K3 ENDO, PRO TAPER, AND PRO FILE SYSTEMS: BREAKAGE AND DISTORTION IN SEVERELY CURVED ROOTS OF MOLARS.By Matthew T. Ankrum, D.D.S.A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University.Virginia Commonwealth University, 2003Major Director: Gary R. Hartwell, D.D.S., M.S.Chairman and Professor, Department of EndodonticsIt was the aim of this study to investigate the incidence of file breakage and distortion when the Pro Taper, K3 Endo and ProFile systems were used to instrument canals in the severely curved roots of extracted molars.Forty-five roots of extracted mandibular and maxillary molars with curvatures between 40 and 75 degrees were chosen for use in this study. The roots in Group One were instrumented with the Pro File (PF) system and served as the control group. Roots in Group Two were instrumented with the Pro Taper (PT) system and those in Group Three were instrumented with the K3 Endo (K3) system. The three systems were used according to the manufacturers' instructions.The proportion of files distorted was 15.3% for the PF group, 2.4% for the PT group, and 8.3% for the K3 group. There was a statistically significant difference between the PF and PT groups (p = .0079). The percentage of broken files was 1.7% for the PF group, 6.0% for the PT group and 2.1% for the K3 group. No statistically significant differences were found between these three groups (p = .4243). The results of this study showed that these three rotary tapered systems were not significantly different with regard to breakage. There were significantly more distorted files in the PF group when compared to the PT group, with regard to distortion there was no significant difference between the PT and K3 and the PF and K3 groups.

Na implantodontia visa-se dois grandes resultados para os desdentados parciais e totais, função mastigatória e estética. Ambos têm o mesmo grau de importância, para tanto se deve pensar no que se tem de mais seguro e prático nos dias de hoje. O cone Morse, na implantodontia oral, é um sistema de estabilidade entre o implante dentário e o parafuso intraósseo de sustentação. Para seu correto uso se faz necessário uma série de análise de suas características e condições. No presente trabalho focou-se em desenvolver protocolo de validação de torque, além de analisar parâmetros de acabamento, deformação e estabilidade précarga e pós-carga dentro de protocolos já recomendados. Avaliou-se sua condição antes e após os efeitos de carga mastigatória simulada por ensaio de fadiga. Concluiu-se que o uso do cone Morse dentro dos protocolos indicados deve ser revisto quanto a padrões similares de torque nos pilares sólidos e indexados, cada um possui limites e indicações diferentes para se manter estável. Concluiu-se também que não é um sistema totalmente livre de trânsito de bactérias e que esse trânsito aumenta de forma proporcional ao uso e força mastigatória, indicando que melhorias no acabamento entre as peças devem ser implementadas e/ou adição de material que afaste crescimento bacteriano priorizando a saúde do periodonto e do tecido ósseo de sustentação mantendo o sistema seguro em longevidade. / In implantology it is aimed two major outcomes for the partial and total toothless persons, mastigatory function and aesthetics. Both have the same degree of importance, therefore it must be thought about what is safer and more practical these days. Morse taper in oral implantology is a system of stability between the dental implant and the intraosseous screw support. For its correct use a series of analysis of its features and conditions is required. This work was focused on developing torque validation protocol, and analyzing surface finishing parameters, deformation and stability as before load and after load in recommended protocols. The implants condition before and after the effects of habitual masticatory load was simulated by fatigue testing. It was concluded that the Morse taper use within the specified protocols should be reviewed for similar patterns of torque in solids and indexed pillars, each has different limits and signs to remain stable. It was also concluded that it is not a traffic totally free system of bacteria and that this influence increases in proportion to the use and masticatory forces, improvements in the surface finish between parts and / or addition of material that hinders bacterial growth is needed if it is prioritized the health of the periodontium and the bone tissue keeping the system safe in the long therm.

Problemas com desenho de conexões protéticas sobre implantes, microfendas, afrouxamento e, consequentemente, perdas das estruturas protéticas reabilitadoras são tópicos frequentes do estudo odontológico. Conexões do tipo Cone Morse, devido às suas características, diminuíram o índice desses problemas, abrindo uma nova perspectiva para o sucesso da prótese sobre implante. Contudo, ainda é frequente encontrar componentes que falham no desempenho, levando à falência da restauração, especialmente quando esses componentes não são bem ajustados, bem fixados ou, ainda, não possuem, na sua geometria, características suficientes para suportar as forças laterais e oclusais de um ciclo mastigatório. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a influência do jateamento com óxido de alumínio sobre a superfície externa dos componentes protéticos, separadamente e em conjunto, com um adesivo industrial, em uma tentativa de aumentar os valores de torque de abertura de componentes apertados em seu torque recomendado, pelo fabricante ou menor. Neste ensaio, foram utilizados 36 implantes da marca Straumann®, de 10mm de comprimento com diâmetro de 4,8 mm, os quais foram divididos em 6 grupos: Grupo 1 = controle, torque de 35 N.cm; Grupo 2 = superfície jateada com óxido de alumínio (# 320) e torque de 35 N.cm; Grupo 3 = superfície jateada com óxido de alumínio (# 320) e torque de 25 N.cm; Grupo 4 = superfície jateada com óxido de alumínio (# 100) e torque de 25 N.cm; Grupo 5 = superfície jateada com óxido de alumínio (# 320), aplicação de adesivo e torque de 25 N.cm; Grupo 6 = superfície jateada com óxido de alumínio (# 100), aplicação de adesivo e torque de 25 N.cm, que receberam componentes protéticos sólidos de 5,5 mm de altura, regulares e alterados. As modificações incluídas foram o jateamento com partículas de óxido de alumínio (100 e 320 micra) e o uso de Loctite® 277 como adesivo industrial. Os conjuntos implante-componente foram levados até uma máquina de controle de tração, Instron®, e, após a sua calibração, as amostras dos grupos foram apertadas em 35 e 25 N.cm, com um conjunto catraca-torquímetro, com checagem visual e registro no software acoplado à máquina de ensaio. Após trinta dias, os grupos foram levados à máquina novamente e o conjunto abutment-implante foi desapertado, agora somente com registro no software da máquina de ensaio. Os valores e porcentagens da diferença entre torque de aperto e desaperto foram avaliados estatisticamente, e comparados entre os grupos. Para todas as associações, o valor de p deveria ser menor ou igual 0,05, para relevância. O grupo Jateado 35 N.cm, 320 micra, não apresentou valores mais altos do que o grupo Controle no momento do torque de desaperto, assim como os grupos Jateados 25 N.cm 100 e 320 micra. Os grupos Jateados 25 N.cm, 100 e 320 micra, com adesivo, mostraram uma resistência por volta de uma vez e meia maior, no torque de desaperto do que o grupo Controle 35 N.cm. / Problems with design of prosthetic implant connections, microleakage,! loosening which leads to loss of rehabilitative prosthetic structures are frequent topics of dental study. Morse taper connections, due to its characteristics, decreased the rate of these problems opening a new perspective to the success of the prosthesis supported over implant. However, it is still frequent to find components that fail in performance leading to failure of restoration especially when these components are not well adjusted, tightened or do not have in its geometry enough characteristics to support the occlusal and lateral forces in a masticatory cycle. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of blasting with aluminum oxide on the outer surface of the prosthetic components separately and in conjunction with an industrial adhesive in an attempt to increase the opening torque values of components tightened on their recommended torque by the manufacturer or less, therefore allowing the dentist an early intervention in the prosthetic rehabilitation. In this test, 36 Straumann® implants of 10mm high and 4,8mm wide were used. They were divided into six groups: Group 1 Solid abutments control group - 35 N.cm tightened; Group 2 - Solid sandblasted abutments, 35 N.cm aluminum oxide 320 microns size particles; Group 3 - Solid sandblasted abutments, 25 N.cm aluminum oxide 320 microns size particles; Group 4 - Solid sandblasted abutments, 25 N.cm aluminum oxide 100 microns size particles; Group 5 - Solid sandblasted abutments, 25 N.cm aluminum oxide 320 microns size particles with glue application; Group 6 - Solid sandblasted abutments, 25 N.cm aluminum oxide 100 microns size particles with glue application, which received 5,5 mm high regular and modified solid abutments. The included modifications were sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles (100 and 320 microns) and the use of Loctite® 277 as an industrial adhesive. The samples were taken to a traction control test machine, Instron ®, and after calibration the group samples were tightened on 35 and 25 N.cm with a ratchet-wrench set with visual check. The data was recorded in a software coupled to the test machine. After thirty days the groups were brought again to the test machine and the samples were untightened. At this point the resulting data was recorded only in the testing machine software. The values and percentages of the changes between the tightening and loosening torques were recorded and compared among the study groups. For all associations a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. The group blasted 35 N.cm, 320 microns did not show higher values than the control group at the time of loosening torque as well as groups blasted 25 N.cm 100 and 320 microns. The groups blasted 25 N.cm, 100 and 320 microns with adhesive showed a resistance around one and a half times greater in the loosening torque than the control group 35 N.cm.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar modelos de taper para Corymbia citriodora com 55 meses de idade no Sul do estado do Tocantins. Foram utilizadas 35 árvores amostras cubadas com a obtenção dos diâmetros com e sem casca nas posições 0,2 m, 0,4 m, 0,7 m, 1,3m, 2,7 m e, a partir deste ponto em diante a cada 2 metros até um diâmetro em torno de 1,0 cm com casca. Para avaliação dos modelos utilizou-se as seguintes estatísticas: coeficiente de determinação ajustado, erro padrão da estimativa, distribuição gráfica dos resíduos, média dos desvios absolutos, desvio padrão das diferenças, soma dos quadrados dos resíduos relativos, média dos desvios percentuais, raiz quadrada do erro médio, viés e coeficiente de correlação múltipla. Além disso, avaliou-se a viabilidade da utilização da variável binária “Tx” no ajuste simultâneo para dados com e sem casca. Concluiu-se, portanto, que o modelo de Muhairwe I obteve os melhores resultados para as estatísticas utilizadas, bem como a confirmação da viabilidade em se obter o ajuste diamétrico com uma só equação através da inclusão da variável Tx. / The objective of this study was to evaluate taper models for Corymbia citriodora at 55 months of age in the southern state of Tocantins. Thirty-five trees were used to obtain the diameters with and without bark at the positions 0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.7 m, 1.3 m, 2.7 m and from this point forward every 2 meters to a diameter of about 1.0 cm in bark. For the evaluation of the models, the following statistics were used: adjusted coefficient of determination, standard error of the estimate, graphical distribution of the residuals, mean absolute deviations, standard deviation of the differences, sum of the squares of relative residues, mean of the percentage deviations, square root of mean error, bias and multiple correlation coefficient. In addition, we evaluated the feasibility of using the binary variable "Tx" in the simultaneous adjustment for data with and without shell. It was concluded, therefore, that the Muhairwe I model obtained the best results for the statistics used, as well as the confirmation of the feasibility in obtaining the diametric adjustment with a single equation through the inclusion of the variable Tx.

Os aços inoxidáveis dúplex compõem uma família de materiais conhecidos por apresentar uma excelente combinação propriedades mecânicas e de corrosão, e por isso têm sido amplamente estudados nos últimos anos. Contudo, essa combinação de propriedades está intrinsecamente relacionada com a microestrutura desses aços, composta por iguais quantidades de ferrita e austenita, e esse equilíbrio entre as fases é extremamente dependente dos ciclos térmicos aos quais são submetidos, sob risco, inclusive, da precipitação de fases secundárias deletérias. Sendo assim, a soldagem desses materiais exige uma série de cuidados para que ela não implique em prejuízo para suas propriedades. Nesse contexto, a soldagem por fricção surge como alternativa para a união e reparo dessas ligas, justamente por apresentar um menor aporte térmico que técnicas convencionais de soldagem. Isto posto, foi realizado um reparo pelo processo de soldagem por fricção com pino consumível em uma chapa de 12mm de espessura feita em um aço inoxidável dúplex UNS S31803. Para tanto, foram registrados os dados térmicos do processamento, analisou-se a microestrutura apresentada pela junta soldada, além de avaliar-se sua tenacidade ao impacto. Os resultados comprovaram que, embora não ocorra significativa precipitação de fases secundárias, o processo de soldagem por fricção provoca diminuição da tenacidade ao impacto do material por causar o deslocamento do equilíbrio entre as fases no sentido de formação da fase ferrítica. / Duplex stainless steels compose a family of materials known to exhibit an excellent combination of mechanical and corrosion properties, and therefore have been widely studied in recent years. However, this combination of properties intrinsically relates to the microstructure of these steels that consists of equal amounts of ferrite and austenite, and this balance between phases is extremely dependent on the thermal cycles, at risk including the precipitation of deleterious secondary phases. Thus, welding of these materials requires a lot of care so that it does not result in damage to their property. In this context, the friction welding is an alternative to the union and repair of these alloys, just by having a lower heat input than conventional welding techniques. That said, a repair by the friction taper plug welding process was made on a 12 mm plate thick in a duplex stainless steel UNS S31803. Thermal processing data were recorded, microstructure presented by the welded joint was analyzed, and evaluate is its impact toughness. The results proved that although not occur significant precipitation of secondary phases, the friction welding process causes decrease in the impact toughness of the material for causing the displacement of the equilibrium between the phases towards the formation of the ferritic phase.

Na implantodontia visa-se dois grandes resultados para os desdentados parciais e totais, função mastigatória e estética. Ambos têm o mesmo grau de importância, para tanto se deve pensar no que se tem de mais seguro e prático nos dias de hoje. O cone Morse, na implantodontia oral, é um sistema de estabilidade entre o implante dentário e o parafuso intraósseo de sustentação. Para seu correto uso se faz necessário uma série de análise de suas características e condições. No presente trabalho focou-se em desenvolver protocolo de validação de torque, além de analisar parâmetros de acabamento, deformação e estabilidade précarga e pós-carga dentro de protocolos já recomendados. Avaliou-se sua condição antes e após os efeitos de carga mastigatória simulada por ensaio de fadiga. Concluiu-se que o uso do cone Morse dentro dos protocolos indicados deve ser revisto quanto a padrões similares de torque nos pilares sólidos e indexados, cada um possui limites e indicações diferentes para se manter estável. Concluiu-se também que não é um sistema totalmente livre de trânsito de bactérias e que esse trânsito aumenta de forma proporcional ao uso e força mastigatória, indicando que melhorias no acabamento entre as peças devem ser implementadas e/ou adição de material que afaste crescimento bacteriano priorizando a saúde do periodonto e do tecido ósseo de sustentação mantendo o sistema seguro em longevidade. / In implantology it is aimed two major outcomes for the partial and total toothless persons, mastigatory function and aesthetics. Both have the same degree of importance, therefore it must be thought about what is safer and more practical these days. Morse taper in oral implantology is a system of stability between the dental implant and the intraosseous screw support. For its correct use a series of analysis of its features and conditions is required. This work was focused on developing torque validation protocol, and analyzing surface finishing parameters, deformation and stability as before load and after load in recommended protocols. The implants condition before and after the effects of habitual masticatory load was simulated by fatigue testing. It was concluded that the Morse taper use within the specified protocols should be reviewed for similar patterns of torque in solids and indexed pillars, each has different limits and signs to remain stable. It was also concluded that it is not a traffic totally free system of bacteria and that this influence increases in proportion to the use and masticatory forces, improvements in the surface finish between parts and / or addition of material that hinders bacterial growth is needed if it is prioritized the health of the periodontium and the bone tissue keeping the system safe in the long therm.

Preparing for a national weightlifting championship: A case series. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2019—This study aimed to characterize psychological, physiological, and performance changes of a high-level female (24.5 years; 53.8 ± 0.3 kg; 155.4 cm) and male (25.8 years; 92.7 ± 1.2 kg; 189 cm) weightlifter over 28 weeks while preparing for a national championship. Body mass, hydration, psychological inventories, serum biomarkers, vastus lateralis muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), and squat jump (SJ) performance were assessed weekly beginning 11 weeks from the competition date. Weightlifting performance goals were met for the female athlete (actual total = 159 kg) but not for the male athlete (actual total = 292 kg). Reductions in vastus lateralis CSA possibly took place the week leading into competition for both athletes. Both athletes reported positive recovery-stress states on the day of competition relative to baseline values. Fluctuations between steroid hormone concentrations and inflammatory markers were unpredictable and inconsistent for both athletes throughout the training program. Unloaded SJ height and rate of force development were the highest on competition day for both athletes. Based on these findings, it is possible for high-level male and female weightlifters to achieve and maintain peak preparedness 3–4 days before competition following a 1-week overreach and 3-week exponential taper, where training volume-load is reduced by half and intensity maintained or slightly increased relative to pretaper values. Furthermore, the short recovery and stress scale and SJ testing seem to be useful tools for sport scientists and coaches when monitoring high-level weightlifters preparing for competition.

In this master thesis the connection between the two major parts of an osseointegrated prosthesis system for lower limb amputees has been investigated by finite element (FE) analysis. The prosthesis system is developed by Integrum and the current design consists of a fixture, which is integrated in the residual bone, an abutment that penetrates the skin and an abutment screw that holds the parts together. The connection between the fixture and the abutment has a hexagonal section and a press-fit section that together form the connection. Due to wear and fracture problems it is desired to improve the connection. A tapered connection could be an alternative and three different taper angles, the effect of the length of the taper and the smoothness of the outer edge of a tapered fixture have been investigated. The results show that the taper has potential to function well and that a longer connection will give lower stresses in the system, but further investigations are needed.

The basic principle in SAS is to use an array which is small in length to create a long synthetic array thus the better resolution is achieved through the use of signal processing. Additionally, the resolution that is independent of range and signal frequency, makes SAS a advantageous tool for applications. Although the origin of SAS comes from SAR, SAS still needs to overcome all constraints for real-world application. In a previous study by Sung and prof. Liu, published results of the along track resolution experiments which were well done however there was still much room in range resolution, the purpose of this research is to achieve high range resolution at any ranges. Indeed there are many existing factors affecting the capability of resolution which including characteristic of the target, certain arrangements of targets, bandwidth, waveforms and pulse duration and etc. High range resolution is obtained using pulse compression techniques. The experiments were carried out using the transducers of AST MK VI 192 kHz which were employed to transmit and receive signals, scanned various copper balls at anechoic water tank(4 m ¡Ñ 3.5 m ¡Ñ 2 m) in NSYSU. From the equipment we have now results were evaluated based on both simulated and real data: for the range resolution the pulse length is very important the shortest pulse length on an object would be 2L/c theoretically, the measured range resolution is about 7.5 cm for the 20-kHz bandwidth signals and 5 cm for along track resolution. As all the experiments have been successful in the Water Tank, we intent to launch further investigation of this research to the real world application of SAS i.e. in Sizihwan Bay Marine Test Field.

The fiber-optics communication device with a plastic optical fiber (POF) has become a technology of increasing interests. The attenuation of commercial available POF has been improved to tens of decibels per kilometer. Due to its flexibility and high alignment efficiency, it has been widely used in many areas. In this study, different end shapes of POF have been proposed to increase the coupling efficiency of a POF from a surface emitting LED. Both the experiments and a ray tracing simulation are performed to investigate the coupling scheme. Experimental results also illustrate the feasibility of using ray tracing model in POF end shapes design. The effect of ball fiber lens on coupling efficiency is studied first. Lens material is EPO-TEK 353ND two parts epoxy. The result indicates that the ball fiber lens can improve the coupling efficiency significantly. A more impact end shape modified from the ball fiber lens is proposed in this study, i.e. a thin tip-rounded fiber lens. Numerical and experimental results show the tip can work as good as a ball fiber lens does. A reflection-styled end shape has also been proposed in this thesis, i.e. a taper-ended POF. In this design, the taper edge serves as a reflector to bend the rays incident on it by total internal reflection. The maximum efficiency achieves a great improvement from the previous design. Further study on the various fiber types with different sizes and numerical apertures have also been studied by the ray tracing model.