A questão da excessiva carga tributária incidente sobre a economia brasileira tem estado no foco das discussões no cenário político e social, e por sua vez, não deixa de ser objeto de pesquisa na área acadêmica, sendo a Teoria da Tributação Ótima, um tema recorrente nos mais diversos cenários, especialmente, entre economistas, juristas e cientistas políticos. A teoria da tributação ótima tem como base teórica, o estudo do delineamento de um sistema tributário ideal (tax design), objetivando a análise de como determinada receita tributária pode ser arrecadada pelo governo ao menor custo para a sociedade, em termos de perda de eficiência. Entretanto, a Teoria da Tributação Ótima apresenta como o seu desafio, a compatibilização entre o critério da eficiência e o da capacidade contributiva, e consciente da importância do tema para a instituição de políticas tributárias, emergimos-nos nesta pesquisa que deu nascimento a presente dissertação. / The excessive tax burdens issue incident on the Brazilian economy has been the focus of discussion in the political and social scene, and it is still subject of research in the academic area, being the Optimal Tax Theory, a recurring theme in various scenarios, especially among economists, lawyers and political scientists. The tax authorities represented by the government, undeniably has the need to raise taxes to achieve your social objectives, however, the tax collection activity can lead to distortions in the economy, particularly on the economic decisions of agents, making mister find a better solution to mitigate such undesired effects on the productive economy, through the design of an ideal tax system is emerging - thus the Optimal Tax Theory. The Optimal Tax Theory has as its theoretical basis, the study of the design of an optimal tax system (tax design) , aiming at the analysis of how certain tax revenue can be collected by the government at minimum cost to society, reaching certain distributional goals a lower cost in terms of loss of efficiency. However, the Theory of Taxation Great features as its challenge to reconcile the efficiency criterion and the ability to pay, and we are aware of the economic and political \"mainstream\" that is the theme symbolizes for imposition of tax policies, we emerge in this study - that gave birth to this thesis.

The subject matter of the thesis is new as the phenomenon of the Box Corporation has not been the subject of a specialized investigation from the fiscal perspective before. A foreign subsidiary indirectly owned in a third country jurisdiction is in the thesis classified as a Box Corporation. The subject of the thesis is primarily to analyze and establish the following connections: the intended corporate objectives and ends and the modus operandi and the means that often require the Box Corporation as a necessary vehicle to attain those ends. The close connections between corporate law and tax law as intended legal results interdependent on one another. The application of the Box Corporation as an important vehicle for international tax planning by Swedish corporate groups on ever increasing competitive international markets and the special tax problems connected to the Box Corporation as it presents serious challenges to the pursuits for a consistent, neutral and undistorted Swedish corporate tax system. The thesis also investigates legislative and regulatory public reactions to the Box Corporation in the ways of CFC tax provisions, of denying tax treaty privileges by Limitation of Benefits clauses and of increasing domestic requirements on reportable transactions and international exchange of information and co-operation.

The subject of the master’s thesis are compliance costs of taxation. These costs are associated with the existence of the tax system which, by law, obligates entities to pay taxes. Compliance costs of taxation are defined as costs, which arise to taxpayers, individuals and legal entites due to the fulfillment of tax obligations. Although these costs have a major impact on the efficiency of the tax system, they are not officially measured. The purpose of the master’s thesis is to identify, quantify and optimize the compliance costs of taxation in a specific company.

我國金融商品之推出一直面臨著賦稅課徵之挑戰，也因而引起徵納雙方之爭議，使得資本市場之流動性受到影響。是以，新金融商品分割債券之推行，其賦稅課徵之合理性及公平性與否，亦會重大影響債券市場之效益。然而國內學者對於分割債券的研究相當少，主要是聚焦於我國制度的介紹及分割前後之附息債券與零息債券課稅方式之差異；國外學者則發現課稅方式的改變使得分割公債交易有巨額成長（Livingston and Gregory, 1989），以及交易方式及課稅方式之差異使得債券分割前後產生套利空間，導致市場無效率（Halpern and Rumsey, 2000）。 　　因此本研究主要係探討台灣分割債券現行賦稅規範，並探討其與利率連動之結構型債券商品，以及其與債券市場效率之相互影響。本研究以參考國外分割債券課稅方式，及引用財會理論及租稅理論為分析原則，且輔以我國最高行政法院及高等行政法院實際案例，探討其賦稅課徵的公平性及合理性；並依據所探討之問題提出建議以供稅務主管機關參考。 / We have been facing the taxation challenge while every new financial product comes out to market. In that case, we find the disputations between tax collector and taxpayer, which also affect the liquidity of the capital market. Similar to the existing disagreements of the taxation for financial instruments, stripped bonds also have same problems and we could see how important it is to evaluate the rationality and fairness. However, prior local researchers on stripped bonds did not focus a lot about its taxation problems. Still, they found the different taxation after the bond is stripped, which may cause some unfair treatments between the coupon bonds and the zero-coupon bonds. On the other hand, the prior foreign studies found out the transaction amount of the stripped treasury bonds increased (Livingston and Gregory, 1989) and market efficiency occurred (Halpern and Rumsey, 2000) when they differentiated the taxation between the coupon bonds and the zero-coupon bonds 　　The main purposes of this research are to study the current regulations of stripped bonds in our country, find out the problems in practical operations, connect the linkage with stripped bonds and structured bonds and realize what is the effect brought to the bond market. For the mentioned purposes, we refer to foreign documents, apply both accounting and tax theories to be our main principles, and review some practical law cases from our high and supreme administrative courts while evaluating the rationality and fairness of stripped bond taxation. Therefore we could provide a reference for the authority in determining the future tax regulations.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a teoria da igualdade tributária e sua aplicação em face da técnica das margens de lucro presumidas, como um dos elementos de cálculo dos preços de transferência, consoante previsto na Lei n. 9.430/96. Parte-se de um estudo analítico da isonomia tributária, esmiuçando-se seus elementos, natureza e dimensão normativa, para, posteriormente, passar-se à análise de sua influência sobre a arm’s legth theory e a técnica dos preços de transferência, em especial sobre a presunção das margens de lucro. Mediante esta perspectiva, busca-se averiguar a possibilidade ou não de flexibilização daquelas margens de lucratividade, de molde a desvendar se o contribuinte possui legitimidade de utilizar margens de lucro diversas daquelas predefinidas, a forma que poderá valer-se deste direito e respectivo momento. / This work aims to analyze the tax equality theory and its application in the face of the presumed profit margins technique, as one of the elements of the calculation of transfer pricing, according to law number 9.430/96. It starts with an analytical study of tax equality theory, scrutinizing its elements, nature and normative dimension, and subsequently moves to an analysis of its influence on the „arm‟s length‟ principle and the technique of transfer pricing, especially on the presumption of profit margins. With this perspective, it seeks to investigate the possibility of the relaxation of those profit margins, which could unravel if the taxpayer has the right to use different profit margins than those pre-defined, however the taxpayer can avail themselves of this right and when is the appropriate moment.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a teoria da igualdade tributária e sua aplicação em face da técnica das margens de lucro presumidas, como um dos elementos de cálculo dos preços de transferência, consoante previsto na Lei n. 9.430/96. Parte-se de um estudo analítico da isonomia tributária, esmiuçando-se seus elementos, natureza e dimensão normativa, para, posteriormente, passar-se à análise de sua influência sobre a arm’s legth theory e a técnica dos preços de transferência, em especial sobre a presunção das margens de lucro. Mediante esta perspectiva, busca-se averiguar a possibilidade ou não de flexibilização daquelas margens de lucratividade, de molde a desvendar se o contribuinte possui legitimidade de utilizar margens de lucro diversas daquelas predefinidas, a forma que poderá valer-se deste direito e respectivo momento. / This work aims to analyze the tax equality theory and its application in the face of the presumed profit margins technique, as one of the elements of the calculation of transfer pricing, according to law number 9.430/96. It starts with an analytical study of tax equality theory, scrutinizing its elements, nature and normative dimension, and subsequently moves to an analysis of its influence on the „arm‟s length‟ principle and the technique of transfer pricing, especially on the presumption of profit margins. With this perspective, it seeks to investigate the possibility of the relaxation of those profit margins, which could unravel if the taxpayer has the right to use different profit margins than those pre-defined, however the taxpayer can avail themselves of this right and when is the appropriate moment.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a teoria da igualdade tributária e sua aplicação em face da técnica das margens de lucro presumidas, como um dos elementos de cálculo dos preços de transferência, consoante previsto na Lei n. 9.430/96. Parte-se de um estudo analítico da isonomia tributária, esmiuçando-se seus elementos, natureza e dimensão normativa, para, posteriormente, passar-se à análise de sua influência sobre a arm’s legth theory e a técnica dos preços de transferência, em especial sobre a presunção das margens de lucro. Mediante esta perspectiva, busca-se averiguar a possibilidade ou não de flexibilização daquelas margens de lucratividade, de molde a desvendar se o contribuinte possui legitimidade de utilizar margens de lucro diversas daquelas predefinidas, a forma que poderá valer-se deste direito e respectivo momento. / This work aims to analyze the tax equality theory and its application in the face of the presumed profit margins technique, as one of the elements of the calculation of transfer pricing, according to law number 9.430/96. It starts with an analytical study of tax equality theory, scrutinizing its elements, nature and normative dimension, and subsequently moves to an analysis of its influence on the „arm‟s length‟ principle and the technique of transfer pricing, especially on the presumption of profit margins. With this perspective, it seeks to investigate the possibility of the relaxation of those profit margins, which could unravel if the taxpayer has the right to use different profit margins than those pre-defined, however the taxpayer can avail themselves of this right and when is the appropriate moment.