This master's thesis is focused on developement of billing system with the options of monitoring individual calls for software exchange Asterisk. Billing of calls is adaptible with the help of group of individual rules, consisting of tariff impulses, numerical prefix, with help of outgoing trunk and cost of the billed unit. The first part of this work is focused on instalation, configuration and preparation of individual components of the billing system. In this work is explained the architecture of the billing system and highlighted the purpose of work of the model database. Next we focused on the purpose and the principal system invidual function of the system including solution. At last there is a simple manual to operate the system with the help of created web interface.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:53:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RidalvoMAO.pdf: 983858 bytes, checksum: 9d7af440fc2e650709bb958e39fbb63a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-10-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work verifies the impact caused by the Emergencial Program of Reduction of Consumption of Electric Energy (energy-rationing program) in the results of the concessionary private companies of the public service of electric energy distribution localized in the Northeast Area. As the rationing invigorated from June 2001 to February 2002, its effects are diluted in the results presented by these companies in the second semester of 2001 and first quarter of 2002, with prominence for the last quarter of 2001, when the revenue of extraordinary tariff restore was instituted by the National Agency of Electric Energy (ANEEL), consequence of the so-called General Agreement of the Electric Sector made between the federal government and the companies of the electric sector. The structure of a generic electric sector and a historical review of the Brazilian electric sector from the time it was controlled by the private enterprises, including the State control period, about 1960, and returning to the control of the private enterprises in 1990, under a new regulation structure are presented. An explanation of the models of economic regulation that Brazil used for the electric sector is made, with prominence for the price cap that is the actual effective model. The process of tariff revision foreseen in the concession contracts signed by the federal government and the concessionary companies is presented, highlighting its two stages: the tariff rebalancing that defines the new price cap and the calculation of the factor X that establishes the efficiency goals for the companies. There is made a presentation of the Emergencial Program of Reduction of Consumption of Electric Energy and of the consequent General Agreement of the Electric Sector, which created the revenue of extraordinary tariff restore. A conceptual revision on reviews is presented, regarding to concepts, accomplishment and recognition. A brief review of the six companies that made part of the worked sample is also presented. Analyzing the quarters historical review and of amount of sold energy, it was possible to conclude that the energy-rationing altered the results of the studied companies significantly and that alteration was masked by the accounting process of the revenue of extraordinary tariff restore / Este trabalho verifica o impacto provocado pelo Programa Emergencial de Redu??o de Consumo de Energia El?trica (racionamento) nos resultados das empresas privadas concession?rias do servi?o p?blico de distribui??o de energia el?trica situadas na Regi?o Nordeste. Como o racionamento vigorou de junho de 2001 a fevereiro de 2002, os seus efeitos est?o dilu?dos nos resultados apresentados pelas empresas no segundo semestre de 2001 e primeiro trimestre de 2002, com destaque para o ?ltimo trimestre de 2001, quando foi institu?da pela Ag?ncia Nacional de Energia El?trica (ANEEL) a receita de recomposi??o tarif?ria extraordin?ria, fruto do chamado Acordo Geral do Setor El?trico pactuado entre o governo federal e as empresas do setor el?trico. Apresenta a estrutura de um setor el?trico gen?rico e uma revis?o hist?rica do setor el?trico brasileiro abrangendo desde a ?poca em que era controlado por empresas privadas, passando pelo per?odo de estatiza??o, por volta de 1960, e retornando ao controle da iniciativa privada em meados de 1990, sob uma nova estrutura de regula??o. ? feita uma explana??o sobre os modelos de regula??o econ?mica que o Brasil utilizou para o setor el?trico, com destaque para o price cap, que ? o modelo vigente atualmente. Apresenta o processo de revis?o tarif?ria prevista nos contratos de concess?o assinados pelo governo federal e pelas empresas concession?rias, destacando suas duas etapas: o reposicionamento tarif?rio, que define o novo pre?o-teto, e o c?lculo do fator X , que estabelece as metas de efici?ncia para as empresas. ? feita uma apresenta??o do Programa Emergencial de Redu??o de Consumo de Energia El?trica e do conseq?ente Acordo Geral do Setor El?trico, que deu origem ? receita de recomposi??o tarif?ria extraordin?ria. Apresenta uma revis?o conceitual sobre receitas, no que tange a conceitos, realiza??o e reconhecimento. Apresenta um breve hist?rico das seis empresas que fizeram parte da amostra trabalhada. Analisando os hist?ricos trimestrais de receita e de volume de energia vendida, foi poss?vel concluir que o racionamento de energia alterou significativamente os resultados das empresas estudadas e que essa altera??o foi mascarada pela medida cont?bil da receita de recomposi??o tarif?ria extraordin?ria

This thesis is focused on the legislation on the renewable energy sources, especially on the mechanisms of promotion granted to the producers of the electricity and heat from the renewable sources of energy. The thesis describes the contemporary regulation in the Czech republic and compares it to the relevant German regulation.

Ce mémoire vise à déterminer comment devraient être fixées les composantes de la tarification de l'électricité de la société d'État responsable de la fourniture de ce produit au Québec, Hydro-Québec, et vérifier si la tarification présentement utilisée par la société d'État est souhaitable comparativement à une tarification uniforme. Cette question est importante et d'actualité, car au Québec, la tarification de l'électricité a donné lieu à plusieurs débats. Entre autres, de récents rapports concernant l'équilibre budgétaire du gouvernement québécois et ses perspectives pour les prochaines décennies identifiaient l'augmentation des tarifs d'électricité (les profits qui en découlent) comme un levier à considérer pour le financement de l'État. En effet, les tarifs d'électricité sont relativement faibles au Québec. Par exemple, la facture de la clientèle résidentielle de Montréal était, au 1er avril 2006, la troisième plus basse parmi les principales villes nord-américaines. Une des raisons pour lesquelles les tarifs d'électricité sont faibles au Québec est justement liée à la grille tarifaire utilisée par Hydro-Québec (tarification par tranche). Celle-ci est composée d'une redevance et de deux tranches de tarification. La première tranche de consommation est tarifiée à un niveau relativement bas et la deuxième tranche à un niveau plus élevé. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous modélisons trois types de tarification ce qui nous permettra d'établir les tarifs optimaux dans chacun des cas. Nous trouvons ainsi que la structure tarifaire présentement utilisée par Hydro-Québec ne serait pas liée aux conditions du marché, mais se justifierait plutôt par une contrainte politique imposant un tarif plus faible pour la consommation correspondant à des besoins de base. De plus, notre modèle montre que cette structure n'est pas socialement optimale. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Tarif d'électricité, Tarification par tranche, Tarification uniforme, Tarification en deux parties, Bien public.

Au cours de la dernière décennie, le marché photovoltaïque a été multiplié par 10, le prix des panneaux solaires réduit de 60%, et la Chine est devenue le premier producteur mondial. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'identifier les mécanismes à l'origine de ces fortes mutations. Grâce à des entretiens auprès d'acteurs de l'industrie photovoltaïque chinoise, et l'analyse de données de brevets, nous expliquons comment la Chine a réussi à acquérir la technologie et le savoir-faire nécessaires à ce succès. Le transfert de technologie a eu lieu grâce au déploiement du marché d'équipement de production et au recrutement de cadres formés dans les pays industrialisés. En revanche, la propriété intellectuelle n'a joué aucun rôle. L'analyse de l'évolution du coût des modules grâce au modèle de courbe d'apprentissage nous permet de prédire une réduction du coût de deux tiers d'ici à 2020. Elle donne des indications quant à la future compétitivité de l'électricité photovoltaïque. Enfin, une attention particulière est portée aux tarifs de rachat de l'électricité, qui ont largement contribué au développement du marché photovoltaïque. Nous analysons leur influence sur le marché et leur capacité à s'adapter à la volatilité du prix des modules, en analysant des séries temporelles. Nous construisons aussi un modèle théorique pour analyser l'influence du comportement stratégique des entreprises sur l'efficacité d'un tarif de rachat. Cela permet de suggérer des recommandations quant à la conception de ces instruments incitatifs.

The present paper describes the construction of a premium system for automobile liability insurance, under the restriction that risks with small expected claim amounts should pay small premiums, whereas risks with high expected claim amounts should pay high premiums. / Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Entwicklung eines Tarifes in der Kraftfahrthaftpflichtversicherung unter der Restriktion, dass von Risiken mit geringen erwarteten verursachten Schadenzahlungen niedrige Prämien und von Risiken, die hohe Schadenzahlungen erwarten lassen, hohe Prämien gefordert werden.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania. / Published also without thesis note. Bibliography: p. 320-332.

This thesis deals with the issue of remuneration from the theoretical point of view and analysis of the remuneration system in the selected business entity. The theoretical part is focused on the study of literature and the importance of remuneration as defined by relevant laws. Further work is focused on the definition of terms such as salary and wages and the difference between them, defining the different types of rewards that employees can use. It was also defined the link between financial and nonfinancial form of remuneration. In the practical part of the work they are used the theoretical part. On their bases was analysed and evaluated the current remuneration system in the selected business entity. On the basis of a survey by questionnaire was checked employee satisfaction and was identified the problem areas. The outputs of the investigation it should serve as a basis for proposing modifications of the existing remuneration system.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A presente dissertação busca avaliar o impacto da liberalização comercial dos anos 90 sobre a indústria têxtil nacional. Isto porque o Brasil sempre protegeu sua indústria têxtil que, após a liberalização comercial, viu-se frente à necessidade de uma reestruturação a fim de ganhar competitividade perante as novas importações estimuladas pela redução tarifária. Assim sendo, esta dissertação apresentará o levantamento de dados e estatísticos do setor têxtil brasileiro a fim de verificar os principais efeitos ocasionados pela abertura comercial. Serão calculados ainda indicadores específicos para poder avaliar se ocorreram ou não ganhos significativos para o referido setor. Da análise realizada, dado o fim do Acordo Multifibras (1995-2005) e a inserção de novos mecanismos nos acordos internacionais, cabe ao Brasil preparar-se melhor para a competição num cenário mais liberalizado de comércio internacional com países que possuem maiores vantagens comparativas, como é o caso especial da China, principal concorrente do país no setor têxtil/confecções. / The present work searchs to evaluate the impact of the commercial liberalization of the 90s years on the national textile industry. Brazil always protected its textile industry that, after the commercial liberalization, saw the necessity of a reorganization in order to again competitiveness before the new imports stimulated by the reduction on tariffs. So, this work will present datas and statistics for the brazilian textile sector, showing the effects of the commercial liberalization. It will also present others calculations to be able to avaluate what were the causes for the related sector. Of the analysis, after the ending of the Multifiber Agreement (1995-2005) and the uses of new mechanisms in the international agreements, Brazil need to be prepared for the competition in a liberalized scene in international trade with countries that possess greaters comparative advantages, as in the special case of China, competitor of Brazil in the textile sector.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A presente dissertação busca avaliar o impacto da liberalização comercial dos anos 90 sobre a indústria têxtil nacional. Isto porque o Brasil sempre protegeu sua indústria têxtil que, após a liberalização comercial, viu-se frente à necessidade de uma reestruturação a fim de ganhar competitividade perante as novas importações estimuladas pela redução tarifária. Assim sendo, esta dissertação apresentará o levantamento de dados e estatísticos do setor têxtil brasileiro a fim de verificar os principais efeitos ocasionados pela abertura comercial. Serão calculados ainda indicadores específicos para poder avaliar se ocorreram ou não ganhos significativos para o referido setor. Da análise realizada, dado o fim do Acordo Multifibras (1995-2005) e a inserção de novos mecanismos nos acordos internacionais, cabe ao Brasil preparar-se melhor para a competição num cenário mais liberalizado de comércio internacional com países que possuem maiores vantagens comparativas, como é o caso especial da China, principal concorrente do país no setor têxtil/confecções. / The present work searchs to evaluate the impact of the commercial liberalization of the 90s years on the national textile industry. Brazil always protected its textile industry that, after the commercial liberalization, saw the necessity of a reorganization in order to again competitiveness before the new imports stimulated by the reduction on tariffs. So, this work will present datas and statistics for the brazilian textile sector, showing the effects of the commercial liberalization. It will also present others calculations to be able to avaluate what were the causes for the related sector. Of the analysis, after the ending of the Multifiber Agreement (1995-2005) and the uses of new mechanisms in the international agreements, Brazil need to be prepared for the competition in a liberalized scene in international trade with countries that possess greaters comparative advantages, as in the special case of China, competitor of Brazil in the textile sector.