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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Studium dekompozice organické hmoty v půdě pomocí metody "čajových sáčků" / Study of decomposition of organic matter in soil using the method of "tea bags"

Lišková, Kateřina January 2021 (has links)
The main aim of this master thesis was to introduce an optimal method which could be used for study of a decompostion of an organic matter in a soil. For this purpose was chosen based on a literaly review so-called tea bag method. With regard to the completeness of the work, a physico-chemical characterization of the soil environment and HS isolated from it was also performed. The degraded organic material was then further characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, and the total content of water-extractable polyphenolic substances in the samples was also determined.
2

Weight losses of Green tea and Rooibos tea in an aquatic environment : The importance of leaching when estimating decomposition rates / Viktförluster av Grönt te och Rooibos te i vattenmiljö : Vikten av urlakning vid estimering av nedbrytningshastigheter

Edwartz, Johannes January 2018 (has links)
Leaching is one of the major processes occurring when organic litter is decomposed and is often completed within a few days when litter enters aquatic environments. It is important that leaching is addressed when studying microbial and invertebrate decomposition rates in order to avoid overestimations. The traditional litter bag method that has been used to measure decomposition rates in both terrestrial and aquatic environments has in recent years been challenged by the new and widely adopted tea bag index (TBI). Both methods, however, fail to bring a standardized methodology for separating and recognizing weight losses of litter due to leaching and biotic decomposition. Through a field experiment in two streams with different water discharge, this study has focused on exploring the leaching phase and post-leaching phase of the tea products used in TBI. The results unveiled that 20% of rooibos tea’s and 44% of green tea’s initial weight was lost to leaching within three days (72 hours) of the experiment. After the 72nd hour, both teas remained in a stabilized phase until the end of the experiment (120 hours). Water discharge had no significant effect on neither of the tea-weights during or after the leaching phase. This study recommends that weight loss through the leaching phase are taken into account in future studies and advocate the development of an updated TBI protocol where leaching losses are recognized. If not, overestimations of active decomposition rates will be made and may result in compromised conclusions. / Urlakning är en av de viktigaste processerna som uppstår vid nedbrytning av organiskt material och är ofta slutfört inom några dagar när materialet befinner sig i vattenmiljöer. Det är viktigt att den urlakade massan beräknas när studier fokuserade på nedbrytningshastigeter av mikrober och evertebrater genomförs, detta för att undvika en överestimering av den biotiska aktiviteten. Den traditionella metoden, där torkade växtdelar i påsar, har använts för att mäta nedbrytningshastigheter i både mark- och vattenmiljöer har under de senaste åren utmanats av det nya och allmänt accepterade tepåse-indexet (TBI). Båda metoderna misslyckas dock med att implementera en standardiserad metodik för att separera och uppskatta materialets viktförluster genom urlakning och biotisk nedbrytning. Genom ett fältexperiment i två vattendrag med olika vattenföring har denna studie fokuserat på att undersöka urlakningsfasen och den stabiliserade perioden efter urlakningen hos teprodukterna som används i TBI. Resultaten avslöjade att 20% av rooibos tes och 44% av grönt tes ursprungliga vikt förloras genom urlakning inom tre dagar (72 timmar) av experimentet. Efter den 72:a timmen förblev båda teerna i en stabiliserad fas till slutet av experimentet (120 timmar). Vattenflöde hade ingen signifikant effekt på någon av tetypernas vikter, varken för perioden under eller efter urlakningsfasen. Denna studie rekommenderar att viktminskning genom urlakningsfasen beaktas i framtida studier och förespråkar utvecklingen av ett uppdaterat TBI-protokoll för att inkludera urlakningens påverkan. Om inte, kommer överskattningar av aktiva nedbrytningshastigheter att göras och kan leda till äventyrade slutsatser.
3

Drivers of decomposition across Sphagnum bog margins / Påverkansfaktorer för nedbrytning i vitmossemyrars kantzoner

Nordström, Emil January 2022 (has links)
Peatlands provide multiple ecosystem services, including extensive carbon sequestration and storage, yet many peatlands have been degraded or destroyed. Peatlands carbon storage capacity is connected to inherently low decomposition rates, causing the build-up of organic matter. Reasons suggested for this include waterlogged conditions that reduce the amount of available oxygen for the decomposer community, a low pH that inhibits bacterial decomposition, and colder temperatures lowering metabolic rates. This study focused on edge effects on decomposition in the transition zone between Sphagnum bogs and surrounding forest, with the expectation that decomposition is lowest in the bog and highest in the forest, but with a mix of factors causing intermediate decomposition rates near the bog edge. Transitional decomposition rates were measured across six bogs in central Sweden during the summer of 2021, using the tea bag index. Three 20 meter transects, each containing seven pairs of tea bags, were buried across the margins of each bog, centred at the edge of the Sphagnum moss. Soil moisture content, pH, and plant composition was also recorded at each burial site, and with 12 temperature loggers placed evenly among four of the bogs. The results confirmed the hypothesis regarding edge effects, and soil moisture was the dominant factor affecting the decomposition rate, having a strong significant negative correlation. The interaction of pH was significant but with an unexpected negative correlation, most likely due to the low pH in the surrounding forest. Temperature displayed no significance, and plants indicative of low decomposition rates included Vaccinium oxycoccos, Drosera rotundifolia, and especially Sphagnum species. The conclusions are that there is an edge effect on decomposition, and maintaining, or restoring, the hydrology of a peatland is the most important factor for continued carbon storage, with a rough estimation of an areas decomposition rate possible to estimate based on its vegetation. / Torvmarker bidrar med flera ekosystemtjänster, däribland utbrett koldioxidupptag och kollagring, trots detta har många torvmarker idag antingen skadats eller förstörts. Torvmarkers förmåga att lagra kol beror på en låg nedbrytningstakt, vilket gör att organiskt material ackumuleras; möjliga förklaringar som föreslagits till detta är vattensjuk mark som minskar syretillgången för nedbrytarsamhället, ett surt pH som missgynnar bakteriell nedbrytning, samt lägre temperaturer vilket sänker metabolismen generellt. Den här studien fokuserade på hur kanteffekter påverkar nedbrytningen i övergångszonen mellan vitmossemyrar och skog, med förväntningen att nedbrytningen är lägst ute i myren och högst i skogen, men att flera olika faktorer orsakar en intermediär nedbrytningshastighet i myrkanten. Nedbrytningshastigheten i 6 myrars övergångszoner, belägna i centrala Sverige, uppskattades under sommaren 2021 med hjälp av tepåseindexet (tea bag index). Tre 20 meters transekter med 7 par tepåsar vardera begravdes vid varje myr, med mitten vid kanten på vitmossan. Mätningar gjordes vid varje tepåsepar gällande markfuktighet, pH, och växtsamhälle, samt vid 4 myrar så placerades totalt 12 temperaturloggrar. Resultaten bekräftar hypotesen om kanteffekter och markfuktighet framträdde som den dominerande faktorn, med en signifikant negativ effekt på nedbrytningshastigheten. Effekten av pH var också signifikant men med en oväntad negativ korrelation, förmodligen på grund av den sura jorden i omgivande tallskog (Pinus sylvestris). Temperatur hade inte någon signifikant effekt, och växter som indikerade låg nedbrytning var Vaccinium oxycoccos, Drosera rotundifolia, samt framförallt Sphagnum spp.. Slutsatsen är att det finns en kanteffekt och att bevara, eller återskapa, hydrologin av en vitmossemyr är den viktigaste faktorn för fortsatt kolinlagring, med en grov skattning av ett områdes nedbrytningshastighet möjlig att basera på markernas växtlighet.
4

Effects of Climate and Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on Early to Mid-Term Stage Litter Decomposition Across Biomes

Kwon, TaeOh, Shibata, Hideaki, Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, K. Schmidt, Inger, S. Larsen, Klaus, Beier, Claus, Berg, Björn, Verheyen, Kris, Lamarque, Jean-Francois, Hagedorn, Frank, Eisenhauer, Nico, Djukic, Ika, Network, TeaComposition 11 December 2023 (has links)
Litter decomposition is a key process for carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and is mainly controlled by environmental conditions, substrate quantity and quality as well as microbial community abundance and composition. In particular, the effects of climate and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on litter decomposition and its temporal dynamics are of significant importance, since their effects might change over the course of the decomposition process. Within the TeaComposition initiative, we incubated Green and Rooibos teas at 524 sites across nine biomes. We assessed how macroclimate and atmospheric inorganic N deposition under current and predicted scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 8.5) might affect litter mass loss measured after 3 and 12 months. Our study shows that the early to mid-term mass loss at the global scale was affected predominantly by litter quality (explaining 73% and 62% of the total variance after 3 and 12 months, respectively) followed by climate and N deposition. The effects of climate were not litter-specific and became increasingly significant as decomposition progressed, with MAP explaining 2% and MAT 4% of the variation after 12 months of incubation. The effect of N deposition was litter-specific, and significant only for 12-month decomposition of Rooibos tea at the global scale. However, in the temperate biome where atmospheric N deposition rates are relatively high, the 12- month mass loss of Green and Rooibos teas decreased significantly with increasing N deposition, explaining 9.5% and 1.1% of the variance, respectively. The expected changes in macroclimate and N deposition at the global scale by the end of this century are estimated to increase the 12-month mass loss of easily decomposable litter by 1.1– 3.5% and of the more stable substrates by 3.8–10.6%, relative to current mass loss. In contrast, expected changes in atmospheric N deposition will decrease the mid-term mass loss of high-quality litter by 1.4–2.2% and that of low-quality litter by 0.9–1.5% in the temperate biome. Our results suggest that projected increases in N deposition may have the capacity to dampen the climate-driven increases in litter decomposition depending on the biome and decomposition stage of substrate.

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