This thesis is a study of Italian women’s sensual embodiment in leisure and tourism experiences (involving beautifying in the city and tanning at the beach) in, and around, the city of Rome. The central link in this thesis connects the field of tourism studies with social cultural theories of the ‘body’, placing this research within the most recent theoretical debates on the body. It is argued that in everyday life people take their bodies for granted, yet the body is absolutely crucial to the way we engage with the world and the people around us. Through analysing Italian women’s embodiment, this thesis seeks to gain in-depth understanding of Italian society and more particularly women’s position in society, thereby positioning the field of tourism studies as a means for analysing people’s quotidian cultural habits. Embracing the critical paradigm, this thesis takes a reflexive and embodied approach to research, challenging the all-pervasive hegemonic dominance of positivist, masculinist Western academic approaches. Through post feminist lenses, auto ethnography, in-depth interviewing and document analysis were used to carry out the field work, with the central aim of capturing and contextualising Italian women’s voices and embodiment. This research shows Italian society to be strongly patriarchal, reflecting gender inequity and inequality. Women are dominated in discourse (politics, senior management and television shows being predominantly male), pressured into family roles, and objectified in society through the media and the male gaze. Paradoxically, women are empowered through choosing to reproduce patriarchal values of beauty and objectification (the power of the agency), and to embody these in a sensual and sensuous way, thereby reversing power relations in their favour. Aiming to understand Italian society through exploring women’s sensual embodiment, this thesis contributes to a broader understanding of the gendered construction of social identity, and of patriarchy and power relations, from a woman’s perspective. It contributes to gender and body studies in the tourism field through bringing these separate fields together, through exploring the power of agency in embodiment, and through the critical research approach to the body.

[1-14C]-N-Acetyldopamine (NADA) was oxidized in the presence of methyl [3-3H]-β-alanate with mushroom tyrosinase. The complex mixture of reaction products was partly resolved by chromatographic procedures and analyzed by spectroscopic methods. Methyl-β-alanate is incorporated to only a small extent into oxidation products of NADA which inter alia are presumed to be oligomeric hydroxyquinones. After oxidation of [1-14C, 2-3H]-NADA with preparations from tanning Manduca sexta pupal cuticle, N-acetylnoradrenalin was identified as one of the products. Binding of radioactivity to melanin-like material was also observed. These results suggest that oxidation products different from those formulated usually for the crosslinkages between protein amino groups and N-acetyldopaquinone are deposited in darkly brown coloured insect cuticles during sclerotization.

In the decade of 1990s, many traditional industries of Taiwan, especially those of labor intense type, began to transfer their production lines to off shore sites for their foreign direct investment. Many of them were following their customers¡¦ migrations to China, Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries based on the need of upgrading their competence through supply chain integration and taking advantages of the abundance in human resource and lower labor cost in these countries. This study applies tanning industry A company as a model which became a multi-national corporate (MNC) by establishing its first tannery in Taiwan during the 1980s, building up its second factory in China in 1998 and then opening its third one in Vietnam for mass production in 2004. Concerning the environmental and water conservation issues, the three tanneries of A company utilize a production process using wet blue instead of salted hides that most tanneries use as raw material to make finished leather as products. In the past few years, the volatility in hide market price, over capacity in the tanning industry worldwide, and customer¡¦s bargaining power increase made a dramatic fall in the margins of tanning industry. Suffering from the low margins, A company is seeking the possibility of vertical integration in raw material supply by investing a beam house tannery with slated hide as raw material to make wet blue for its three tanneries producing finished leather. This study focused on the critical factors in the site selection decision making for A company¡¦s overseas wet blue tannery investment. In this study, the high level management members of A company and selected experts from other tanneries were interviewed with a pretest questionnaire and then an AHP questionnaire on the critical factors in site selection decision making for multinational tanning industry¡¦s overseas vertical integration investment. The answered AHP questionnaires were analyzed with software Expert Choice 2000 for Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) analysis. The conclusions of this study based on the AHP analysis results include: 1. The critical factors in site selection decision making for multinational tanning industry¡¦s overseas vertical integration investment: the decisive elements in level two and level three of the AHP model as well as the ranking in priority of all decisive elements. 2. The suggested most favorable site for A company to invest a wet blue tannery for its vertival integration.

The Proopiomelanocortin gene, (POMC), produces many biologically active peptides including the endogenous opioid, β-endorphin, and the melanocortins: α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone, (αMSH), γMSH, βMSH and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, (ACTH). βendorphin is released by the brain in response to stress or injury and is a potent analgesic. Melanocortins are well known for regulating pigmentation, metabolism, and cortisol levels. Additionally, opioids and melanocortins are known to have opposing actions in several settings including the regulation of pain and metabolism. The Melanocyte Stimulating Hormones are expressed in the skin where they bind the Melanocortin 1 Receptor on melanocytes and promote pigmentation. It has been reported that β-endorphin is also produced in the skin, however it was not believed to have a central effect. In this thesis I show that expression of these peptides in the skin is reflected in blood levels and affects nociception and behavior.

This thesis is a study of Italian women’s sensual embodiment in leisure and tourism experiences (involving beautifying in the city and tanning at the beach) in, and around, the city of Rome. The central link in this thesis connects the field of tourism studies with social cultural theories of the ‘body’, placing this research within the most recent theoretical debates on the body. It is argued that in everyday life people take their bodies for granted, yet the body is absolutely crucial to the way we engage with the world and the people around us. Through analysing Italian women’s embodiment, this thesis seeks to gain in-depth understanding of Italian society and more particularly women’s position in society, thereby positioning the field of tourism studies as a means for analysing people’s quotidian cultural habits. Embracing the critical paradigm, this thesis takes a reflexive and embodied approach to research, challenging the all-pervasive hegemonic dominance of positivist, masculinist Western academic approaches. Through post feminist lenses, auto ethnography, in-depth interviewing and document analysis were used to carry out the field work, with the central aim of capturing and contextualising Italian women’s voices and embodiment. This research shows Italian society to be strongly patriarchal, reflecting gender inequity and inequality. Women are dominated in discourse (politics, senior management and television shows being predominantly male), pressured into family roles, and objectified in society through the media and the male gaze. Paradoxically, women are empowered through choosing to reproduce patriarchal values of beauty and objectification (the power of the agency), and to embody these in a sensual and sensuous way, thereby reversing power relations in their favour. Aiming to understand Italian society through exploring women’s sensual embodiment, this thesis contributes to a broader understanding of the gendered construction of social identity, and of patriarchy and power relations, from a woman’s perspective. It contributes to gender and body studies in the tourism field through bringing these separate fields together, through exploring the power of agency in embodiment, and through the critical research approach to the body.

Orientadora: Rose Meire Vidotti / Banca: Lúcia Helena Sipaúba Tavares / Banca: Aldi Feiden / Resumo: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar o efluente de curtume de peles de tilápia, avaliar a eficiência do biofiltro de escamas e o poder adsortivo desta no tratamento de efluente nas diferentes etapas do processo de curtimento. As etapas mais poluentes do processamento foram o caleiro e desencalagem. A utilização do biofiltro de escamas foi mais eficiente na etapa de caleiro, demonstrando a eficiência do processo. Durante a filtração ocorreu neutralização do pH e adsorção minerais e metais pesados do efluente. O biofiltro de escamas é um sistema eficiente no tratamento de efluentes de curtume, podendo ser associado a outro tratamento para que o efluente esteja totalmente de acordo com os padrões de lançamento / Abstract: The aim of this work was to characterize the tilapia skin tanning effluent, evaluate the efficiency of scale biofilter and the adsorptive power of this one in the effluent treatment in the different stages of the tanning process. The most polluting stages were ethe caleiro and desencalagem. The use of scale biolfilter was more efficient in the limming stage, showing the process efficiency. During the filtering ph neutralization and mineral and heavy metal adsorption occurred in the effluent. The scale biofilter is an efficient system in the treatment of tanning effluent, being able to be associated to other treatment so that the effluent is totally compatible with the standards of launching / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:27:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 chaguri_mp_me_jabo.pdf: 1239986 bytes, checksum: fb312ace54e3ab0c89e7590ca6e04a37 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar o efluente de curtume de peles de tilápia, avaliar a eficiência do biofiltro de escamas e o poder adsortivo desta no tratamento de efluente nas diferentes etapas do processo de curtimento. As etapas mais poluentes do processamento foram o caleiro e desencalagem. A utilização do biofiltro de escamas foi mais eficiente na etapa de caleiro, demonstrando a eficiência do processo. Durante a filtração ocorreu neutralização do pH e adsorção minerais e metais pesados do efluente. O biofiltro de escamas é um sistema eficiente no tratamento de efluentes de curtume, podendo ser associado a outro tratamento para que o efluente esteja totalmente de acordo com os padrões de lançamento / The aim of this work was to characterize the tilapia skin tanning effluent, evaluate the efficiency of scale biofilter and the adsorptive power of this one in the effluent treatment in the different stages of the tanning process. The most polluting stages were ethe caleiro and desencalagem. The use of scale biolfilter was more efficient in the limming stage, showing the process efficiency. During the filtering ph neutralization and mineral and heavy metal adsorption occurred in the effluent. The scale biofilter is an efficient system in the treatment of tanning effluent, being able to be associated to other treatment so that the effluent is totally compatible with the standards of launching

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree: Doctor of Technology: DESIGN In the Faculty of Informatics and Design At the Cape Peninsula University of Technology / Currently, the South African leather tanning industry is dominated by chromium tanning which has been identified as highly polluting. Vegetable tanning is considered less environmentally hazardous. Yet, there have been no plans to promote it in South Africa. Vegetable tanning process utilises vegetable matter for converting animal skins or hides into pliable material that is known as leather. South Africa has a variety of plants that produce tannins. However, the focus of this study is on the mimosa locally known as black wattle (Arcacia miernsii). Furthermore, the South African vegetable tanning sector has been left behind in terms of research and development despite the country being endowed with the Mimosa plant that is widely used in the vegetable tanning process. The country is also endowed with surplus labour which can be absorbed by the leather industry which is labour intensive.

Master of Science

UV exposure via sunbathing and utilization of sun lamps and tanning beds are considered important risk factors for the development of skin cancer. Psychosocial models of UV exposure are often based on theories of health behavior, but theory from the body image field can be useful as well. The current study examines models that prospectively predict sunbathing and indoor tanning behaviors using constructs and interrelationships derived from the tripartite theory of body image, theory of reasoned action, health belief model, revised protection motivation theory, and a proposed integration of several health behavior models. The results generally support a model in which intentions mediate the relationship between appearance attitudes and tanning behaviors, appearance reasons to tan and intentions mediate the relationship between sociocultural influences and tanning behaviors, and appearance reasons not to tan and intentions mediate the role of perceived threat on behaviors. The implications of these findings are considered.