Q-methodology was used alongside semi-structured interviews with primary school teachers to explore their positions on two key areas of education ideology: inclusive schools and standards in education. The study explored in depth the views of 26 teachers in 6 schools, selected through purposive sampling to give a range of individual and institutional demographics. Key statements were compiled from the literature that offered a wide spectrum of personal and professional positions on the two issues of standards and inclusion in education. These statements were produced as sets of cards for participants to arrange in order of strength of agreement or disagreement. The results were factor-analysed via Q-method software to render visible factors of items that had statistical significance for the participants (Brown 1997). These factors were then interpreted in the light of subsequent semi-structured interviews and returned to the participants for discussion. The study found that teachers developed their own ‘practical’ notion of inclusion, in which specialist systems, such as p-scales, are needed for the inclusion of children with Special Educational Needs (SEN). These teachers held contrasting views on whether they felt constraints or experienced flexibility when implementing the strict standards objectives. Crucially, in considering the agendas simultaneously, these teachers suggested that the practical implementation of the inclusion and standards agendas is as disparate as their objectives. The agendas are seen as separate entities, with standards assuming an apparent dominance, ensuring that the inclusion agenda is implemented within a standards driven system.

The aim of my study is to see how teachers in the early primary school are working to teach all their pupils based on how different ethnicities, cultures and multilingual differences reflect on their work places – the classrooms. I've also contacted the county, were the schools are located in, so I could see what system they are using and how it affects the society. The Swedish society is influenced by different cultures, multilingualism and ethnicities the more time passes, which means that teachers all around need to integrate their pupils in the system so they can better adjust to how the Swedish school system works and be prepared for adult life. Teachers need to concentrate intensely on how they should guide the pupils in their specific class so they can reach their full learning potential and reach the knowledge criteria set by the Swedish school system. I contacted the board of education and to set up a meeting so we could discuss my project. During the meeting I asked the representative how they believe this matter should be handled. After the meeting with the board of education I’ve contacted several teachers in the area. Four teachers participated and contributed information for this study.   The result of my study is that the teachers I’ve been in contact with have pupils that often speak more than one language and the hardest job is to guide them to become viable society citizens in Sweden and still have their culture, language and ethnicities with them.

Depuis les années 70, l’introduction de l’informatique et d’Internet dans la formation des enseignants et dans les programmes du Primaire n’a eu de cesse de générer des questionnements, des craintes et des espoirs. Parallèlement, le recrutement et la formation des enseignants du Primaire n’ont aussi cessé d’être débattus.Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous avons voulu comprendre la professionnalisation du métier d’enseignant en comparant les représentations de l’informatique et du métier d’enseignant au Primaire d’un groupe en formation (futurs professeurs des écoles, PE) et d’un groupe professionnel (enseignants en poste). Nous avons aussi opérationnalisé l’hypothèse de polyphasie cognitive (Moscovici, 1961) en étudiant, pour un même groupe, la représentation de l’informatique dans le contexte de la vie privée et dans le contexte de la vie professionnelle. Les résultats obtenus par questionnaire montrent, tant au niveau structural qu’au niveau du champ structuré, des différences entre les réponses de 175 futurs PE et celles de 245 enseignants sur l’informatique à l’école. Dans le cadre de leur vie privée, il y a beaucoup moins de différences notables entre leurs réponses. Concernant la représentation du métier, les quelques différences repérées sont expliquées à travers l’expérience et le professionnalisme.Cette recherche participe donc à la compréhension des processus de professionnalisation sous la composante représentationnelle. Elle confirme, par ailleurs, la nécessité de préciser le contexte d’évocation dans des recherches sur les représentations sociales. / Since the 70s, introduction of ICT and Internet in the teachers if training and on curriculum of Primary school has continued to generate questions, fears and hope. In parallel, recruitment and training of Primary school teachers have also been permanently debated.Within the context of this research, we wanted to understand professionalization of teacher profession by comparing ICT representations and teacher profession representations in a training group (future teachers) and in a professional one (teachers in post). We also operationalized the hypothesis of cognitive polyphasia (Moscovici, 1961) by studying, for same group, ICT’ representation in the context of private life and in the context of professional life.The questionnaire results show, both at structural level and at structured field, differences between answers of 175 future teachers and of 245 teachers on ICT at school. As part of their private life, there are far fewer strong differences between their answers. Concerning the representation of profession, some spotted differences are explained through experience and professionalism. This research participates therefore in the understanding of professionalization processes under representational component. It confirms, moreover, the necessity to specify context of evocation in researches on social representations.