In this thesis, we propose the analytical calculations of single layer organic light emitting diode (OLED) characteristics using a device model which includes charge injection, trap charge limited, recombination, and the effect background dopping. Meanwhile, we report the results of a theoretical and simulated study of carrier transport between Schottky (ohmic) and organic contact in organic emitting diodes . In this thesis, my model shows that in a doped organic material with ohmic contacts the current is ohmic at low voltage. If the ohmic contact at the cathode is replaced by an Schottky contact the current varies exponentially with the applied voltage V. The current changes to space charge limited current (SCLC) at high voltage. The voltage at which the change takes place depends on the dopant concentrations. In the SCLC regime the current varies according to well-known V2 law if there are no traps and the mobility is independent of the electric field. In this model, we attempt to capture the salient features of organic LEDs with the minimal numberof physical assumptions. The aim is to describle intrinsic properties of the organic materical with the simplest model and add complexity as needed.

Chemnitz, Techn. Univ., Diplomarb., 2000.

In this thesis, the flow and heat transfer in dimpled channels have been investigated using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. The primary objective of this investigation is to identify the capabilities of RANS models to reproduce the characteristics of the flow and heat transfer in dimples. The flow in dimpled channels has been chosen as the test case due to their relevance to gas turbine cooling applications, as well as the fairly complex flow features over dimples, which poses a challenge to turbulence modelling. Five turbulence models have been tested in the present work. These include: the Launder and Sharma k-epsilon model, both the Craft et al. (1996) and (2000) cubic k-epsilon models, the Hanjalic and Jakirlic Reynolds stress model (RSM), as well as the Craft (1998) two-component limit (TCL) RSM. The models have been chosen such that all three classes of RANS closure were tested. The tested models have been applied to two dimpled channel configurations with increasing complexity. In the first, the flow over a single dimple in a channel has been considered, while in the second, the case of a staggered array of dimples has been examined. Moreover, across these two configurations, the effect of the dimple depth, the channel height and the Reynolds number have also been investigated. The results show that all models produce a physically viable solution for the problem of the flow in dimpled channels. Nevertheless, the Craft et al. (1996) and (2000) cubic k-ε models, as well as the Craft (1998) TCL RSM, predicted dimple flow structures that deviate from the expected state. In general, the main flow characteristics are reproduced by the RANS models, and the predicted mean velocity profiles are in good agreement with the data. All models report an overall enhancement in heat transfer levels when using dimples in comparison to those of a plane channel.

Ziel der Arbeit ist die Erweiterung des Software-Werkzeuges ¨SAPCDEM¨ um eine Skriptsprache. Dieses Werkzeug wurde in der Abteilung ¨SAP R/3 Software Factory¨ der SAP AG entwickelt und dient der Verwaltung und Qualitaetssicherung der SAP R/3 CD's. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird das Werkzeug hinsichtlich seines Aufbaus und seiner Arbeitsweise analysiert. Es werden die genauen Anforderungen an die Skriptsprache ermittelt und Loesungsansaetze diskutiert, diese in das vorhandene System zu integrieren. Ein Interpreter wird entworfen, der die Anweisungen der Sprache in entsprechende Aktionen des Werkzeuges umsetzt.

<p>Skriptspråk har under det senaste decenniet fått en ökad spridning, både gällande användare</p><p>och gällande användningsområden. Från att huvudsakligen ha använts till enklare dagliga</p><p>administratörsuppgifter används idag skriptspråken inom många områden där tidigare enbart</p><p>systemspråk var ett alternativ. Denna uppsats undersöker och granskar fem skriptspråk: PHP,</p><p>Perl, Ruby, Tcl och PostScript. Målet är att undersöka språkens egenskaper och se på</p><p>skillnader språken emellan. Vi jämför också skriptspråken mot systemspråket C, som dock</p><p>inte granskas för sig. Vi utför ett test där quicksort-algoritmen används för att sortera ett antal</p><p>element som läses in från fil. Ett testskript skrivs i varje språk, och dess effektivitet och</p><p>expressivitet jämförs.</p><p>Vi kommer i denna uppsats fram till att definitionen för skriptspråk, och det som skiljer</p><p>skriptspråk från systemspråk, är skriptspråkens avsaknad av ett separat kompileringssteg. En</p><p>annan viktig aspekt är skriptspråkens användning av dynamisk typbindning för variabler. De</p><p>tester vi gjort visar att inget av skriptspråken kan mäta sig med systemspråket C vad gäller</p><p>exekveringstid, däremot är de bättre gällande expressivitet. Av skriptspråken är Perl det språk</p><p>som är snabbast och PostScript det språk som är långsammast.</p> / <p>During the last decade, scripting languages have seen an increase in both number of users and</p><p>areas of development. Earlier, scripting languages were mainly used for everyday system</p><p>administration tasks. Nowadays, scripting languages are used in areas where previously only</p><p>system languages were an alternative. In this dissertation, five scripting languages are</p><p>compared and reviewed. The languages are: PHP, Perl, Ruby, Tcl, and PostScript. The goal is</p><p>to examine characteristics of the languages and illustrate the differences between them. We</p><p>also compare the scripting languages against the system language C, which is not examined in</p><p>this dissertation. We perform a test where the quicksort algorithm is used to sort a number of</p><p>elements which are read from file. A test script is written in every language, and their</p><p>efficiency and expressiveness are compared.</p><p>In this dissertation we come to the conclusion that the definition of scripting languages, and</p><p>the main difference between scripting languages and system languages, is the absence of a</p><p>separate compiling stage for scripting languages. We also consider the use of dynamic typing</p><p>regarding variables to be an important aspect of scripting languages. The tests have shown</p><p>that scripting languages can not compete with the system language C regarding efficiency of</p><p>execution, but the scripting languages have a higher level of expressiveness. Perl is fastest</p><p>among the scripting languages and PostScript is the slowest.</p>

Einführung in die Script- und eingebettete Sprache Tcl/Tk. Einsatzmöglichkeiten als Scriptsprache, bei Internetanwendungen und zur Erstellung graphischer Programmoberflächen.

The popularity of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) has grown in recent years due to their potential performance advantages over sequential software, and as a prototyping platform for application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC). Vendors such as Xilinx offer automated tool suites that can be used to program FPGAs based on a RTL description. These tool suites are sufficient forgeneral users, but they usually don't provide the opportunity to integrate custom computer-aideddesign (CAD) tools into the regular design flow. Xilinx first offered this capability in their ISE tool suite with the Xilinx Design Language (XDL). Using XDL, a Xilinx design could be extracted from the regular CAD flow, run through an external tool, and injected back into the flow. Research tools targeting commercial FPGAs have most commonly been based on XDL. Vivado (Xilinx's newest tool suite) no longer supports XDL, preventing similar tools from being created for next-generation devices. Instead, Vivado includes a Tcl interface that exposes Xilinx's internal design and device data structures. Considerable challenges still remain to users attempting to leverage this Tcl interface to develop external CAD tools. This thesis presents the Vivado Design Interface (VDI), a set of file formats and Tcl functions that address the challenges of exporting and importing designs to and from Vivado. To demonstrate its use, VDI has been integrated with RapidSmith2, an external FPGA CAD framework. To the best of our knowledge this work is the first successful attempt to provide an opensource tool-flow that can export designs from Vivado, manipulate them with external CAD tools, and re-import an equivalent representation back into Vivado.

In this work an interface between network simulator OPNET Modeler and network operations generator IxChariot is described. The goal is to control the generator by data from an OPNET modeler simulation. More accurately the generator is supposed to produce a data flow with desired settings of DSCP field, which is used to support quality of service mechanism. The goal can be achieved by two possible approaches: using IxChariot TCL API or IxChariot C API. Both of these approaches are described and conclusions are made at the end.

Skriptspråk har under det senaste decenniet fått en ökad spridning, både gällande användare och gällande användningsområden. Från att huvudsakligen ha använts till enklare dagliga administratörsuppgifter används idag skriptspråken inom många områden där tidigare enbart systemspråk var ett alternativ. Denna uppsats undersöker och granskar fem skriptspråk: PHP, Perl, Ruby, Tcl och PostScript. Målet är att undersöka språkens egenskaper och se på skillnader språken emellan. Vi jämför också skriptspråken mot systemspråket C, som dock inte granskas för sig. Vi utför ett test där quicksort-algoritmen används för att sortera ett antal element som läses in från fil. Ett testskript skrivs i varje språk, och dess effektivitet och expressivitet jämförs. Vi kommer i denna uppsats fram till att definitionen för skriptspråk, och det som skiljer skriptspråk från systemspråk, är skriptspråkens avsaknad av ett separat kompileringssteg. En annan viktig aspekt är skriptspråkens användning av dynamisk typbindning för variabler. De tester vi gjort visar att inget av skriptspråken kan mäta sig med systemspråket C vad gäller exekveringstid, däremot är de bättre gällande expressivitet. Av skriptspråken är Perl det språk som är snabbast och PostScript det språk som är långsammast. / During the last decade, scripting languages have seen an increase in both number of users and areas of development. Earlier, scripting languages were mainly used for everyday system administration tasks. Nowadays, scripting languages are used in areas where previously only system languages were an alternative. In this dissertation, five scripting languages are compared and reviewed. The languages are: PHP, Perl, Ruby, Tcl, and PostScript. The goal is to examine characteristics of the languages and illustrate the differences between them. We also compare the scripting languages against the system language C, which is not examined in this dissertation. We perform a test where the quicksort algorithm is used to sort a number of elements which are read from file. A test script is written in every language, and their efficiency and expressiveness are compared. In this dissertation we come to the conclusion that the definition of scripting languages, and the main difference between scripting languages and system languages, is the absence of a separate compiling stage for scripting languages. We also consider the use of dynamic typing regarding variables to be an important aspect of scripting languages. The tests have shown that scripting languages can not compete with the system language C regarding efficiency of execution, but the scripting languages have a higher level of expressiveness. Perl is fastest among the scripting languages and PostScript is the slowest.

Network simulation can be beneficial not only in solving problems while applying new standards or recommendations, but also primarily an aid in understanding and verifying knowledge of behaviour of communications protocols. The aim of the thesis is to create illustrative tasks in the simulation environment, Network Simulator 2 (NS-2), which are designed to verify the behavior of BGP and multicast. Created tasks are above all devoted to BGP, which is the cornerstone of routing information of all IP networks conglomerate, the Internet. The first two tasks designed for BGP use the implementation of ns-BGP and the remaining are based on the implementation of BGP++. The tasks verify both the function of basic attributes of the protocol, influencing the decision making process when routing information (AS_PATH, MED, LOCAL_PREF, WEIGHT), and furthermore the methods or parameters affecting the efficiency of the process of routing and a reduction of excessive network traffic (BGP confederation, routing, aggregation, MRAI). The last task regards multicast, more specifically the type of DM, which is a group of the so-called Dense Mode. The task illustrates how to join/leave groups and spread messages of types GRAFT and PRUNE under a constant data stream.