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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

中共出口退稅制度之研究

徐碧芸, Hsu, Pi-Yun Unknown Date (has links)
世界工業化國家和地區在其工業化過程中無一不靠對外貿易的超常規發展來牽動國民經濟的發展。鑑於對外貿易特別是出口對一國產業成長的貢獻,出口鼓勵政策就成為世界各國普遍採用的政策。而在出口鼓勵政策中,出口退稅是廣泛採用而又行之有效的政策。 由本論文的研究發現,出口退稅制度在促進中共對外開放、對內經濟發展、完善外貿體制及儘快加入世界貿易組織等方面有很大的貢獻,並且出口退稅制度本身亦隨著中國大陸市場經濟的發展和外貿體制的改革有了進一步的完善和規範。尤其是在亞洲金融危機時,中國大陸的出口企業經營發生困難,對中共外貿出口造成影響,當時,面對這一形勢,中共可採取的策略有調整人民幣匯率或降低利率、提高出口退稅率,但是,當時中共已經多次明確指出人民幣匯率不貶值,調整匯率已不可能;利率在連續降低四次之後,1998年7月1日又第五次下調,下調空間有限;而出口退稅率在數次降低之後,採取出口退稅率某種程度調高的可能性增加,故當時便採取調高出口退稅率的方式來刺激出口,截至目前為止已多次調高出口退稅率來挽救大陸的外貿企業,由此可見出口退稅制度在中國大陸的重要地位。 出口退稅制度的推行,首要工作,就是對出口退稅適用的對象作一規範,舉凡適用的企業及貨物等。中共核准辦理出口退稅的企業可劃分為兩大類,即有進出口經營權的企業與特准出口退免稅企業;至於可辦理出口退免稅的貨物,則須同時具備以下三個條件,即屬於增值稅與消費稅徵收範圍內的貨物、必須報關離境、必須在財務上作銷售處理。其次,與申請退稅企業息息相關的程序與規定,則屬出口退稅的計算、出口企業的登記、退稅的申報、稽核、審核、退稅,以及出口企業違法的處置。 中共出口退稅制度實行至今,所面臨到最主要的問題有徵稅與退稅脫節、中央財政負荷過重、出口騙退稅,以及出口退稅進度緩慢進而佔壓企業資金,形成企業經營壓力,並影響企業出口積極性。中共對於這些問題可採取的措施有:改革財稅制度、嚴厲打擊騙稅活動、加快退稅進度等。 至於針對中共出口退稅制度中的徵退脫節與出口騙稅等問題,法國的做法可作為借鏡。首先,法國出口貨物零稅率機制的一個重要特徵就是將出口貨物零稅率納入該國增值稅的常規管理之中,實現徵稅、免稅、抵扣稅、退稅一體化,這就從機制本身封住了徵退脫節問題的缺口。而中共現行出口退稅辦法最大的弊端正是出口退稅脫離了增值稅的常規管理,人為地造成了徵退稅環節的脫節。其次,中共現行出口退稅機制中徵稅和退稅分別由兩套機構來運作,退稅款全部由中央財政負擔,並且只需審核幾張單證就可以從國庫中提取巨額退稅款,如此巨大的利益驅動使出口退稅成為滋生出口騙稅的溫床。而法國實行的免稅購買辦法則無稅可騙,採用免、抵、退辦法需從國庫中直接退款的金額則相當有限。 就整體而論,大陸在出口退稅制度之下滋生甚多流弊,似乎應儘速予以改革或廢除,但因出口退稅制度對於商品的外銷能力及經濟成長的貢獻,確有不可忽視的效益,尤其對一般廠商之經營心理,具有莫大的鼓勵作用,況且在今日國際社會間,保護主義抬頭之時,各國為保護本國之產業,無不殫精竭慮,利用各種措施,以善盡保育之責,故中共為保護其產業的繼續成長與發展,應善加運用出口退稅制度所具有之精神。
2

退稅政策變動對於外籍旅客消費行為影響

賴琦捷 Unknown Date (has links)
觀光產業為現在世界主要產業之一,稱之為「無煙囪產業」,因其汙染少且外部成本相較許多工業產業來的低,許多國家都致力於發展觀光業,投入許多政策吸引觀光客到訪。我國政府近年來也推動許多政策是針對外籍旅客觀光計畫。如民國92年的「觀光客倍增計畫」預期於2008年達成目標,於是在同年於「觀光發展條例」中增訂的「外籍旅客購物退稅」,外籍旅客購物退稅的實施更是發展觀光產業的重要措施之一,觀光產業在觀光較為發達的已開發國家中,都十分重視旅客購物退稅這項措施,臺灣政府於民國92年實施政策至今,經歷了幾次重大改制,本文致力於研究於民國100年7月實施的「現場小額退稅」措施,是否對來臺外籍旅客的消費行為有顯著影響,並對今年實施的新制退稅措施是否再次影響旅客消費意願作出預期。 本研究以外籍旅客國籍及其消費金額之追蹤資料進行迴歸分析,蒐集位於臺北市區的某特定營業人2009年8月至2015年12月的外籍旅客退稅資料,針對來自七個國家及地區的外籍遊客消費行為建立來臺觀光需求模型。以政府實施的「現場小額退稅」措施當作主要的政策變數,並選取幾個影響旅客需求的重要變數為控制變數,建立以旅客總消費量、平均消費量、特定營業人之營業額為因變數的三個模型,觀察政策變數及其他控制變數對於外籍旅客消費行為的影響。 以全體樣本實證結果發現,本政策變動對於旅客總消費量、商店之營業額均有顯著正向影響,對於旅客平均消費量也是正面的影響;本文也將七個國家及地區分別討論,以美國、日本及中國旅客對於政策效果的影響最為顯著且正向,其他國家雖不顯著但多為正向關係。顯見政策的推動確實有助於提升外籍旅客來臺及消費意願,對發展臺灣觀光旅遊產業是一項助益。 / According to UNWTO, tourism industry has experienced continuous growth and become one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world. Many countries have committed themselves to developing tourism industry nowadays due to lower externality. Taiwanese government also has some implemented plans on tourism industry of which foreigners are allowed to apply for “VAT Refund”, hoping that the increase in international tourist may give the economy a boost. Our study has conducted an empirical analysis on the policy of On-Site Small Amount Tax Refund, which is mainly concentrated in panel data estimation. The purpose of this thesis is to find out the effect of this policy. First, we use Dummy variable as a main variable to capture the influence of the policy. Second, we introduce both the demand factors and the supply factors to explain tourism spending in Taiwan. The span of the data is from August 2009 to December 2015, using Tax Refund data of foreigners from 7 countries and districts. Our empirical analysis show that the Tax Refund policy has had significantly positive effect on both dependent variables, including total consumption and store revenue, especially these from U.S.A., Japan and China. These three countries show the strongest response to the dependent variables. It also shows that implementation of this Tax Refund policy really contributes to our tourism industry by increasing international tourism receipts of Taiwan.
3

La derogación del reintegro tributario del IGV y su impacto económico en las empresas comercializadoras de productos textiles del distrito de Iquitos, año 2019

Núñez Montemayor, Gonzalo Enrique, Palacios Meza, Rossela Massiel 18 May 2021 (has links)
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene el propósito de evaluar el impacto económico generado por la derogación del reintegro tributario del impuesto general a las ventas (IGV) en las empresas comercializadoras de productos textiles del distrito de Iquitos ubicado en la selva del Perú. Esta investigación se realizó con la finalidad de analizar los efectos y cambios tanto económicos como corporativos generados en las empresas del sector textil a partir de la decisión del Estado peruano de derogar este beneficio tributario en diciembre del año 2018, el cual consistía en la devolución del impuesto general a las ventas pagado en las compras que realizaban los comerciantes de la región selva. Las empresas objeto de este estudio son las del sector textil, específicamente las empresas que han sido beneficiadas con el reintegro tributario del impuesto general a las ventas. Para formular nuestras hipótesis y analizar los cambios producto de la derogación, se establecieron dos dimensiones: el impacto en las expectativas empresariales y el impacto en los ratios financieros. El primero nos permitió comprobar los efectos producidos en las proyecciones e inversiones de los empresarios. Por otro lado, el segundo nos permitió comprobar los cambios en la situación financiera de las empresas. Las hipótesis planteadas fueron validadas mediante el uso de instrumentos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Por un lado, se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad a expertos en temas tributarios; por otro lado, se realizaron encuestas a las empresas del sector textil que fueron beneficiadas con el reintegro tributario del impuesto general a las ventas. / The present research work has the purpose of evaluating the economic impact of the repeal of the tax refund of the general sales tax in the textile product commercialization companies of the district of Iquitos located in the jungle of Peru. This research is carried out with the purpose of analyzing the effects and changes both economic and corporate generated in the companies of the textile sector from the decision of the Peruvian State to repeal this tax benefit in December 2018, which consisted of the refund of the general sales tax paid on purchases made by traders in the jungle region. The companies that are the object of this study are those in the textile sector, specifically the companies that have benefited from the tax refund of the general sales tax. In order to formulate our hypotheses and analyze the changes resulting from the derogation, two dimensions were established: the impact on business expectations and the impact on financial ratios. The first one allowed us to verify the effects produced on businessmen's projections and investments. On the other hand, the second allowed us to verify the changes in the financial situation of the companies. The hypotheses were validated through the use of qualitative and quantitative instruments. On the one hand, in-depth interviews were conducted with experts on tax issues; on the other hand, surveys were conducted with the textile sector companies that benefited from the tax reimbursement of the general sales tax. / Tesis

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