Bien que les facteurs de risque associés au faible engagement scolaire aient été largement étudiés, les mécanismes qui conduisent les enfants moins bien préparés pour l’école à se désengager dès le début de leur parcours scolaire demeurent méconnus. Une meilleure compréhension de ces mécanismes permettrait de prévenir le désinvestissement de ces élèves et favoriserait leur persévérance scolaire. Étant donné l’importance des relations sociales en début de scolarisation, la présente étude a pour objectif d’examiner dans quelle mesure la relation que l’élève entretient avec son enseignant en première année peut expliquer le lien entre la préparation à l’école en maternelle et l’engagement scolaire en deuxième année. Des régressions linéaires multiples hiérarchiques réalisées sur un échantillon de 1492 élèves québécois ont permis de vérifier cette hypothèse. Les résultats obtenus confirment que la relation maître-élève chaleureuse et conflictuelle permet d’expliquer le niveau d’engagement des élèves qui présentent une faible préparation à l’école lorsqu’ils entrent à la maternelle. Les implications pour la recherche et la pratique des intervenants en milieu scolaire seront discutées. / Risk factors associated with lower school engagement have been widely studied. Children entering school with lower levels of school readiness tend to be less engaged in school activities. However, the mechanisms leading those children to early disengagement are yet to be discovered. Better understanding these mechanisms could help prevent disengagement and school dropout. Social relationships are known to be of high importance, especially at school entry. Therefore, the present study will test if the teacher-student relationship in grade 1 can explain the association between school readiness in kindergarten and school engagement in grade 2. This hypothesis was verified using multiple linear regressions and a sample of 1492 French-canadian pupils. Results show that children’s readiness for school in kindergarten can predict their level of school engagement two years later. Furthermore, conflict and closeness in the teacher-student relationship are mechanisms which can explain this predictive relationship. Implications for further research and school intervention will be discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Luiza Garitano de Castro.pdf: 1170559 bytes, checksum: 8f8bbb540b2e3f2a6cccfe642e1b0480 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this study is to characterize the today´s high school teacher at one school in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. In this sense, the focus turn to the good teacher as himself, who was chosen by his students as good professionals. As specific objectives, we seek to know the teacher-student relationship and the main challenges faced by Good High School Teacher in their teaching profession; to know the strategies and resources used by them to meet the challenges and the meaning attributed to work with young high school students. The methodological procedures used: City and School documents; questionnaires apllied to131 students of the first series degree in order to identify the teachers that were considered Good Teachers; questionnaires to characterize the management team and the five teachers chosen by the students; semi-structured interviews with a complete questionnaire with teachers. The data analysis indicated that Good High School Teachers are responsible people, aware of their responsibility and function, which constantly reflect on their daily activities. They realize that the major challenges to the teaching profession are the family distance from educational issues, the young people lack of interest and motivation about the knowledge itself, lack of support and assistance from the management team, lack of research infrastructure (space and equipments) and incentives, as well as training outside the public network. To face these challenges they research subjects and strategies in books, magazines and Internet to improve their classes, beyond considering the colleagues exchange of experiences very important while recognizing that this practice needs to be further stimulated. The Good High School Teachers enjoy working with young people, recognize that they are at particular development phase and that there is a need to establish empathic link with teenagers. They are conscious that they should be aware of the emotional demands. The teacher-student relationship for these Good Teachers should be emotional but also exercised with authority and respect from both of them / Este estudo busca caracterizar o Bom Professor do Ensino Médio de uma escola do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Nesse sentido, o olhar volta-se para o Bom professor a partir dele mesmo, escolhido por seus alunos como bons profissionais. Como objetivos específicos busca-se conhecer como se dá a relação professor-aluno e os principais desafios enfrentados pelos professores no exercício da docência; conhecer as estratégias e recursos por eles utilizados para enfrentar esses desafios e o significado atribuído ao seu trabalho com jovens do Ensino Médio. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram: levantamento documental do município e da unidade escolar; aplicação de questionários em 131 alunos da 1ª. Série do Ensino Médio a fim de identificar os docentes considerados Bons Professores; questionários de caracterização da equipe gestora e dos cinco docentes escolhidos pelos alunos; entrevistas semiestruturadas com os docentes e protocolo de frases para completar. A análise dos dados indicou que os Bons Professores do Ensino Médio são pessoas responsáveis, cientes de sua responsabilidade, de sua função, que refletem constantemente sobre sua prática. Consideram como principais desafios para a docência a ausência da família nos assuntos educacionais, a falta de interesse e motivação dos jovens frente ao conhecimento, a falta de apoio e suporte da equipe gestora, a falta de infraestrutura (física e de equipamentos), bem como de incentivo para a realização de pesquisas e cursos externos à Rede. Para enfrentar os desafios buscam em livros, revistas e material da internet, assuntos e estratégias para melhoria de suas aulas, além de considerarem a troca de experiências importante com os colegas, embora reconheçam que essa prática necessite ser mais estimulada. Gostam de trabalhar com os jovens, reconhecem que eles estão em fase específica do desenvolvimento e que há necessidade de estabelecimento de vínculo empático com os adolescentes. São conscientes que devem estar atentos às demandas afetivas. A relação professor-aluno para esses Bons Professores deve ser afetiva, mas também exercida com autoridade e respeito por parte de ambos os sujeitos

This study examined the reliability and validity of the Teacher Attribution Measure for Early Elementary (TAM-EE), a measure adapted from the Preschool Teaching Attributions (PTA) measure, to assess the challenging behavior attributions of early elementary teachers. Like the PTA, the TAM-EE uses a series of student-specific behavior scenarios as prompts for teachers who then rate statements aligned with dimensions of attribution theory on a 6-point scale. A sample of 41 teachers completed the TAM-EE on 79 students in grades K-3 screened for risk of emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). Teachers also completed reports of student behavior, self-efficacy, and perceptions of the student-teacher relationship. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis suggest that the two-factor model (Causal and Responsibility) used for the PTA was best fit. Combined with significant correlations with measures assessing teacher perceptions and practices, this study provides both an initial psychometric evaluation of the TAM-EE and additional support for the validity and reliability of the PTA.

The present study aimed to investigate the self-efficacy levels of prospective teachers and to examine whether attitude towards teaching, competency in subject matter, mentor teacher - student teacher relationship and being a graduate of Anatolian Teacher High School (ATHS) predicted prospective teachers&rsquo / self-efficacy for teaching regarding classroom management, student engagement and instructional strategies. Participants of the study were 179 fourth year prospective teachers of English studying at the Foreign Language Education Departments of Gazi University, Middle East Technical University and Hacettepe University. Data was collected through (1) Teachers&rsquo / Sense of Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran &amp / Hoy, 2001), (2) Relationship with Your Mentor Scale (Capa &amp / Loadman, 2004), (3) Scale for Students&rsquo / Attitudes Towards the Teaching Profession (Semerci, 1999). Data analysis was conducted using the statistical software SPSS 15.0. Results of the study revealed that the prospective teachers of English feel quite positive about teaching when their self-efficacy composite scores were considered. In relation to the self efficacy levels of prospective teachers regarding classroom management, student engagement and instructional strategies, the results of this study showed that pre-service teachers of English believe that they are more efficacious in applying instructional strategies than they are in engaging students and they are found to be the least efficacious in managing the classroom. According to the results attained through hierarchical regression analyses, attitude towards teaching variable significantly predicted self-efficacy composite scores, efficacy scores for student engagement, classroom management and instructional strategies. Self-efficacy composite scores and efficacy for instructional strategies were significantly predicted by the competency in subject matter variable. Mentor teacher-student teacher relationship variable predicted only the efficacy for student engagement scores and finally the findings indicated that being a graduate of ATHSs was a significant predictor for neither efficacy belief composite scores nor the subscales. Findings were discussed in the light of the literature and implications of the findings and recommendations for practice and further research have been presented.

Research has demonstrated much evidence for the positive effect of parent involvement on academic achievement in children (Jeynes, 2003, 2007; Hoover-Dempsey, Walker, Sandler, Whetsel, Green, Wilkins, & Closson, 2005; Fan & Chen, 2001; Griffith, 1996). As children from low income and ethnic minority families are at the greatest risk for academic failure, it is important to study the processes that lead parents to become involved within at-risk populations. A comprehensive model such as the one proposed by Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler (1995, 1997) provides a map of important constructs to study. Research using this model appears promising as a way to conceptualize the processes that lead to parent involvement (Walker, Wilkins, Dallaire, Sandler, & Hoover-Dempsey, 2005). However, there are few studies that have tested this model with minority populations, and none that have focused on a primarily Latino population. Parent involvement research indicates inconsistent findings regarding the role of family background variables in the process of parent involvement (Ho & Willms, 1996; Griffith, 1998). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parent perceived invitations for involvement on parent involvement behavior with a primarily low-income, urban, Latino population. Two levels of the Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler model were tested: parent perceived invitations for involvement (child invitations, school invitations, and teacher invitations) and parent involvement behavior (home-based and school-based). Child invitations and teacher invitations were both found to be important types of invitation for total parent involvement (home-based and school-based combined). Home language, employment status, and parent education level moderated the effect of child invitations on total parent involvement. When parent involvement was differentiated into home-based and school-based involvement as separate dependent variables, child invitations had a significant effect on both types of involvement. Home language, employment status, and parent education level moderated the effect of child invitations on home-based parent involvement. For this population, child invitations for involvement appear to be the most important means to invite parent participation. Future research should continue to investigate the utility of Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler’s model of parent involvement with specific ethnic groups, and consider family background variables due to their potentially moderating role. / text

Bien que les facteurs de risque associés au faible engagement scolaire aient été largement étudiés, les mécanismes qui conduisent les enfants moins bien préparés pour l’école à se désengager dès le début de leur parcours scolaire demeurent méconnus. Une meilleure compréhension de ces mécanismes permettrait de prévenir le désinvestissement de ces élèves et favoriserait leur persévérance scolaire. Étant donné l’importance des relations sociales en début de scolarisation, la présente étude a pour objectif d’examiner dans quelle mesure la relation que l’élève entretient avec son enseignant en première année peut expliquer le lien entre la préparation à l’école en maternelle et l’engagement scolaire en deuxième année. Des régressions linéaires multiples hiérarchiques réalisées sur un échantillon de 1492 élèves québécois ont permis de vérifier cette hypothèse. Les résultats obtenus confirment que la relation maître-élève chaleureuse et conflictuelle permet d’expliquer le niveau d’engagement des élèves qui présentent une faible préparation à l’école lorsqu’ils entrent à la maternelle. Les implications pour la recherche et la pratique des intervenants en milieu scolaire seront discutées. / Risk factors associated with lower school engagement have been widely studied. Children entering school with lower levels of school readiness tend to be less engaged in school activities. However, the mechanisms leading those children to early disengagement are yet to be discovered. Better understanding these mechanisms could help prevent disengagement and school dropout. Social relationships are known to be of high importance, especially at school entry. Therefore, the present study will test if the teacher-student relationship in grade 1 can explain the association between school readiness in kindergarten and school engagement in grade 2. This hypothesis was verified using multiple linear regressions and a sample of 1492 French-canadian pupils. Results show that children’s readiness for school in kindergarten can predict their level of school engagement two years later. Furthermore, conflict and closeness in the teacher-student relationship are mechanisms which can explain this predictive relationship. Implications for further research and school intervention will be discussed.

Les élèves aux problèmes de comportements externalisés comme l'opposition éprouvent généralement de la difficulté à s’engager dans leurs apprentissages (Janosz, 2000). Or, un faible engagement scolaire peut générer des problèmes d’ordre académique et mener au décrochage. Toutefois, certains facteurs environnementaux tels que la relation maître-élève semblent influer sur l’investissement des élèves dans les activités scolaires. La présente étude vise à examiner le lien entre le degré d'opposition d'élèves du 2e cycle du primaire et leur engagement comportemental et affectif en français. Elle tente aussi de vérifier si la chaleur ou les conflits présents dans la relation maître-élève agissent comme facteurs de protection ou comme facteurs aggravants face à l’engagement scolaire des élèves oppositionnels. Finalement, cette étude s’intéresse à l’effet différentiel de la relation maître-élève sur l’engagement scolaire des garçons et des filles. Des régressions linéaires multiples hiérarchiques effectuées sur 385 élèves québécois ont permis d’atteindre ces objectifs. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que la chaleur n’agit pas à titre de facteur de protection en ce qui a trait à l’engagement comportemental des élèves oppositionnels, mais qu’elle est bénéfique pour l’engagement comportemental des filles. Les résultats confirment également l’effet aggravant des conflits sur l’engagement comportemental des élèves oppositionnels. Finalement, cette étude indique que les conflits élèves-enseignants sont nuisibles pour l’engagement affectif des garçons. Les implications de ces résultats pour la recherche et pour l’intervention en psychoéducation seront présentées. / Students who display externalized behavior problems such as opposition generally find it difficult to engage themselves in their learning (Janosz, 2000). Yet, a lack of engagement toward school can result in diverse academic problems and eventually lead to drop-out. However, certain school-related factors such as the student-teacher relationship might influence students’ investment in academic activities. The current study has three objectives. First, it attempts to examine the link between the degree of opposition of 3rd and 4th grade students’, and their behavioral and emotional engagement toward French activities. Then, it tries to verify whether the level of closeness or conflict in the student-teacher relationship acts as a protective or aggravating factor regarding the school engagement of oppositional students. Finally, the current study is interested in the differential effect of the student-teacher relationship on the school engagement of boys and girls. Hierarchical linear regressions were conducted on a sample of 385 students from Quebec in order to reach the study’s objectives. Findings reveal that closeness does not act as a protective factor for the behavioral engagement of oppositional students, but that it is beneficial for girls’ behavioral engagement. Results also confirm that conflict is an aggravating factor for the behavioral engagement of oppositional students. Finally, this study indicates that student-teacher conflict is harmful for boys’ emotional engagement. Implications of these findings for research and for intervention will be discussed.

No description available.

O objetivo geral desta dissertação foi investigar o efeito de fatores da família e da escola sobre as habilidades sociais e os comportamentos agressivos entre pares na infância. Foram realizados um estudo teórico e três estudos empíricos. O estudo teórico consistiu numa revisão não sistemática da literatura que demonstrou o papel da qualidade dos relacionamentos pais-criança e professor-aluno e do clima escolar sobre o desenvolvimento socioemocional na infância. O segundo estudo apresentou os procedimentos de adaptação e validação da Escala de Relacionamento Professor-Aluno (ERPA) para o contexto brasileiro. Os resultados da Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) confirmaram a estrutura bifatorial do instrumento original. Análises de validade convergente apresentaram resultados satisfatórios. O terceiro estudo apresentou os procedimentos de adaptação e validação do Questionário de Clima Escolar – Revisado, Versão para Ensino Fundamental – para o contexto brasileiro. Os resultados da ESEM apresentaram índices de ajuste satisfatórios para o modelo de seis fatores. Porém, foram sugeridas modificações na composição de quatro fatores (justiça, ordem e disciplina, envolvimento dos pais, relacionamento entre os estudantes). O QCE-EF apresentou também evidências de validade externa. As versões adaptadas da ERPA e do QCE-EF demonstraram ser medidas úteis para a avaliação de fatores da escola no contexto brasileiro. Por fim, o quarto estudo testou modelos de equações estruturais acerca do efeito independente e interativo da qualidade do relacionamento pais-criança e de fatores da escola sobre as habilidades sociais e os comportamentos agressivos entre pares. A percepção dos estudantes acerca da qualidade do clima escolar teve maior efeito sobre os seus comportamentos na escola, superando o efeito da qualidade dos relacionamentos adultocriança, mensurados pela percepção de pais e professoras. Os resultados enfatizaram a importância do contexto escolar para o desenvolvimento socioemocional na infância, destacando a necessidade de investigações que utilizem as crianças como fontes de informação. / The main objective of this thesis was to investigate the effect of family and school factors on the social skills and peer aggressive behavior in childhood. Theoretical and empirical studies were conducted. The theoretical study was a non-systematic review of the literature. It showed the role of parent-child and student-teacher relationships and school climate on socioemotional development in childhood. The second study showed the procedures for adaptation and validation of the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS) for the Brazilian context. Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) confirmed the factorial structure of the original instrument. Analysis of convergent validity showed satisfactory results. The third study showed the procedures for adaptation and validation of the School Climate Survey – Revised, Elementary and Middle School Version (SCS-MS) – for the Brazilian context. ESEM provided satisfactory indices of fit for the model of six factors. However, the factors justice, order and discipline, parental involvement and relationships between students were modified. SCS-MS demonstrated evidence of external validity. Adapted version of the STRS and SCS-MS proved to be useful measures for assessing school factors in the Brazilian context. Finally, fourth study tested structural equation models on the independent and interactive effects of the quality of parent-child relationships and school factors on social skills and peer aggressive behavior. The students' perceptions about the quality of school climate had a greater effect on their behavior in school, overcoming the effect of the quality of adult-child relationships, measured by parents and teachers perception. The results emphasized the importance of school context for socioemotional development in childhood, highlighting the need for studies that use children as sources of information.

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-12T14:37:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Favaretto_Danilo_2017.pdf: 1848608 bytes, checksum: a36547f84ac433882333fd4782e39f7b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-12T14:37:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Favaretto_Danilo_2017.pdf: 1848608 bytes, checksum: a36547f84ac433882333fd4782e39f7b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-12T14:37:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Favaretto_Danilo_2017.pdf: 1848608 bytes, checksum: a36547f84ac433882333fd4782e39f7b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T14:37:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Favaretto_Danilo_2017.pdf: 1848608 bytes, checksum: a36547f84ac433882333fd4782e39f7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The main objective of this work was the elaboration and application of a board game involving physical concepts related to the daily life of the students. The research here points out the importance of using ludic activities to improve students' learning and the exploration of the ability of argumentation, which would not usually be attempt in a traditional classroom. The elaborated product was applied in two classes of the 3rd year of the Secondary School of a private school in the city of Sorocaba. The proposed activity promoted the discussion of physical concepts, associated with group work. It was observed that the interaction between the students and the dialogue were frequent in the classroom when using this methodology, which provided an increase in the interest of the students to learning Physics. Besides that, the more frequent dialogue improved the student-student and student-teacher relations. It is important to emphasize the importance of the interaction between the students in the discussions of the physical concepts and in the construction of the relations between these concepts and their daily activities. In addition to the greater interest of the students in the discipline of Physics, it was possible to observe the development of a critical posture, which has favored the learning in the classroom. / Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo a elaboração e aplicação de um jogo de tabuleiro envolvendo conceitos físicos relacionados ao cotidiano dos estudantes. A pesquisa aqui retrata a importância do emprego do lúdico para melhorar a aprendizagem dos alunos e da exploração da habilidade de argumentação, que não seria normalmente contemplada em uma aula tradicional. O produto elaborado foi aplicado em duas turmas do 3º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola particular da cidade de Sorocaba. A atividade proposta promoveu a discussão de conceitos físicos, associada ao trabalho em grupo. Observou-se que a interação entre os alunos e o diálogo foi frequente em sala de aula na utilização desta metodologia, a qual proporcionou um aumento no interesse dos estudantes em aprender Física e melhora nas relações aluno-aluno e aluno-professor. Cabe destacar a importância da interação entre os alunos nas discussões dos conceitos físicos e na construção das relações entre esses conceitos e suas atividades diárias. Além do maior interesse dos estudantes na disciplina de Física, foi possível observar o desenvolvimento de uma postura crítica, vivenciada pelos diálogos, o que tem favorecido a aprendizagem em sala de aula.