÃÃo. Com isso, a tomada de decisÃo para o posicionamento eficiente de chaves na rede elÃtrica à facilitado pela flexibilidade das mÃltiplas soluÃÃes oferecidas pelo algoritmo proposto. A segunda contribuiÃÃo do trabalho consiste em um modelo para restauraÃÃo automÃtica da rede de distribuiÃÃo de energia adaptÃvel Ãs mudanÃas de topologia e que garante a seguranÃa operacional da rede elÃtrica. O modelo proposto fundamentou-se em Redes de Petri Coloridas como ferramenta de modelagem. CaracterÃsticas de reusabilidade e extensibilidade foram buscadas e implementadas no modelo proposto. Como resultado, o tempo necessÃrio para restaurar redes elÃtricas em condiÃÃo de falta à reduzido sem comprometer a seguranÃa do sistema elÃtrico. Estudos de caso sÃo apresentados evidenciando os benefÃcios para concessionÃrias de distribuiÃÃo de energia com a implementaÃÃo das ferramentas propostas para melhoria da confiabilidade da rede elÃtrica.

The goal of this thesis is creation of methodology for repeatable transformation of customer business needs and goals resulting from company IT strategy to system functionality and process implementation in Business/IT Service Management projects using BMC Atrium and Remedy products. This methodology will be based on existing project management methodologies PRINCE2 and SCRUM. In the thesis I also refer to parts of ITIL v3 process framework. The aim of the thesis is to provide a project delivery framework for IT Consultancy organizations. The framework will foster efficient planning, tracking and communication of requirements and deliverables between IT Consultancy and their customer during entire project lifecycle and will therefore enable repeatable and consistent high quality delivery of customer success.

Tjänstefierade IT-system (Software as a Service) växer kraftigt med 50 % per år samtidigt som produktifierade IT-system (Software as a Product) håller på att dö ut. Nya tjänster etableras på ett effektivt sätt för att möta fler behov med färre resurser och leverantören blir delaktig under hela produktens livscykel. Tjänstefierade IT-system förknippas ofta med molntjänster där både lagring och mjukvara erbjuds över nätverk. Dessa tjänster kan erbjudas från datacenter där leverantören sköter driften av IT-infrastruktur. Tjänstesystem säljs främst via två olika intäktsmodeller, användarbaserad intäktsmodell eller uthyrning av mjukvara. Genom att sälja IT-systemet som en tjänst kan leverantören bredda sin kundbas till kunder som inte har det finansiella kapitalet som krävs för att köpa ett IT-system via en mjukvarulicens. Mycket tyder på att en transformation från produkt till tjänst behöver ske för IT-systemleverantörer då efterfrågan inom detta segment ökar. Sveriges näringsliv består till 99 % av små och medelstora företag men det finns ingen tidigare forskning om vilka problem som kan uppkomma under transformationen och vad en liten eller medelstor IT-systemleverantör kan uppnå med ett tjänstesystem. Intresset ligger i att undersöka små och medelstora IT-systemleverantörers erfarenheter kring transformationen och dess hinder och fördelar. Studien har genomfört en teoretisk undersökning för att få en förståelse kring tjänstefierade IT-system och produktifierade IT-system, denna förståelse har legat till grund för den empiriska undersökningen. Eftersom tidigare forskning kring små och medelstora IT-systemleverantörer saknas har studien utgått från empiri för att ta reda på vilka huvudsakliga hinder och fördelar som bör beaktas. Insamling av empiriskt material skedde genom kvalitativa intervjuer och teoretiska underlaget via litteraturstudier. Studien har därefter besvarat vilka huvudsakliga hinder och fördelar en liten eller medelstor IT-systemleverantör bör beakta vid transformation från produktsystem till tjänstesystem. / Software as a Service is growing fast by 50 % per year, while Software as a Product is dying. New services are established in an effective way to meet more needs with fewer resources and suppliers become involved during the entire product life cycle. Software as a Service is often associated with cloud services, where both storage and software are offered through network. These services can be offered from data centers where the provider operates IT-infrastructure. Service systems are sold primarily through two different revenue models, Pay as you Go-model or rental-model. By selling IT-system as a service, providers can expand their customer base to customers who do not have the financial power needed to purchase an IT-system software license. A lot suggests that a transformation from product to service is needed for IT-system suppliers, as demand in this segment is increasing. Swedish trade and industry consists of 99 % of small and medium-sized enterprises, but there is no previous research on the problems that may arise during the transformation and what a small or medium-sized IT-system vendor can achieve with a service system. The interest lies in investigating small and medium-sized IT-systems vendors' experiences of the transformation, including its barriers and benefits. The study conducted a theoretical study to get an understanding of Software as a Service and Software as a Product, this understanding has been the basis for the empirical study. Since previous research on small and medium-sized IT-systems suppliers are missing the study has been based on empirical data to find out what the main barriers and benefits that should be considered. Collection of empirical material was done through interviews and theoretical material through literature studies. The study subsequently responded to the main barriers and benefits a small or medium sized IT-system supplier should take into consideration before the transformation from product system to service system.The thesis is written in Swedish.