Thesis (Ed. D.)--Lehigh University, 2004. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-121).

Blended learning is the fastest-growing modality in North America and much of the world. However, research and training in blended learning is far outpaced by its usage. To remedy this gap, we developed a competency framework and self-survey instrument to help teachers and researchers evaluate teacher readiness for blended environments. The purpose of this research is to prove that the model and accompanying survey instrument are reliable for use with teacher candidates both before and after going through a blended teaching course. To accomplish this, we sent out a survey instrument to 326 teacher candidates studying in a blended teaching course at a university in the western United States. The teachers took the survey at the beginning of class, and then once again, three months later. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we determined that the pre-class survey results fell within the range of the four fit statistics cutoffs (RMSEA=.056, CFI=.906, TLI=0.900, SRMR=.04). And with slight modification, the post-class survey results did as well (RMSEA=.052, CFI=.914, TLI=.907, and SRMR .058). We also showed that the factor loadings and communalities were statistically significant. By testing the factors in this way, we make a case for the survey to be a valid and reliable instrument in assessing teacher competency, and make a case for thinking of blended teaching competencies in terms of our model. We then tested for measurement invariance, but were unsuccessful in making a case for it. The results of our findings provide teacher educators, teacher candidates, and researchers a new pedagogically-oriented framework and scientifically validated self-survey to use in order to improve and personalize teacher education and professional development for blended settings.

The problem was that teaching competencies had been developed but these competencies had not been tested to determine if different competencies were needed for business teachers of skill and basic business subjects. The purpose was to determine teaching competencies which are important to and utilized by selected Utah high school business teachers. The major hypothesis tested was that there would be no differences between the comparative responses of selected teachers when analyzing the importance and frequency of use of items in the fourteen teaching skill areas as related to basic business and skill subjects. The population involved in the study consisted of high school business education teachers in Utah who taught in grade levels 10, II, and 12. Two questionnaires were used for the study. Teaching Questionnaire was designed to gather information regarding the teaching of shorthand and transcription, typewriting, off ice machines, office practice, and notehand. Teaching Questionnaire II was designed to gather information regarding the teaching of accounting, economics, business law, taxes, credit, and business organization. The null hypothesis was tested by the "t" test. The Pearson product-moment correlation was used to measure the relationship between the responses of the selected teachers to each statement on Teaching Questionnaire I and Teaching Questionnaire II. The .05 level of significance was the criterion for rejecting or failing to reject the null hypothesis. A critical value of .344 which represented the .05 level of significance for the Pearson (r), was used to determine significant correlations. The following findings were reported: The following competency statements were found to have a significant difference favoring the teaching methodology of basic business classes: Involve students in large and small group work; use field trips, guest speakers and special materials as instructional tools, contract for grades; and use wall charts, flow charts, and unit outlines to clarify student perceptions. The following competency statements were found to have a significant difference favoring the teaching methodology of skill classes: Use the student's interests as a means of helping the student develop self-growth; use repetition of learning concepts; encourage students to participate in extracurricular activities as they pertain to the course work; use positive reinforcement in class activities. Additional findings may be found in the dissertation. The major recommendations were: 1. The following competencies shou ld be particularly empha s ized in methods classes for pre-service and in-service teachers of basic business classes: involve students in small and large group work; coordinate field trips and establish a reference list of guest speakers and special materials; prepare wall charts, flow charts, and unit outlines; and formulate a philosophy and plan for contracting for grades. 2. The following competencies should be particularly emphasized in methods classes for pre-service and in-service teachers of skill classes: recognize, record, and utilize student interests as a means of student self-growth; use repetition as a means of l earning concepts; involve students in Future Business Leaders of America or Office Education Association clubs (implement a club if none exist) and relate those club activities to courses of study; understand the concepts of positive reinforcement, behavior modification techniques, and how these activities can be utilized in the class room. 3. Pre-service business education students should be required to teach basic business as well as skill subjects during their student teaching experience or practicum.

This dissertation has been written in a three-article journal-ready format and centers on competencies for blended teaching in higher education. I use the PRISMA process and thematic coding to analyze 34 articles from 2002 to 2022, highlighting strategic combination, learner-centered approaches, and additional support. I also use the Google Search API and content analysis to suggest that blended, digital, and flexible may be post-secondary institutions' most frequently used terminology to describe contexts incorporating online and in-person components. I also gather qualitative data from interviews with faculty to highlight the context and nuances surrounding blended teaching competencies, including creative innovation, technology skills, flexibility, strategic planning, and engagement creation. This work aims to clarify the trending terms, contexts, and nuances of teaching competencies for blended courses in higher education. It may help researchers and practitioners understand these concepts as evolving from specialized blended teaching competencies to potentially becoming more mainstream teaching competencies.

The major purpose of this study was to determine what differences exist among groups of social studies student-teachers, instructors, and administrators in eight teachers colleges in Northern Thailand regarding their perceptions of the importance of selected social studies teaching competencies.

Neste trabalho analisamos, a partir de uma parceria entre a Universidade e uma Escola Municipal de Educação Fundamental da periferia da cidade de São Paulo e da formação continuada de professores e professoras propiciada por esta parceria, quais competências estavam presentes e/ou sendo construídas durante a formação ou ainda no exercício profissional destes docentes. Partimos do princípio de que estes professores estavam realizando uma prática exitosa, a partir de analises anteriores. A pesquisa aqui apresentada é,do tipo qualitativa, e foi baseada em três formas de dados: as reuniões realizadas entre a Universidade e o grupo de docentes; uma entrevista com uma das docentes, buscando entender aspectos da sua história de formação; e, as interações realizadas na sala de aula desta docente. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica, sobre competências e também de pesquisas sobre competências, delimitamos algumas categorias de análise, que nos auxiliaram a evidenciar indícios da construção e/ou presença de alguns tipos competências. Notamos que os docentes construíram conhecimentos metodológicos e conceituais relacionados ao campo de conhecimento das Ciências, disciplina que em geral é pouco trabalhada nas séries iniciais do fundamental, e que o espaço para esta construção foi fundamental para que os mesmos revelassem suas inseguranças e dúvidas para poderem trabalhar com a disciplina. Observamos ainda, que a articulação ou mobilização de diversas competências se ratificou como um fator fundamental na prática docente, evidenciando assim a relação entre o êxito docente à capacidade de mobilizar diversas competências, envolvendo: o planejamento de aulas; a busca por uma formação contínua; uma prática que levasse em conta metodologias e elementos próprios da área de conhecimento trabalhada e aspectos éticos do ensino; e, até mesmo as relações sociais que são estabelecidas dentro do ambiente escolar e se refletiam na prática em sala de aula. Notamos que estas relações não ocorrem de maneira separada no ambiente escolar, mas que a articulação das diversas competências observadas, de maneira complexa e não determinística, são essenciais para uma boa prática. / In the present study, we performed an analysis to determine which competencies were present and/or under construction during the education or in the course of the professional activities of teachers who received continuous education as a result of a partnership between the University and a basic education school in the outskirts of São Paulo. Based on previous analyses, we assumed that their practice was successful. Our research was qualitative and based on three types of data: the meetings between the University and the group of teachers, an interview with one female teacher aimed to collect information on her education background and finally the way this teacher interacts in the class. Through bibliographic review and research on the competencies, we delimited some analysis categories, which helped us show evidence of the construction and/or the presence of some types of competencies. We found that the teachers built methodological and conceptual knowledge on Science, a discipline that should be better taught in the early years of schooling. Also, providing a suitable environment for the creation of these competencies was essential to stimulate the teachers to reveal their insecurities and doubts regarding the teaching of Science. Moreover, we found that the organization or mobilization of several competencies is a key factor in the teaching practice, demonstrating the relationship between successful teaching and the ability to mobilize several competencies, which involves: lesson planning, search for continuous education, a teaching practice that takes into consideration methodologies and elements used in the specific area of concern and ethical aspects of education, and finally the social relations that are established within the school environment and reflected in classroom practice. We concluded that these relations do not occur in isolation in the school environment and that the organization of the several identified competencies, in a complex and non-deterministic way, is essential for a good teaching practice.

Neste trabalho analisamos, a partir de uma parceria entre a Universidade e uma Escola Municipal de Educação Fundamental da periferia da cidade de São Paulo e da formação continuada de professores e professoras propiciada por esta parceria, quais competências estavam presentes e/ou sendo construídas durante a formação ou ainda no exercício profissional destes docentes. Partimos do princípio de que estes professores estavam realizando uma prática exitosa, a partir de analises anteriores. A pesquisa aqui apresentada é,do tipo qualitativa, e foi baseada em três formas de dados: as reuniões realizadas entre a Universidade e o grupo de docentes; uma entrevista com uma das docentes, buscando entender aspectos da sua história de formação; e, as interações realizadas na sala de aula desta docente. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica, sobre competências e também de pesquisas sobre competências, delimitamos algumas categorias de análise, que nos auxiliaram a evidenciar indícios da construção e/ou presença de alguns tipos competências. Notamos que os docentes construíram conhecimentos metodológicos e conceituais relacionados ao campo de conhecimento das Ciências, disciplina que em geral é pouco trabalhada nas séries iniciais do fundamental, e que o espaço para esta construção foi fundamental para que os mesmos revelassem suas inseguranças e dúvidas para poderem trabalhar com a disciplina. Observamos ainda, que a articulação ou mobilização de diversas competências se ratificou como um fator fundamental na prática docente, evidenciando assim a relação entre o êxito docente à capacidade de mobilizar diversas competências, envolvendo: o planejamento de aulas; a busca por uma formação contínua; uma prática que levasse em conta metodologias e elementos próprios da área de conhecimento trabalhada e aspectos éticos do ensino; e, até mesmo as relações sociais que são estabelecidas dentro do ambiente escolar e se refletiam na prática em sala de aula. Notamos que estas relações não ocorrem de maneira separada no ambiente escolar, mas que a articulação das diversas competências observadas, de maneira complexa e não determinística, são essenciais para uma boa prática. / In the present study, we performed an analysis to determine which competencies were present and/or under construction during the education or in the course of the professional activities of teachers who received continuous education as a result of a partnership between the University and a basic education school in the outskirts of São Paulo. Based on previous analyses, we assumed that their practice was successful. Our research was qualitative and based on three types of data: the meetings between the University and the group of teachers, an interview with one female teacher aimed to collect information on her education background and finally the way this teacher interacts in the class. Through bibliographic review and research on the competencies, we delimited some analysis categories, which helped us show evidence of the construction and/or the presence of some types of competencies. We found that the teachers built methodological and conceptual knowledge on Science, a discipline that should be better taught in the early years of schooling. Also, providing a suitable environment for the creation of these competencies was essential to stimulate the teachers to reveal their insecurities and doubts regarding the teaching of Science. Moreover, we found that the organization or mobilization of several competencies is a key factor in the teaching practice, demonstrating the relationship between successful teaching and the ability to mobilize several competencies, which involves: lesson planning, search for continuous education, a teaching practice that takes into consideration methodologies and elements used in the specific area of concern and ethical aspects of education, and finally the social relations that are established within the school environment and reflected in classroom practice. We concluded that these relations do not occur in isolation in the school environment and that the organization of the several identified competencies, in a complex and non-deterministic way, is essential for a good teaching practice.

The purpose of this study was to characterize a methodological framework for preparing science educators to implement design-based engineering practices to intentionally teach targeted science content. Using a modified Delphi the study looked to answer the following research questions (RQs): RQ1: How should teacher educators prepare K-12 pre-service science teachers to define engineering problems as one of eight NGSS practices all students should acquire through science education?, RQ2: How should teacher educators prepare K-12 pre-service science teachers to design engineering solutions as one of eight NGSS practices all students should acquire through science education? and , RQ3: How should teacher educators prepare K-12 pre-service science teachers to intentionally teach targeted science content using their newly acquired abilities to define engineering problems and design engineering solutions? During Round 1 a panel of 20 (8 science and 12 technology) education experts responded to 5 open-ended questions that focused on identifying the competencies and instructional strategies used to prepare K-12 pre-service science teachers to intently teach science using engineering design. Each question resulted in identifying approximately 50 themes per question. These themes were then used to construct the Round 2 Questionnaire. During Round 2 panelists reached agreement on 283 characteristics of a framework for preparing future science educators. In Round 3, panelists were sent 87 contested Round 2 items. Results of the Round 3 data analysis indicted an additional 31 framework characteristics. The results of this study identify the essential characteristics of a methodological framework that can serve to prepare science educators on the implementation of design-based engineering practices that intentionally teach targeted science content. / Ph. D. / The purpose of this study was to characterize a methodological framework for preparing science educators to implement design-based engineering practices to <i>intentionally</i> teach targeted science content. The rationale for this research was the <i>Next Generation Science Standards</i> necessitate science use engineering practices to teach K-12 science content. According to the National Research Council the implementation of engineering practices will take shape in the form of engineering design. To date science education has focused primarily on defining the content of science education at the expense of its application (NRC, 2013, p.2). Furthermore, studies have shown professional development continues to prepare science teacher in the use of scientific inquiry. This study utilized a modified Delphi and focused on answering the question of how teacher educators should prepare pre-service K-12 science teachers to teach the practice of engineering design to intentionally teach targeted science content. The results of this study identify the essential characteristics of a methodological framework that can serve to prepare science educators on the implementation of design-based engineering practices that <i>intentionally</i> teach targeted science content.

Karlova Univerzita Pedagogická fakulta Katedra výtvarné výchovy ved. práce: PaedDr. Hazuková Helena Vypracovala: Picmausová Daniela, 5 KS Abstrakt v Aj: Thesis should contribute to the development of teaching competence of teachers at elementary school. Specifically, it could be a guide in planning of teaching of art design education in the form of integrated learning units, since it contains methods and activities which are needed to develop a creativity and expression. This thesis uses a potential of other teaching subjects which develop creativity and expressiveness-dramatic education, musical and literary education. Through this thesis the author would like to help both teachers-beginners as well as educators with a longer teaching practice, who would like to modify their up-to-now method of teaching of Art education.

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