Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1965.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1965.

The goal of this thesis was to understand Queueing Theory and use it for analysis of queueing system of hypermarket company PZV. Theoretical part is consists of basic iformations which is necessary to know for application of queueing theory. First chapter is about random variables, random event, random proces, stochastic and Poisson processes and Markov chains. Then was possible to describe queueing theory basic characteristics, parameters, analy-sis, classification and basic models. In the practical part was from the beginning analyze development of custo-mers going through cashier zone. On the base of analysis were customers divided into 4 groups. For these groups were counted characteristics and parameters, next was analyzed the system, but because data were too inaccurate, it was necessary to use different values for the groups and to count analysis for these values. The last step was to find number of cashiers to make system optimal. The result, it was 4 ca-shiers, was unfortunately not accurate. For better results it would be necessary to have more detail data.

This document is the doctoral thesis of L Bruce Archer. It is a part of his pioneering attempts in the 1960s to create a science of design - a project he later looked back on with some regret. For a discussion, see "The Structure of Design Processes: ideal and reality in Bruce Archer’s 1968 doctoral thesis" http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/1721/ This version of the thesis document is a photocopy that includes hand-corrections and amendments made onto the typescript. It seems to have been prepared as copy for a book: the closing remarks in the document thank "the designer of this book, Brian Grimbly" (one-time art editor of Design magazine). No such book was ever published. Archer's introduction states: "This thesis attempts to set up a framework within which the set of skills, sensibilities and intellectual disciplines that, taken together, constitute the art of designing might be logically related so as to form the basis of a science of design. No attempt is made here to distinguish between architectural, engineering and industrial design. Indeed, it is an essential element in the philosophy underlying this thesis that the logical nature of the act of designing is largely independent of the character of the thing designed. By the same token, no attempt is made here to define 'good design'. The argument presented is concerned with the theory of navigating towards a chosen destination rather than with the identity or merit of the destination itself. "A logical model of the design process is developed, and a terminology and notation is adopted, which is intended to be compatible with the neighbouring disciplines of management science and operational research. Many of the concepts and techniques presented are, indeed, derived from those disciplines. A primary purpose of this work is to provide a conceptual framework and an operational notation within which designers might work and upon which case study analyses might be based. "The range of techniques and disciplines which might be employed at various stages in the conduct of a design project are referred to only in general terms. Different design problems, and different classes of design activity, call for different techniques and different emphases at various stages. There is no suggestion here that all design should be conducted according to a given formula - only that the logic of any design problem may be better perceived against the background of a common framework. "In certain instances, the general form of the laws which are thought to connect certain phenomena common to most design problems is indicated. It is hoped that the logical model, terminology and notation presented will facilitate the accumulation of the case study data, and the derivation of the more precise general laws, upon which an emergent science of design must be based." A note on accuracy This PDF of the Archer doctoral thesis has been processed for Optical Character Recognition with a reasonable degree of accuracy for the typescript parts. It has not been hand-corrected. The captions and other textual parts of the figures, being in handwriting, have not been processed.

abstract: Quantum resilience is a pragmatic theory that allows systems engineers to formally characterize the resilience of systems. As a generalized theory, it not only clarifies resilience in the literature, but also can be applied to all disciplines and domains of discourse. Operationalizing resilience in this manner permits decision-makers to compare and contrast system deployment options for suitability in a variety of environments and allows for consistent treatment of resilience across domains. Systems engineers, whether planning future infrastructures or managing ecosystems, are increasingly asked to deliver resilient systems. Quantum resilience provides a way forward that allows specific resilience requirements to be specified, validated, and verified. Quantum resilience makes two very important claims. First, resilience cannot be characterized without recognizing both the system and the valued function it provides. Second, resilience is not about disturbances, insults, threats, or perturbations. To avoid crippling infinities, characterization of resilience must be accomplishable without disturbances in mind. In light of this, quantum resilience defines resilience as the extent to which a system delivers its valued functions, and characterizes resilience as a function of system productivity and complexity. System productivity vis-à-vis specified “valued functions” involves (1) the quanta of the valued function delivered, and (2) the number of systems (within the greater system) which deliver it. System complexity is defined structurally and relationally and is a function of a variety of items including (1) system-of-systems hierarchical decomposition, (2) interfaces and connections between systems, and (3) inter-system dependencies. Among the important features of quantum resilience is that it can be implemented in any system engineering tool that provides sufficient design and specification rigor (i.e., one that supports standards like the Lifecycle and Systems Modeling languages and frameworks like the DoD Architecture Framework). Further, this can be accomplished with minimal software development and has been demonstrated in three model-based system engineering tools, two of which are commercially available, well-respected, and widely used. This pragmatic approach assures transparency and consistency in characterization of resilience in any discipline. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil and Environmental Engineering 2015

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The present context and tendencies in modern production system, as mass customization, requires improvements with respect to the agility of the production organizations. In this sense, agile approaches have been proposed, such as the holonic approach. In Holonic Manufacturing System (HMS) the production entities, as resources and products, are envisaged with a type of intelligence. These smart-entities are called holons (HLs) whose intelligence is related to their autonomy and collaboration skills. The HMS also comprises a Holonic Control (HC) that must properly organize holon collaborations in order to become agile. Actually, HMS development requires engineering tools for design and testing. In this doctoral thesis, a meta-model for HC is proposed, whose instances are simulated within a particular tool called ANALYTICE II. This tool presents a clear separation between high-level control and emulated resources. Firstly, before the proposition of the HC meta-model, the resource holonification is proposed in this environment. Each Resource-HL is obtained by means of a virtual resource that provides data and services of an emulated-resource at a high level of control. Subsequently, the meta-model for HC over Resource-HLs following a process-driven production approach is proposed. The essence of the solution is based on Rule Base System (RBS) concepts being the causal relations of control dealt with by entities called Rules. The inference process in this RBS is realized through collaborations based upon notifications. The Resource-HLs notify the Rules about factual knowledge with respect to their states. Each Rule that is notified deliberates about the proper moment to execute some control action, as the coordination of a set of Resource-HLs, using causal knowledge. The inference occurs within a notification chain enabled by a group of Resource-HL agents and Rule agents. This kind of inference can be expected to provide advantages for the HC, such as high reactivity and entity decoupling. Furthermore, it allows for the creation of co-operative mechanisms for dealing with determinism and conflict issues. Moreover, this approach of rule-oriented control allows for coherent control implementation and expression. The control mechanisms emerge based on causal control knowledge expressed by experts in the Rules. Experts are exclusively concerned with the proper control knowledge needed for exploiting system flexibilities in order to increase system agility. Furthermore, some experts could even be artificial agents automatically dealing with knowledge of the Rules. Briefly, this process-driven HC solution concomitantly treats a set of control issues while also being a self-contained and open solution. Indeed, the solution openness allows its interpretation as a product-driven solution. The product-driven control is a tendency to reach agility by the decoupling of production demands and execution via entities like Smart-Product-HLs. Each Smart-Product-HL is concerned with a specific customized production order. The Smart-Product-HLs, with certain autonomy, use Resource-HLs to reach their production goals. In the meta-model interpretation, their interactions are organized by Rules for Resource-HL cooperation that avoids inappropriate system behavior. In this context, the execution of Rules depends upon the explicit Smart-Product-HL interest in their utilization. In some manner, each Smart-Product- HL deals with Rules as a kind of expert agent. The solution has been applied in a set of examples in ANALYTICE II presenting some simulation independence because each control instance is not aware that Resource-HLs and Smart-Product-HLs are simulated.

Acompanha : Manual didático para o desenvolvimento de aulas no ensino de análise de requisitos de software utilizando aprendizagem significativa e mapas conceituais / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a contribuição da aprendizagem significativa e mapas conceituais no ensino de análise de requisitos de software. As temáticas perquiridas abordam a teoria de David Ausubel sobre aprendizagem significativa e a construção de mapas conceituais como ferramentas de apoio ao ensino de análise de requisitos de software nos cursos técnicos em informática. A pesquisa classificada como exploratória de natureza qualitativa, possui origem interpretativa e foi realizada em sala de aula, em uma turma do curso técnico em informática na modalidade subseqüente contendo quatorze alunos. As aulas contemplam a utilização de organizadores prévios na apresentação da teoria de análise de requisitos, exercícios que sugerem a busca por conhecimentos já existentes na estrutura cognitiva e a construção de mapas conceituais realizados pelo professor como apoio didático, e pelos alunos, na relação dos conceitos dos requisitos de software relativos ao trabalho de conclusão de curso (TCC). Os resultados foram analisados por aulas do ponto de vista do professor onde se percebeu que a estratégia utilizada neste trabalho, mas precisamente na aula 2, contribuiu para que o aluno faça a ancoragem dos subsunçores e assim a assimilação dos novos conceitos e na aula 7 são capazes de construir mapas conceituais para estabelecer a ligação entre os conceitos. Por fim, na visão dos alunos através de entrevista coletiva quanto aos benefícios de utilização de mapas conceituais nas aulas de análise de requisitos de software e os quais foram classificados como satisfatórios. Foi produzido um manual didático contendo os passos utilizados neste trabalho o qual poderá ser utilizado por outros professores. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of meaningful learning and concept maps in teaching analysis of software requirements. The thematic approach researched David Ausubel's theory of meaningful learning and the construction of concept maps as tools to support teaching analysis of software requirements in technical courses in computer science. The survey classified as exploratory qualitative, interpretive origin and has been held in the classroom, in a class of computer technician course in subsequent modality containing fourteen students. divided into stages. The classes include the use of previous organizers in presenting the theory of requirements analysis, exercises suggest that the search for knowledge existing in the cognitive structure and the construction of concept maps made by the teacher to support teaching and by students, about the concepts of software requirements for the completion of course work (TCC). The results were analyzed by the class teacher's point of view where it was realized that the strategy used in this work, but precisely in class 2, helped the student make the anchoring of subsumers and thus the assimilation of new concepts in class and 7 are able to construct conceptual maps to establish the connection between the concepts. Finally, in view of the students through a press conference about the benefits of using concept maps in class requirements analysis and software which were rated as satisfactory. It produced a teaching manual containing the steps used in this work which can be used by other teachers.

Acompanha : Manual didático para o desenvolvimento de aulas no ensino de análise de requisitos de software utilizando aprendizagem significativa e mapas conceituais / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a contribuição da aprendizagem significativa e mapas conceituais no ensino de análise de requisitos de software. As temáticas perquiridas abordam a teoria de David Ausubel sobre aprendizagem significativa e a construção de mapas conceituais como ferramentas de apoio ao ensino de análise de requisitos de software nos cursos técnicos em informática. A pesquisa classificada como exploratória de natureza qualitativa, possui origem interpretativa e foi realizada em sala de aula, em uma turma do curso técnico em informática na modalidade subseqüente contendo quatorze alunos. As aulas contemplam a utilização de organizadores prévios na apresentação da teoria de análise de requisitos, exercícios que sugerem a busca por conhecimentos já existentes na estrutura cognitiva e a construção de mapas conceituais realizados pelo professor como apoio didático, e pelos alunos, na relação dos conceitos dos requisitos de software relativos ao trabalho de conclusão de curso (TCC). Os resultados foram analisados por aulas do ponto de vista do professor onde se percebeu que a estratégia utilizada neste trabalho, mas precisamente na aula 2, contribuiu para que o aluno faça a ancoragem dos subsunçores e assim a assimilação dos novos conceitos e na aula 7 são capazes de construir mapas conceituais para estabelecer a ligação entre os conceitos. Por fim, na visão dos alunos através de entrevista coletiva quanto aos benefícios de utilização de mapas conceituais nas aulas de análise de requisitos de software e os quais foram classificados como satisfatórios. Foi produzido um manual didático contendo os passos utilizados neste trabalho o qual poderá ser utilizado por outros professores. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of meaningful learning and concept maps in teaching analysis of software requirements. The thematic approach researched David Ausubel's theory of meaningful learning and the construction of concept maps as tools to support teaching analysis of software requirements in technical courses in computer science. The survey classified as exploratory qualitative, interpretive origin and has been held in the classroom, in a class of computer technician course in subsequent modality containing fourteen students. divided into stages. The classes include the use of previous organizers in presenting the theory of requirements analysis, exercises suggest that the search for knowledge existing in the cognitive structure and the construction of concept maps made by the teacher to support teaching and by students, about the concepts of software requirements for the completion of course work (TCC). The results were analyzed by the class teacher's point of view where it was realized that the strategy used in this work, but precisely in class 2, helped the student make the anchoring of subsumers and thus the assimilation of new concepts in class and 7 are able to construct conceptual maps to establish the connection between the concepts. Finally, in view of the students through a press conference about the benefits of using concept maps in class requirements analysis and software which were rated as satisfactory. It produced a teaching manual containing the steps used in this work which can be used by other teachers.