Population ageing has been taking place all over the world, being estimated that 2.1 billion people will be aged 60 or over in 2050. Healthcare Supportive Home (HSH) Systems have been proposed to overcome the high demand of remote home care for assisting an increasing number of elderly people living alone. Since a heterogeneous team of healthcare professionals need to collaborate to continually monitor health status of chronic patients, a cooperation of pre-existing e-Health systems, both outside and inside home, is required. However, current HSH solutions are proprietary, monolithic, high coupled, and expensive, and most of them do not consider their interoperation neither with distributed and external e-Health systems, nor with systems running inside the home (e.g., companion robots or activity monitors). These systems are sometimes designed based on local legislations, specific health system configurations (e.g., public, private or mixed), care plan protocols, and technological settings available; therefore, their reusability in other contexts is sometimes limited. As a consequence, these systems provide a limited view of patient health status, are difficult to evolve regarding the evolution of patients health profile, do not allow continuous patients monitoring, and present limitations to support the self-management of multiple chronic conditions. To contribute to solve the aforementioned challenges, this thesis establishes HomecARe, a reference architecture for supporting the development of quality HSH systems. HomecARe considers HSH systems as Systems-of-Systems (SoS) (i.e., large, complex systems composed of heterogeneous, distributed, and operational and managerial independent systems), which achieve their missions (e.g., improvement of patients quality of life) through the behavior that emerges as result of collaborations among their constituents. To establish HomecARe, a systematic process to engineer reference architectures was adopted. As a result, HomecARe presents domain knowledge and architectural solutions (i.e., architectural patterns and tactics) described using conceptual, mission, and quality architectural viewpoints. To assess HomecARe, a case study was performed by instantiating HomecARe to design the software architecture of DiaManT@Home, a HSH system to assist at home patients suffering of diabetes mellitus. Results evidenced HomecARe is a viable reference architecture to guide the development of reusable, interoperable, reliable, secure, and adaptive HSH systems, bringing important contributions for the areas of e-Health, software architecture, and reference architecture for SoS. / O envelhecimento da população é um fenômeno mundial e estima-se que no ano 2050, 2,1 bilhões de pessoas terão 60 anos ou mais. Sistemas de casas inteligentes para o cuidado da saúde (em inglês Healthcare Supportive Home - HSH systems) têm sido propostos para atender a alta demanda de serviços de monitoramento contínuo do número cada vez maior de pacientes que vivem sozinhos em suas residências. Considerando que o monitoramento do estado de saúde de pacientes crônicos requer a colaboração de equipes formadas por profissionais de várias especialidades, é fundamental que haja cooperação entre sistemas eletrônicos de saúde (por exemplo, sistemas de prontuário eletrônico ou sistemas de atenção de emergência), sendo eles externos ou internos à residência. Entretanto, as soluções de HSH existentes são comerciais, monolíticas, altamente acopladas e de alto custo. A maioria delas não considera a interoperabilidade entre sistemas distribuídos e exteriores ou internos à residência dos pacientes, como é o caso de robôs de companhia e monitores de atividade. Além disso, os sistemas de HSH muitas vezes são projetados com base em legislações locais, na estrutura do sistema de saúde (por exemplo, público, privado ou misto), nos planos de cuidados nacionais e nos recursos tecnológicos disponíveis; portanto, a reusabilidade desses sistemas em outros contextos é não é uma tarefa trivial. Em consequência, os sistemas de HSH existentes oferecem uma visão restrita do estado de saúde do paciente, são difíceis de evoluir acompanhando as mudanças no perfil de saúde do paciente, impossibilitando assim seu monitoramento contínuo e limitando o suporte para o paciente na autogestão de suas múltiplas condições crônicas. Visando contribuir na resolução dos desafios apresentados, esta tese estabelece a HomecARe, uma arquitetura de referência para apoiar o desenvolvimento de sistemas de HSH de qualidade. A HomecARe considera os sistemas de HSH como Sistemas-de-Sistemas (do inglês Systems-of-Systems - SoS) (ou seja, sistemas grandes e complexos formados por outros sistemas heterogêneos, distribuídos e que apresentam independência em seu gerenciamento e operação), que cumprem suas missões (por exemplo, melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente) mediante o comportamento que emerge resultante da colaborações entre seus sistemas constituintes. Para estabelecer a HomecARe, foi adotado um processo sistemático que apoia a engenharia de arquiteturas de referência. Como resultado, a HomecARe contém o conhecimento do domínio, bem como soluções arquiteturais (por exemplo, padrões arquiteturais e táticas) que são descritas usando os pontos de vista conceitual, de missão e de qualidade. A HomecARe foi avaliada por meio da condução de um estudo de caso em que a arquitetura de referência foi instanciada para projetar o DiaManT@Home, um sistema de HSH que visa apoiar pacientes diagnosticados com diabetes mellitus na autogestão de sua doença. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a HomecARe é uma arquitetura de referência viável para guiar o desenvolvimento de sistemas de HSH reusáveis, interoperáveis, confiáveis, seguros e adaptativos, trazendo importantes contribuições nas áreas de saúde eletrônica, arquitetura de software e arquiteturas de referência para SoS.

Submitted by PPG Ci?ncia da Computa??o (ppgcc@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-26T11:05:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MATEUS_PRESOTTO_BALEN_DIS.pdf: 1919889 bytes, checksum: 44d920fb6535d287fb71793205e67ca4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-07-02T11:52:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MATEUS_PRESOTTO_BALEN_DIS.pdf: 1919889 bytes, checksum: 44d920fb6535d287fb71793205e67ca4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-02T12:08:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MATEUS_PRESOTTO_BALEN_DIS.pdf: 1919889 bytes, checksum: 44d920fb6535d287fb71793205e67ca4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-12 / Software systems have become larger and more complex with considerable dissemination in many industries. Due to the need to become more comprehensive, eventually, operationally and managerially independent systems tend to interoperate with themselves. This integration between independent systems with evolutionary nature and geographically distributed results a class of systems called System-of-Systems. Considering that the architeture of software defines a base structure of a system and the engineering of requirements identifieds the necessary functionalities for a system, these activities are essential for any system, as a consequence, the identification of the stakeholders of a system becomes a primordial activity to elicit the necessary requirements and consequently build the system with the expected functionalities. This study preesents a process and a model for the identification of the main stakeholders of Acknowledged System-of-Systems with the objective of minimizing the problems caused in the definitions of requirements system and software architecture in thus category system. / Sistemas de software t?m se tornado maiores e mais complexos com consider?vel dissemina??o em muitas ?reas. Devido ? necessidade de se tornarem mais abrangentes, eventualmente, os sistemas operacionalmente e gerencialmente independentes tendem a interoperar entre eles. Esta integra??o entre sistemas independentes com natureza evolutiva e geograficamente distribu?do resulta uma classe de sistemas chamada Sistema-de-Sistemas. Uma vez que a Arquitetura de Software define a estrutura base de um sistema e a Engenharia de Requisitos identifica as funcionalidades necess?rias para um sistema, entende-se que essas atividades s?o essenciais para qualquer sistema, assim tornando a identifica??o dos stakeholders de um sistema uma atividade primordial para elicitar os requisitos necess?rios e, consequentemente, construir o sistema com as funcionalidades esperadas. Esta disserta??o apresenta um processo e um modelo para a identifica??o dos principais stakeholders de Sistema-de-Sistemas Acknowledged com o intuito de minimizar os problemas causados nas defini??es dos requisitos do sistema e da arquitetura de software por desconhecer os principais stakeholders.

Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-04-17T12:44:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Hugo Alves Velozo.pdf: 5196080 bytes, checksum: 14e9edcc07c0256cf726b1d0f7eb9a02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-17T12:44:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hugo Alves Velozo.pdf: 5196080 bytes, checksum: 14e9edcc07c0256cf726b1d0f7eb9a02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / CAPES / Most methods of identifcation of closed-loop dynamic systems are developed for linear and deterministic systems. However, most closed loop systems are nonlinear dynamic systems. In addition, such systems are subject to stochastic perturbations. Considering this problem, this work presents a methodology for the identifcation of closed loop stochastic nonlinear systems. For this purpose, the proposed methodology uses a local approach to identify nonlinear dynamic systems, that is, a set of Box-Jenkins local models are used to identify the dynamics of the nonlinear system. In this work, the nonlinear system is modeled through a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference system, where the parameters of the antecedent of the fuzzy rules are estimated with the fuzzy clustering algorithm GustafsonKessel and the consequent Box-Jenkins model parameters are estimated with the fuzzy fuzzy RIV (Refned Instrumental Variable) and fuzzy IVARMA (Instrumental Variable ARMA) algorithms. The proposed method is applied in the identifcation of a closed-loop nonlinear thermal plant. / A maioria dos métodos de identifcação de sistemas dinâmicos em malha fechada são desenvolvidos para sistemas lineares e determinísticos. Entretanto, a maioria dos sistemas operando em malha fechada são sistemas dinâmicos não lineares. Além disso, esses sistemas estão sujeitos a perturbações de natureza estocástica. Considerando essa problemática, este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para identifcação de sistemas não lineares estocásticos em malha fechada. Para isso, a metodologia proposta utiliza uma abordagem local de identifcação de sistemas dinâmicos não lineares, ou seja, um conjunto de modelos locais Box-Jenkins são utilizados para identifcar a dinâmica do sistema não linear. Neste trabalho, o sistema não linear é modelado por meio de um sistema de inferência fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno, onde os parâmetros do antecedente das regras fuzzy são estimados com o algoritmo de agrupamento fuzzy Gustafson-Kessel e o parâmetros do modelo Box-Jenkins do consequente são estimados com os algoritmos RIV (Refned Instrumental Variable) fuzzy e IVARMA (Instrumental Variable ARMA) fuzzy. O método proposto é aplicado na identifcação de uma planta térmica não linear em malha fechada.

Across many domains, systems suppliers are challenged by the complexity of their systems and the speed at which their systems must be changed in order to meet the needs of customers or the societies which the systems support. Stakeholder needs are ever more complex: appearing, disappearing, changing and interacting faster than solutions able to address them can be instantiated. Similarly, the systems themselves continually change as a result of both external and internal influences, such as damage, changing environment, upgrades, reconfiguration, replacement, etc. In the event of situations unforeseen at design time, personnel (for example maintainers or operators) close to the point of employment may have to modify systems in response to the evolving situation, and to do this in a timely manner so that the system and/or System-of-Systems (SoS: a set of systems that have to interoperate) can achieve their aims. This research was motivated by the problem of designing-in re-configurability to the constituent systems of a SoS to enable the SoS and its systems to effectively and efficiently counter the effects of unforeseen events that adversely affect fitness-for purpose whilst operational. This research shows that a SoS does not achieve or maintain fitness-for-purpose because it cannot implement the correct, timely and complete transfer of Material, Energy and Information (MEI) between its constituents and with its external environment that is necessary to achieve a desired outcome; i.e. the purpose.

The goal of this thesis is to summarize the mthods of systém thinking, and to analyze the benefits of using these methods while developing and using the information system on that basis. Part of the thesis targets is the creation of models for analysis of an organisation, projection and follow-up cration of na IS. The thesis also gives the views of IS use -- there it shows models for human resources and the views of services. The benefits of this thesis is the description of the methods of systém thinking, the application disciplines and their use while creating and using the IS. Other benefit should be the possibility to quicken the IS production and to lower external effects on the process of IS creation. In the domain of IS operation, the possibility of fuction modelling and the possibility of IT department simulation will be shown. In the first part of the work the topics of system thinking is defined -- from its definition to division o the problematics. In the same part there is also shown the impact of worldview and the application desciplines are defined -- such as systém analysis, systém dynamics and systém engineering. In the second part of the thesis, the reader can find the definition and analysis of the IS production -- mostly from the view of organization, for which the IS is designed. In the last part the readers may find the view of systems thinking and its benefits in the area of IS operation -- concretely the model, that shows and decribes the possibility of simulation and follow-up optimisation in the organization.

Population ageing has been taking place all over the world, being estimated that 2.1 billion people will be aged 60 or over in 2050. Healthcare Supportive Home (HSH) Systems have been proposed to overcome the high demand of remote home care for assisting an increasing number of elderly people living alone. Since a heterogeneous team of healthcare professionals need to collaborate to continually monitor health status of chronic patients, a cooperation of pre-existing e-Health systems, both outside and inside home, is required. However, current HSH solutions are proprietary, monolithic, high coupled, and expensive, and most of them do not consider their interoperation neither with distributed and external e-Health systems, nor with systems running inside the home (e.g., companion robots or activity monitors). These systems are sometimes designed based on local legislations, specific health system configurations (e.g., public, private or mixed), care plan protocols, and technological settings available; therefore, their reusability in other contexts is sometimes limited. As a consequence, these systems provide a limited view of patient health status, are difficult to evolve regarding the evolution of patients health profile, do not allow continuous patients monitoring, and present limitations to support the self-management of multiple chronic conditions. To contribute to solve the aforementioned challenges, this thesis establishes HomecARe, a reference architecture for supporting the development of quality HSH systems. HomecARe considers HSH systems as Systems-of-Systems (SoS) (i.e., large, complex systems composed of heterogeneous, distributed, and operational and managerial independent systems), which achieve their missions (e.g., improvement of patients quality of life) through the behavior that emerges as result of collaborations among their constituents. To establish HomecARe, a systematic process to engineer reference architectures was adopted. As a result, HomecARe presents domain knowledge and architectural solutions (i.e., architectural patterns and tactics) described using conceptual, mission, and quality architectural viewpoints. To assess HomecARe, a case study was performed by instantiating HomecARe to design the software architecture of DiaManT@Home, a HSH system to assist at home patients suffering of diabetes mellitus. Results evidenced HomecARe is a viable reference architecture to guide the development of reusable, interoperable, reliable, secure, and adaptive HSH systems, bringing important contributions for the areas of e-Health, software architecture, and reference architecture for SoS. / O envelhecimento da população é um fenômeno mundial e estima-se que no ano 2050, 2,1 bilhões de pessoas terão 60 anos ou mais. Sistemas de casas inteligentes para o cuidado da saúde (em inglês Healthcare Supportive Home - HSH systems) têm sido propostos para atender a alta demanda de serviços de monitoramento contínuo do número cada vez maior de pacientes que vivem sozinhos em suas residências. Considerando que o monitoramento do estado de saúde de pacientes crônicos requer a colaboração de equipes formadas por profissionais de várias especialidades, é fundamental que haja cooperação entre sistemas eletrônicos de saúde (por exemplo, sistemas de prontuário eletrônico ou sistemas de atenção de emergência), sendo eles externos ou internos à residência. Entretanto, as soluções de HSH existentes são comerciais, monolíticas, altamente acopladas e de alto custo. A maioria delas não considera a interoperabilidade entre sistemas distribuídos e exteriores ou internos à residência dos pacientes, como é o caso de robôs de companhia e monitores de atividade. Além disso, os sistemas de HSH muitas vezes são projetados com base em legislações locais, na estrutura do sistema de saúde (por exemplo, público, privado ou misto), nos planos de cuidados nacionais e nos recursos tecnológicos disponíveis; portanto, a reusabilidade desses sistemas em outros contextos é não é uma tarefa trivial. Em consequência, os sistemas de HSH existentes oferecem uma visão restrita do estado de saúde do paciente, são difíceis de evoluir acompanhando as mudanças no perfil de saúde do paciente, impossibilitando assim seu monitoramento contínuo e limitando o suporte para o paciente na autogestão de suas múltiplas condições crônicas. Visando contribuir na resolução dos desafios apresentados, esta tese estabelece a HomecARe, uma arquitetura de referência para apoiar o desenvolvimento de sistemas de HSH de qualidade. A HomecARe considera os sistemas de HSH como Sistemas-de-Sistemas (do inglês Systems-of-Systems - SoS) (ou seja, sistemas grandes e complexos formados por outros sistemas heterogêneos, distribuídos e que apresentam independência em seu gerenciamento e operação), que cumprem suas missões (por exemplo, melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente) mediante o comportamento que emerge resultante da colaborações entre seus sistemas constituintes. Para estabelecer a HomecARe, foi adotado um processo sistemático que apoia a engenharia de arquiteturas de referência. Como resultado, a HomecARe contém o conhecimento do domínio, bem como soluções arquiteturais (por exemplo, padrões arquiteturais e táticas) que são descritas usando os pontos de vista conceitual, de missão e de qualidade. A HomecARe foi avaliada por meio da condução de um estudo de caso em que a arquitetura de referência foi instanciada para projetar o DiaManT@Home, um sistema de HSH que visa apoiar pacientes diagnosticados com diabetes mellitus na autogestão de sua doença. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a HomecARe é uma arquitetura de referência viável para guiar o desenvolvimento de sistemas de HSH reusáveis, interoperáveis, confiáveis, seguros e adaptativos, trazendo importantes contribuições nas áreas de saúde eletrônica, arquitetura de software e arquiteturas de referência para SoS.

The thesis deals with the development of systems for intelligent building, focused on wiring system, division of them and comparison of their differences. The advantages of these systems like comfort, energy reduction, etc. are also mentioned. Nowadays several standards of systems for intelligent building exist as KNX/EIB or LON, therefore thesis concerns to trade-off these standards too. Main part of the thesis is focused on system Egon made by company ABB where the system concept as well as bus modules are described that allow different functions, mutual connection of modules and their programming. Tutorial panel with ABB Ego-n wiring system, which will be used for study purpose, is designed in the practical part of the work. It includes scheme of the panel, electric linkage of components and photographs of constructed panel as documentation. In the final part of the work two examples of laboratory exercise for installation and setting are listed, including programming description.

<p>The aging water infrastructure system in the United States has posed considerable hindrance to policy-makers as they seek to provide safe, reliable, and clean drinking water for communities. The deterioration of the physical water infrastructure negatively affects the economics of water utilities and can lead to increases in water rates for consumers, so that utilities can recover the financial losses. However, the dynamics emerging from the interactions among changes in water service reliability, water-rates, consumer behavior (with respect to water consumption and willingness to support water-rate changes in response to changes in water rates, and water utility economics, are still unknown factors in the management of water infrastructure systems. </p> <p>The overarching objective of this dissertation is the creation and demonstration of the dynamics of coupled human and water infrastructure systems under conditions of water main breaks and water-rate increases. First, using water-main break data for a 21-year period from two U.S. cities in the Great Lakes region, the dissertation demonstrates a methodology to estimate the system-wide monthly frequency of water main breaks as a function of a number of explanatory variables. Using a random-parameters negative-binomial approach, the statistical estimations show that pipe diameters, average pipe age, distribution of pipe age, pipe material, time of year, and mean monthly temperature all have a significant impact on monthly water main break frequencies. The results can assist asset managers in quantifying the effect of factors may have on the likelihood of water main breaks, as well as in making cost-effective decisions regarding pipe renewal.</p> <p>Next, by incorporating qualitative survey data and using quantitative econometric methods, consumer behaviors in responses to the water-rate increases, and based on perceptions of water service reliability and quality in a Midwestern U.S. city was evaluated. Using a multivariate binary probit approach, the results provide insights as to how individuals are likely to respond to water-rate increases based on the reliability of current water services and the quality of the supplied water. The outputs of the econometric enable utility managers to better understand the behavior of consumers under different rate conditions and help water utilities in their long-term and short-term financial analyses.</p> <p>Finally, the aforementioned two components are integrated into the interdependency analysis to evaluate the interactive effects of features of the physical water infrastructure (pipeline characteristics, water and associated energy losses, and the revenue loss for water utilities) and the behavior of stakeholders (water utilities and consumers). The developed hybrid system dynamics and agent-based model examines interdependencies between the physical water infrastructure, the water utility, and the water consumers to explore possible emergent behavior patterns of water users during water rate increases over time. The model is demonstrated over the 2001–2010 period on a case study city with a large water distribution system that includes 4,000 miles of pipeline and nine water treatment plants serving a population of 863,000. This model was then verified and validated throughout the development of simulation models and included the following steps: 1) data validity, 2) conceptual model validity, 3) computerized model validity, and 4) operational validity. The results suggest the simulated behavior of the model was reasonable and the output of the simulation model regrading water main break frequency, amount of water and associated energy losses, generated revenue, and payoff periods for implementing proactive maintenance strategies had the accuracy required for the model’s intended purpose. </p> <p>The framework developed in this doctoral study can be applied to different size classifications of cities, as well as different classifications of utility companies (such as electricity and gas) by updating the parameters in the model to reflect the characteristics of the infrastructure system components. The distinctive methodological approach in this doctoral work could capture the emergent behaviors of human-water infrastructure interactions such as the impact of increasing water-rates on residential consumers, the impact of water price elasticity cascading into the water utility revenue, and the impact of residential consumers’ water consumption on water utility revenues. In conclusion, the results of this doctoral research can assist asset managers in understanding their systems, identify pathways for growing revenue through reducing non-revenue water and increasing water-rates, and implementing a proactive pipeline asset management program towards the provision for safe, reliable, and clean drinking water.</p>

<p>Managing the highly dynamic and interdependent systems within a district energy system is an intricately complex undertaking. A district energy manager is expected to make decisions that will result in the achievement of the district’s goals, often with limited capital and personnel resources. What has been lacking in the tools available to a district energy manager is an established decision-making framework with which to process the complex internal and external variables involved to effectively develop and evaluate options to make successful decisions.<br><a></a></p> <p> </p> <p>While capitalizing on the experience of seasoned district energy managers and a literature review of current methodologies, this dissertation assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the methodologies currently available to managers of district energy systems and presents a new and more comprehensive decision-making framework. A system of systems engineering approach is applied, and multiple relevant case studies are analyzed. Procedures for significantly mitigating many of the external risks to a district energy system are developed and documented. </p> <p> </p> <p>The main contribution of this dissertation is a unique decision-making framework with a holistic approach encompassing the complexity, emergence, and interdependency of district energy subsystems. This framework will aid a district energy manager in making successful decisions which meet the goals of the district.</p>

Throughout history, humans have proven to develop and improve their quality of life constantly. Incorporating mechanical principles into otherwise manual labor was one such aspect. Today, introducing mechanization to the industry and steam power is regarded as the first industrial revolution. Since then, a second and a third have followed, introducing concepts such as electricity, automation, computers, and computerization. Finally, in 2011 the fourth industrial revolution was introduced as Industry 4.0 by a project started in Germany, which considers digitalization. Industry 4.0 uses concepts such as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing. The goal of these concepts is to be able to further the capabilities of automation in the industry, creating smart factories. A problem experienced today when making changes to the production line is that an immense amount of hard coding is required for the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) controlling the system as well as for the system controlling the factory. The Eclipse Arrowhead Framework addresses these issues by applying a particular set of parameters to all systems within the IT infrastructure. The Arrowheadframework offers parameters such as orchestrator, authorization, and a service registry to each system incorporated within the framework. By applying this, the System of Systems (SoS) and the parameters provided by the Arrowhead framework create a local cloud. In doing so, each system within a factory belongs to its local cloud, building a factory made of a cluster of local clouds. By applying the ideas of Industry 4.0, a proof of concept is created, showing that today’s industry would benefit from using the concepts stated above with digital twins. The thesis explores and proves that, with the help of digital twins, today’s industry can cut down on manufacturing process development. In addition, it reduces the time it takes to apply changes to the production line by enabling machine learning to facilitate human interaction. A model factory created by fischertechnik is used, together with a PLC, as the physical twin in this master thesis. In addition, using Siemens Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software NX, a digital twin is created; this digital twin will communicate with the physical twin to simulate the behavior of the physical twin in real-time. A server has been created and is acting as a hub of communication for both of the twins. The use of the digital twin to communicate with the physical twin will enable tremendous advances in automation regarding industry 4.0.