This study designed and implemented an appearance-based skin cancer prevention intervention in college-aged females. One hundred and forty-seven respondents were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. Treatment respondents received a short workbook describing the appearance damaging effects of indoor tanning. At short-term follow-up (2 weeks later) treatment respondents had significantly more negative attitudes toward indoor tanning, and reported fewer intentions to indoor tan. At 2-month follow-up, treatment respondents reported indoor tanning one-half as much as control respondents in the previous 2 months. This appearance-based intervention was able to produce clinically significant changes in indoor tanning use tendencies that could have a beneficial effect on the future development of skin cancer.

No description available.

Twitter may be useful for learning about indoor tanning behavior and attitudes. The objective of this study was to analyze the content of tweets about indoor tanning to determine the extent to which tweets are posted by people who tan, and to characterize the topics of tweets. We extracted 4,691 unique tweets from Twitter using the terms “tanning bed” or “tanning salon” over 7 days in March 2016. We content analyzed a random selection of 1,000 tweets, double-coding 20% of tweets (κ = 0.74, 81% agreement). Most tweets (71%) were by tanners (n = 699 individuals) and included tweets expressing positive sentiment about tanning (57%), and reports of a negative tanning experience (17%), burning (15%), or sleeping in a tanning bed (9%). Four percent of tweets were by tanning salon employees. Tweets posted by people unlikely to be tanners (15%) included tweets mocking tanners (71%) and health warnings (29%). The term “tanning bed” had higher precision for identifying individuals who engage in indoor tanning than “tanning salon”; 77% versus 45% of tweets captured by these search terms were by individuals who engaged in indoor tanning, respectively. Extrapolating to the full data set of 4,691 tweets, findings suggest that an average of 468 individuals who engage in indoor tanning can be identified by their tweets per day. The majority of tweets were from tanners and included reports of especially risky habits (e.g., burning, falling asleep). Twitter provides opportunity to identify indoor tanners and examine conversations about indoor tanning.

Using the Theory of Alternative Behavior (Jaccard, 1981), we examined the relationship of warmth sensuousness, physical sensuousness, and sensation seeking to individuals' tanning salon behaviors, intentions, and attitudes among undergraduates at a Southeastern university. Females, high sensation seekers, those high in warmth sensuousness, and those with darker skin types were more likely to tan. Females were more likely to intend to tan in the next year. Those higher in warmth sensuousness were more likely to intend to tan more than 10 times in the next year. Females and subjects higher in warmth sensuousness had more positive attitudes toward tanning. Significant interactions were found between warmth sensuousness and sensation seeking in the predictions of intention of tanning within the next year, and intentions of tanning more than 10 times within the next year. For both interactions, as sensation seeking increased, the relationship between warmth sensuousness and intentions strengthened.

Recent research shows that 7.7% of individuals who use indoor tanning beds do so in private homes,1 but little is known about this group. This study evaluated the tanning practices, reasons for tanning, and association with tanning addiction of adults who use tanning beds in private residences.

Indoor tanning is a public health threat,1 and the Surgeon General has called for its reduction in adolescents and young adults.2 Research on indoor tanning has not distinguished between tanning-only salons vs other businesses and private residences that provide tanning (ie, nonsalon tanning). For example, gyms often offer free tanning, which may lead to riskier tanning habits.3 Better understanding of nonsalon tanning could have policy, prevention, and clinical implications. Our study addresses this literature gap by examining the prevalence and correlates of nonsalon tanning in a nationally representative sample of young women, who have the highest rates of indoor tanning use.

The use of artificial ultraviolet (UV) indoor tanning (IT) beds increases the risk of skin cancer. The IT industry claims IT devices provide users with control over the amount of UV radiation exposure and thus reduces risks of sunburn (i.e., skin erythema) when tanning. This study aims to establish the prevalence and predictors of IT-related erythema using diary data. Six bimonthly diary surveys were administered to 198 female college IT users. Diaries assessed IT use and IT-related erythema. Among participants who used IT, 66 % experienced at least one episode of erythema and nearly one in five IT sessions resulted in skin erythema. Those who reported the most frequent IT use prior to the study were less likely to experience an IT-related erythema on a given IT session compared to the least experienced IT users. Perceived susceptibility to burns from IT use was positively associated with risk of erythema. Erythema was a frequently reported experience among IT users. Implications for policy makers and behavioral medicine practitioners are discussed

Läder som material har använts av människor i århundraden och är ett av de mest tåliga materialen som finns idag. Detta leder till att det produceras extremt höga mängder läder där den högsta andelen som produceras är kromgarvat läder, som står för cirka 90 procent av den totala läderproduktionen. I och med dagens medvetenhet kring miljö och hur läder påverkar denna efterfrågas alternativa material. Piñatex är ett material där man använt sig av bladen på ananasplantan för att sedan producera ett nonwoven-material som är likt läder, trots att det inte skapats som ett substitut till läder, men användningsområdena är desamma. Piñatex kan vara ett alternativt material när det gäller hållbarhet över tid men även ur miljösynpunkt. I denna rapport är syftet att studera tillverkningsprocesserna för Piñatex, kromgarvat läder och vegetabiliskt garvat läder för att ge ökad förståelse för deras miljöpåverkan. Dessutom utförs materialtester för att se hur de tekniska egenskaperna skiljer sig mellan materialen. Testresultaten i denna studie visar på att materialen har olika för- och nackdelar beroende på vilket test som utförts. Vidare är det svårt att veta exakt hur stor miljöpåverkan de olika tillverkningsprocesserna har, men kromgarvning är den process som med största sannolikhet leder till störst inverkan på miljön. I slutändan handlar ett materials önskvärdhet om preferenser från användarna och i vilket syfte ett material ska användas. / Leather has been used by humans for centuries and it is one of the most resistant materials that exists today. This leads to a high production of leather, where the largest part comes from chrome tanning, which stands for approximately 90 % of the total leather industry. Because of today’s awareness surrounding the environment and how leather affects it, demand for alternative materials are increasing. Piñatex is a material based on the leaves of the pineapple plant, which is turned into a non woven material, looking alot like leather. Although it is not created as a substitute for leather, the areas of use are the same. Piñatex can be an alternative material when it comes to durability but also from an environmental point of view. The purpose of this report is to study the manufacturing processes for Piñatex, chrome tanned leather and vegetable tanned leather to yield a higher understanding for their environmental impact. Futhermore, material testing is carried out to see how the technical properties differentiate between the materials. Test results from this study show that the materials have different advantages and disadvantages depending on which test has been carried out. It is hard to know exactly how big the environmental impact from the different manufacturing processes are, but chrome tanning is probably the one with the highest impact. In the end, the desirability of a certain material all comes down to user preferences and for which purpose the material will be used.

The leather tanning industry of the mid-19th to early 20th Century plays an important role in our social and economic evolution. An abundance of information on the industry can be obtained from historical documentation. However, leather tanning is not well represented in the archaeological record. In order to grasp its cultural implications, the historic tanning industry must be studied within an archaeological context. Interpretations derived from the material culture gained from archaeological excavations can augment the known history of the industry. However, given the current lack of archaeological information, it is difficult to anticipate the types of features that are likely to be encountered on tannery sites. This thesis paper will present a synthesis of historical accounts with what we know from past archaeological investigations resulting in predictive model for future tannery excavations. The model will facilitate the recognition and interpretation of tannery related features. / Department of Anthropology

Content: Traditional chromium tanning agents cannot conform to the requirement of sustainable and cleaner development under current leather producing. Compared with chromium tanning agents, vegetable tanning agents have been widely used in tanning process by the virtue of its non-toxicity, low pollution, biodegradability and regenerability. In this study, a novel vegetable tanning agent was extracted from the Coriaria nepalensis bark (CNB) by alkali solution. In order to optimize extraction conditions, the response surface Box-Behnken design was used in this experiment. The key factors including alkali concentration, extraction time, extraction temperature, liquid to solid ratio and extraction times. The experimental results showed that under the conditions of 0.22% sodium hydroxide concentration, 63 min extraction time, 83℃ extraction temperature and 24 liquid to solid ratio, the yield of tannins in CNB is 15%, tannins in extractives up to 50%. Afterwards, the composition and molecular mass were evaluated, we discovered that the extractives belong to hydrolyzable tannins and its molecular mass ranged from 599 to 1457 Da. Furthermore, the extractives were used in sheep garment tanning process. The results showed that the shrinking temperature of tanned leather can reach to 75 ℃. Applying the extractives to the retanning process, the shrinking temperature of retanned leather can reach to 130 ℃. Surprisingly, the color of tanned or retanned leather coincide with the requirement of light leather. Take-Away: 1 New vegetable tanning agent from Coriaria nepalensis bark. 2 The vegetable tanning agent belongs to hydrolyzable tannins and its molecular mass ranged from 599 to 1457 Da. 3 The shrinking temperature of tanned leather and retanned leather can reach to 75 ℃ and 130 ℃ respectively.