Orientador: Sergio Azevedo de Oliveira / Banca: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro / Banca: Antônio César Baleeiro Alves / Resumo: Neste trabalho propõe-se o desenvolvimento de uma interface gráfica voltada para a resolução do problema de planejamento da expansão das linhas de transmissão, que utiliza-se de programas para a obtenção das soluções ótimas ou de boas soluções. A grande dificuldade encontrada por usuários ao interagir com estes programas, motivou o desenvolvimento de uma aplicação com interface gráfica, a qual disponibiliza ao usuário diversas metodologias para a resolução do problema do planejamento da expansão das linhas de transmissão de energia elétrica. Espera-se que software como este, agregado ao sistema de ensino tradicional que normalmente 'e utilizado num curso de engenharia elétrica, possa fortalecer o processo de aprendizagem do aluno. Assim, o software educacional Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP 1.0) está sendo desenvolvido visando propiciar um ambiente agradável para a realização de simulações e testes e favorecer a aprendizagem dos conceitos que envolvem o problema do planejamento da expansão da transmissão. É possível através deste software fazer simulações para os sistemas: Garver (6 barras/ 15 ramos), Sul brasileiro (46 barras/79 ramos) e Norte-Nordeste brasileiro (87 barras/179 ramos). O software se beneficia de recursos oferecidos por programas que são executados em background, bem como da utilização de meta-heurísticas e do ambiente de processamento de máquinas paralelas virtuais, as quais podem ser selecionadas para realização dos testes em determinado sistema / Abstract: This work proposes the development of a computational tool aimed at solving the problem of the transmission expansion planning, which uses programs in the background to obtain optimal solutions or good solutions. The great difficulty for users to interact with these programs, motivated the development of an application with a graphical interface, which provides the user with various methodologies for solving the problem of expansion planning of transmission lines of electricity. It is expected that software like this, added to the traditional school system which is normally used in electrical engineering courses, can strengthen the process of student learning. Thus, the educational software Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP 1.0) is being developed to provide a pleasant environment for simulations and testing and promote the learning of concepts involving the issue of transmission expansion planning. It is possible using this software to do simulations for the systems: Garver (6 nodes / 15 branches), South Brazilian (46 nodes / 79 branches) and North-Northeast Brazilian (87 nodes / 179 branches). The software takes advantage of capabilities offered by programs that run on background, and using meta-heuristics and the processing environment, parallel virtual machine, which can be selected to test on a system / Mestre

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Ziel der Arbeit ist die Erweiterung des Software-Werkzeuges ¨SAPCDEM¨ um eine Skriptsprache. Dieses Werkzeug wurde in der Abteilung ¨SAP R/3 Software Factory¨ der SAP AG entwickelt und dient der Verwaltung und Qualitaetssicherung der SAP R/3 CD's. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird das Werkzeug hinsichtlich seines Aufbaus und seiner Arbeitsweise analysiert. Es werden die genauen Anforderungen an die Skriptsprache ermittelt und Loesungsansaetze diskutiert, diese in das vorhandene System zu integrieren. Ein Interpreter wird entworfen, der die Anweisungen der Sprache in entsprechende Aktionen des Werkzeuges umsetzt.

Einführung in die Script- und eingebettete Sprache Tcl/Tk. Einsatzmöglichkeiten als Scriptsprache, bei Internetanwendungen und zur Erstellung graphischer Programmoberflächen.

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The subject of this thesis is a qualitative analysis of the usability of three contemporary programming languages: Perl, Python, and Tcl. The relative usability of these languages was assessed by implementing two representative applications — a paint program and a chat program — in all three languages; using PSP to collect data on program development; and then comparing development times, defect counts, and defect fix times. Overall, Python was the easiest of the three languages to use, especially for new users. Perl is the hardest, and Tcl is somewhere between. Specifically, Perl's basic language constructs are the hardest to learn and to use. Python's are the easiest. Tcl's are closer to Python's. Python's and Tcl's mechanisms for supporting OO are much easier to learn for new users than Perl's. Python's Tk libraries are easier to use than Perl's and Tcl's. Tcl's [Incr Widget] (megawidgets) library is by far the hardest to master. Perl's Tk library is somewhere in between. Perl's I/O and Socket libraries are much harder to use than Python's and Tcl's. The primary recommendations of this study are as follows: For Perl, a better OO support will reduce a significant number of OO-related defects, especially to new users. For Tcl, Tcl's [Incr Tcl] megawidget library should wrap the standard raw Tk widgets into [Incr Tk] classes, to prevent a significant number of defects from mixture uses of raw Tk widgets and [incr Tk] megawidgets classes. Tcl's eventloop mechanism is a good model for handling non-blocking sockets and I/Os. Both Perl and Python should also provide such an easy model.

The field programmable gate array (FPGA) is appealing as a computational platform because of its ability to be repurposed for a number of different applications and its relatively low design cost. Traditionally, FPGA vendors provide a set of electronic design automation (EDA) tools to assist customers with the implementation of their designs. These tools are necessarily general purpose, and the resulting tool flow does not provide the user much in the way of customization. Frameworks such as RapidSmith and Torc allow for the creation of custom CAD tools that are able to target actual Xilinx FPGA devices. However, they are built on the Xilinx Design Language (XDL), which was discontinued with the introduction of Xilinx's new tool suite Vivado. Instead, Vivado provides direct access to its data structures through a Tcl interface, as well as EDIF and Xilinx Design Constraint (XDC) files. This thesis discusses Vivado's ability to support a custom CAD tool framework similar to RapidSmith and Torc. It provides a detailed description of the CAD-related aspects of Vivado's Tcl API and shows how its command set can be used to integrate a custom CAD tool framework. This is demonstrated through the introduction of Tincr, a suite of two Tcl-based libraries that each encapsulate a separate method for implementing such a framework. The first is the TincrCAD library, a high-level CAD tool framework built within Vivado's Tcl environment. The second is TincrIO, a set of Tcl commands that comprise a file-based interface into Vivado, similar to XDL. These libraries are offered up as evidence that the Vivado Design Suite can provide a foundation for the implementation of custom CAD tools that operate on Xilinx FPGAs for the foreseeable future.

Dans des domaines comme l'aéronautique, l'énergie, le médical ou encore les technologies de l'information en général, les besoins de formuler des arguments de sûreté, sécurité, confidentialité, etc. sont de plus en plus présents. Or, la représentation et l'évaluation de ces arguments n'est pas une chose aisée et fait l'objet de nombreux débats depuis les dix dernières années particulièrement. Une structure argumentative est une modélisation d'un argument ayant comme but d'expliciter les liens (l'argument) reliant une affirmation modélisant une propriété d'un système aux preuves qui la supportent. Les deux principaux défis reliés aux structures argumentatives sont les langages de représentation et les méthodes permettant d'évaluer le niveau de confiance que l'on peut attribuer à l'argument modélisé. S'intéressant à ces deux problématiques, ce mémoire investigue d'une part des langages permettant de représenter des structures argumentatives, et d'une autre part la théorie de l'évidence de Dempster-Shafer. En particulier, ce mémoire présente les langages GSN et TCL, la correspondance entre ces deux langages ainsi que de possibles extensions permettant d'en augmenter l'expressivité. La théorie de l'évidence de Dempster-Shafer y est aussi présentée et y fait l'objet d'une extension qui évite de traiter les cas limites comme des cas particuliers. La théorie de l'évidence de Dempster-Shafer permet de construire un modèle de confiance global à partir d'évaluations locales. Ces dernières sont obtenues en évaluant chaque composante d'une structure argumentative de façon indépendante. Des approches de construction des structures argumentatives ainsi que d'évaluation de leurs éléments sont développées et appliquées dans le cas de deux exemples provenant de deux contextes différents : la conformité avec l'exemple de l'ISO-27001 et la sûreté avec l'exemple d'une pompe à perfusion.

La thématique principale de cette thèse est la construction et l'étude de méthodes implémentables par ordinateur permettant d'approcher le régime stationnaire d'un processus ergordique multidimensionnel solution d'une EDS dirigée par un processus de Lévy. S'appuyant sur une approche développée par Lamberton&Pagès puis Lemaire dans le cadre des diffusions Browniennes, nos méthodes basées sur des schémas <br />d'Euler à pas décroissant, « exacts » ou « approchés », permettent de simuler efficacement la probabilité invariante mais également la loi globale d'un tel processus en régime stationnaire. <br />Ce travail possède des applications théoriques et pratiques diverses dont certaines <br />sont développées ici (TCL p.s. pour les lois stables, théorème limite relatif aux valeurs extrêmes, pricing d'options pour des modèles à volatilité stochastique stationnaire...).