Despite sound policy and educative reasons for its adoption, the use of Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) (Bunker and Thorpe, 1982, 1986b) amongst Physical Education (PE) teachers remains limited. Previous research has indicated that PE (student) teachers’ past and current experiences influence their interpretation and application of this instructional model. The purposes of this interpretative case study therefore were to (a) examine how PE teachers not formally educated in its use interpreted and delivered TGfU using net games and (b) identify the factors that led to their interpretation and delivery of this model. The participants were three purposefully selected teachers from a Sports Academy in the West Midlands, United Kingdom (UK). Data were collected through formal, stimulated-recall and informal interviews, lesson observation field notes, teacher reflective journals and lesson planners. The theoretical framework used to guide data collection and analysis was occupational socialization¹ (Lawson, 1983a, b). The data was inductively analysed teacher by teacher and then by cross-case analysis (Lincoln and Guba, 1985). Findings showed that the teachers demonstrated differing versions of TGfU based around teaching tactics, techniques and use of social constructivist learning strategies. Themes that influenced the teachers’ interpretations and use of TGfU individually and/or collectively were their knowledge of games; the capabilities and behaviour of their pupils and the influence of past and present colleagues. The original contribution to knowledge of this thesis is that the workplace appears incapable of encouraging the full version of the model to be utilised by teachers not previously educated in its use in the UK, irrespective of the relative simplicity of the game taught and the time frame. It is recommended that teachers receive Continuous Professional Development (CPD) to develop their understanding of the tactical problem-solving nature of games; ensure they have sufficient content knowledge and be able to implement the underpinning learning theory effectively.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o desempenho tático em jogos reduzidos de futsal. De acordo com as metodologias contemporâneas de ensino das modalidades esportivas coletivas (MEC´s), a ação é colocada no centro do processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos jogos. Lança-se mão, então, de atividades de ensino e treinamento que preservem os problemas do jogo formal (JF), ou seja, os chamados jogos reduzidos (JR´s). Procedente do termo em inglês small-sided games (SSG) este instrumento consiste na aplicação de atividades que preservam a dimensão relacional e situacional da execução motora, isto é, os processos envolvidos na percepção, análise e tomada de decisão constituintes da ação tática (MAHLO, 1974). No lugar das repetições de movimentos, treinos exclusivamente técnicos e séries de exercícios surgem os jogos reduzidos, cuja denominação equivale a dos jogos menores, jogos modificados ou mini-jogos. Estes são considerados importantes ferramentas de trabalho dos professores e treinadores esportivos, pois permitem que determinados comportamentos desejados sejam exercitados e (re) significados pelos praticantes, independentemente do nível de jogo. Os adeptos desta perspectiva de ensino defendem que a implementação de atividades dessa natureza estimularia a formação de jogadores autônomos, inteligentes e criativos. De qualquer forma, para que os JR´s tenham eficácia no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, devem-se conhecer a fundo quais alterações do JF podem ser promovidas, bem como quais são os impactos dessas mudanças sobre as ações dos jogadores. A partir, então, de conceitos tático-estratégicos elementares extraídos de um modelo de jogo do futsal, foram elaborados e aplicados diferentes JR´s para grupos de alunos, praticantes da modalidade. Foi possível indicar como se comportaram taticamente os jogadores nas diferentes situações sugeridas, indicando quais as implicações práticas das alterações propostas em cada jogo. Para a análise das ações, de forma original, criou-se uma ferramenta de avaliação do desempenho tático que pode ser utilizada tanto em situação de jogo reduzido (JR), quanto de jogo formal (JF). A amostra foi composta por 59 alunos, com idade entre 10 e 12 anos, integrantes de cursos extracurriculares de futsal de escolas particulares de São Paulo. Os alunos foram divididos em 7 grupos de prática e participaram de sessões de treinamento com as seguintes atividades: 2x1 em meia-quadra (sendo dois formatos diferentes, a e b), 2x2 em meia-quadra, 4x2 em quadra inteira e 3x3 em quadra inteira. Os resultados indicam que as variáveis de desempenho tático, representadas pelas ações dos jogadores, apresentaram diferenças quanto às densidades e qualidades de acordo com os JR´s propostos. Basicamente, as manipulações dos regulamentos dos jogos facilitaram, induziram ou obrigaram a ocorrência de determinadas ações, como os duelos de 1x1, as finalizações, o direcionamento para o rebote, a criação de linha de passe, entre outros. Entende-se, assim, que seja possível conhecer e manipular, de forma intencional, as alterações do JF, permitindo que os jogadores exercitem determinados problemas do jogo elencados a priori / The present study investigated the tactical performance in small-sided games. According to the contemporary methodologies of teaching Team Sports (TS), the action is placed at the center of the teaching-learning process of the games. Therefore, teaching and training activities that preserve the problems of the game take place, by the name small-sided games (SSG). This instrument consists of the application of activities that preserve the relational and situational dimension of the motor execution, considering the processes involved in the perception, analysis and decision making as constituent of the \"tactical action\" (MAHLO, 1974). In place of exclusively technical training and series of exercises, appear the small-sided games, which denomination is equivalent to smaller games, modified games or mini-games. These are considered important tools for teachers and sports coaches as they allow certain desired behaviors to be exercised and (re) signified by players, regardless of the level of play. The adherents of this teaching perspective argue that the implementation of activities of this nature would stimulate the formation of autonomous, intelligent and creative players. However, in order for SSG to be effective in the teaching-learning process, it is necessary to know more deeply which changes of the game can be promoted, as well as what are the impacts of these changes on players actions. Starting from elementary concepts drawn from a futsal game model, different SSG were developed and applied to groups of students. It was possible to identify the tactical performance of the players in each different situation, indicating the practical implications of changed rules. For the analysis of the player´s actions, an original tactical performance evaluation tool was created that can be used in both SSG and official game situations. The sample consisted of 59 students, aged between 10 and 12 years, members of extracurricular courses of futsal of private schools of São Paulo. The students were divided into 7 groups and participated in training sessions with the following activities: 2x1 in half-field (two different set-ups, a and b), 2x2 in half-field, 4x2 in a whole field and 3x3 in a whole field. The results indicate that the variables of tactical performance, represented by the actions of the players, presented differences of densities and qualities according to the proposed SSG. Basically, manipulations of the game facilitated, induced or required the occurrence of certain actions, such as 1x1 duels, finalizations, targeting for rebound, creation of pass lines, among others. It is deduced, therefore, that it is possible to know and manipulate intentionally the changes of the games, allowing that the students/players exercise certain problems of the game chosen before

presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos de um programa de ensino de futsal, baseado em uma perspectiva tática do jogo, sobre o desempenho tático. Nessa perspectiva, a ação tática é colocada no centro do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e a atividade de ensino central são os exercícios táticos, contextualizados o mais próximo possível da situação real de jogo. Os alunos são incentivados a tomarem decisões e a refletirem sobre as ações em relação aos problemas que emergem no contexto (confronto) de jogo. Os adeptos dessa perspectiva de ensino defendem que, assim, estimulariam a formação de alunos/jogadores inteligentes e criativos. Para auxiliar a construção do programa foi elaborado um modelo do jogo de futsal. A construção da representação ocorreu a partir de um diálogo entre uma concepção empírica da modalidade, construída por treinadores experientes, e concepções de Modalidades Esportivas Coletivas existentes na literatura. Optou-se por um recorte sistêmico do fenômeno com o intuito de superar a perspectiva tecnicista, em que a ação no jogo é vista como a justaposição de gestos técnicos, e realçar a importância da tomada de decisão. Após a construção do modelo e a avaliação do desempenho tático dos selecionados a participar do estudo, partiu-se para construção do programa a ser investigado. Participaram do estudo oito alunos, com idade entre sete e oito anos, integrantes de um curso-extracurricular de futsal de uma escola particular de São Paulo. O programa teve duração de oito semanas, sendo realizadas duas aulas de uma hora por semana, totalizando 16 aulas. Os dados indicaram uma melhora significante no desempenho tático dos participantes após 16 sessões de treinamento. A despeito de o programa ter sido aplicado em apenas uma amostra (com características peculiares) com número reduzido de participantes, tais evidências contribuem para o avanço nas discussões sobre perspectiva tática e respectivas estratégias de ensino, assim como para o fortalecimento da modelação do jogo construída / The objective of the current research was to investigate the impacts of a futsal unit, based on a tactical approach, on tactical performance. Under this approach, tactic is considered the center of teaching-learning process, and the main activities are tactical exercises. Pupils are stimulated to take part in the decisions and reflect on their actions related to problems that emerge from the game. The adepts of this approach defend that, thereby, pupils would become more intelligent and creative players. In order to support the unit design, a model of the futsal game was created. The representation was made throughout discussions among experienced coaches. A systemic approach was used in order to overcome a technical perspective, in which the action in a game is seen as a mere juxtaposition of technical gestures, and emphasize the importance of decision-making. After the creation of the model and pupils assessment, the unit was designed. Eight 7 to 8 year-old pupils, members of an extra-curricular activity in a private school, took part in the research. The unit was composed by 16 lessons (2 lessons a week) of one hour each. Results demonstrated that tactical performance has improved significantly after 16 lessons. In despite of the reduced number of participants, these evidences contribute to the progress of the teaching-learning process of futsal, as well as to fortify the model of the game created

presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos de um programa de ensino de futsal, baseado em uma perspectiva tática do jogo, sobre o desempenho tático. Nessa perspectiva, a ação tática é colocada no centro do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e a atividade de ensino central são os exercícios táticos, contextualizados o mais próximo possível da situação real de jogo. Os alunos são incentivados a tomarem decisões e a refletirem sobre as ações em relação aos problemas que emergem no contexto (confronto) de jogo. Os adeptos dessa perspectiva de ensino defendem que, assim, estimulariam a formação de alunos/jogadores inteligentes e criativos. Para auxiliar a construção do programa foi elaborado um modelo do jogo de futsal. A construção da representação ocorreu a partir de um diálogo entre uma concepção empírica da modalidade, construída por treinadores experientes, e concepções de Modalidades Esportivas Coletivas existentes na literatura. Optou-se por um recorte sistêmico do fenômeno com o intuito de superar a perspectiva tecnicista, em que a ação no jogo é vista como a justaposição de gestos técnicos, e realçar a importância da tomada de decisão. Após a construção do modelo e a avaliação do desempenho tático dos selecionados a participar do estudo, partiu-se para construção do programa a ser investigado. Participaram do estudo oito alunos, com idade entre sete e oito anos, integrantes de um curso-extracurricular de futsal de uma escola particular de São Paulo. O programa teve duração de oito semanas, sendo realizadas duas aulas de uma hora por semana, totalizando 16 aulas. Os dados indicaram uma melhora significante no desempenho tático dos participantes após 16 sessões de treinamento. A despeito de o programa ter sido aplicado em apenas uma amostra (com características peculiares) com número reduzido de participantes, tais evidências contribuem para o avanço nas discussões sobre perspectiva tática e respectivas estratégias de ensino, assim como para o fortalecimento da modelação do jogo construída / The objective of the current research was to investigate the impacts of a futsal unit, based on a tactical approach, on tactical performance. Under this approach, tactic is considered the center of teaching-learning process, and the main activities are tactical exercises. Pupils are stimulated to take part in the decisions and reflect on their actions related to problems that emerge from the game. The adepts of this approach defend that, thereby, pupils would become more intelligent and creative players. In order to support the unit design, a model of the futsal game was created. The representation was made throughout discussions among experienced coaches. A systemic approach was used in order to overcome a technical perspective, in which the action in a game is seen as a mere juxtaposition of technical gestures, and emphasize the importance of decision-making. After the creation of the model and pupils assessment, the unit was designed. Eight 7 to 8 year-old pupils, members of an extra-curricular activity in a private school, took part in the research. The unit was composed by 16 lessons (2 lessons a week) of one hour each. Results demonstrated that tactical performance has improved significantly after 16 lessons. In despite of the reduced number of participants, these evidences contribute to the progress of the teaching-learning process of futsal, as well as to fortify the model of the game created

The purpose of this study is to provide a more reflective climate for the teaching of games in Hong Kong and if appropriate, to start the process of introducing a different teaching approach. The current climate of games teaching in Hong Kong was evidenced by the review of the P. E. syllabus, the feedback collected from the P. E. lecturers, national governing bodies and P. E. teachers who are in favour of the traditional approach. Interestingly, 47 out of 155 teachers (30.4%) found difficulty with the existing teaching approach. A pilot study and two workshops provided encouraging results to pave the road for the main and second trial teachings. To suit the culture in Hong Kong, the modified cognitive approach was adopted in the main trial teaching and then followed by the cognitive approach (teaching games for understanding) in the second trial teaching. Two groups of 8 experienced and inexperienced P. E. teachers (4 male and 4 female) were invited to teach Basketball and Volleyball to 420 students in two trials of teaching. Two sets of questionnaires were distributed to study the affective aspects of the teachers and students after each approach. A follow-up interview was designed to study teachers' changes one year after the workshop. For the teachers' responses in the Basketball group, significant results indicated that the teachers (t value 3.29 p<0.05) gained more enjoyment with the modified cognitive approach. The results in the follow-up interview indicated that they had different changesin fluencedb y the new approach.F or the students' responses of the Basketball and Volleyball groups, significant result showed that the boys obtained more enjoyment with the modified cognitive approach taught by the male teachers than the girls taught by the female teachers. No significant difference was found in the Basketball group but in the Volleyball group, the students were more enjoyable with the modified cognitive approach taught by the experienced teachers. The findings imply that since both the teachers and students felt comfortable and enjoyed teaching games with the understanding approach, it is an appropriate time to introduce it to Hong Kong.

The Tactical Games Model (TGM) is an instructional model in which the primary assumption is to facilitate students' tactical understanding of games (i.e., response-selection and execution processes). Additionally, there is speculation that tactical understanding of one game transfers to other tactically similar games (Mitchell, Oslin & Griffin, 2006, p. 20). Limited research has been conducted regarding student response selection processes, problem representations, knowledge base development, or transfer of learning in this model. Griffin and Patton (2005) called for examination of TGM through an information processing lens. Examining action, condition, and goal responses of novice physical education students could provide significant insight to students' improved game performance. Also, examining students' engagement in particular tactical problems across diverse activities in a single game category could provide insight into how and which knowledge structures transfer. The purpose of this study was to examine fifth-grade students' tactical understanding and decision-making in a net/wall unit. A second purpose was to analyze the transfer of knowledge structures across the unit. Participants included an elementary school physical educator and purposively selected students (n=16; M=8, F=8) from a fifth-grade physical education class (N=50) at a suburban elementary school in the northeastern United States. Appropriate permission was obtained from the university's Institutional Review Board. The unit consisted of 20 lessons (50 minute classes). Select students remained in a cohort, participating with and against each other throughout the unit. Data was collected using multiple sources: (a) game performance (pre-post-unit), (b) situational knowledge quiz (pre-post-unit), (c) formal, semi-structured teacher interviews/written response to structured questions (pre-post-unit), (d) descriptive field notes, (e) video-taped and audio-taped teacher/student performances, (f) student think-aloud reports during the second game of each lesson (McPherson & Thomas, 1989), and (g) student focus group interviews (post-unit). Interviews were transcribed, open, axial, and selectively coded, then triangulated to develop categories. Situational quizzes, verbal recall data, and focus group interviews were micro-analyzed using a protocol analysis developed by McPherson and Thomas (1989) to examine action, condition, and goal orientations of students. Video taped game performances were analyzed using the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (Griffin, Mitchell, & Oslin, 1997). Results contribute to the empirical support for TGM, as well as contribute to what is known about knowledge structure development and transfer of learning for 5th grade novice games players.

Aim and research questions The over-all aim of this study was to gain insight info how two male coaches of a specific soccer team behave in a practice environment with regards to educating the players. More specifically, the study sought to map the extent to which said behaviour matched two specific methods of learning; these being Teaching Games for Understanding (TgfU) and Enhanced Guided Discovery (EGD). Research questions: (1) Do the coaches employ the methods and guidelines, which are outlined in the educational plan provided by the soccer association? If so, what form does this application take in practice? (2) To what extent and in what ways do the coaches utilize feedback and questioning techniques in the education of players? (3) What similarities and differences in behaviour can be identified between the chosen soccer team’s two coaches? Method: The data for the study was collected through field observation. The subjects were two youth elite soccer coaches and observation of these coaches took place during five regular practice sessions on the soccer field. All data gathering and analysis were carried out using a modified version of the Coach Analysis and Intervention System (CAIS). Apart from the twenty-one original coaching behaviours of the CAIS, this specific modification also included two training forms with related training activities. These training forms are called training form and playing form. Results: The analysis showed that they utilized the teaching methods, specifically the TGfU and EGD, both when planning and executing practice sessions. The most common kinds of feedback that were used were specific positive and general positive feedback. The coaches frequently relied on questioning as an educational technique during practice, with open questions being the most commonly used type. The observations revealed several similarities and some differences in behaviour between the coaches. Conclusion: The methods that the two coaches employ when training their players correspond to the methods laid out in TGfU and EGD. Both coaches rely heavily on questioning and feedback as behavioural techniques, with open questions and specific positive feedback being among their most common teaching behaviours. The study shows that the practical behaviour of the coaches is firmly based in theories of learning and long-term athletic development. In this way, the coaches have managed to create a learning environment that is successful over time. / Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med denna studie är att, genom observationer av en manlig huvudtränare och en manlig assisterande tränare för ett specifikt fotbollslag, samla kunskap om hur tränarna beter sig i träningsmiljö i avseende att ut-veckla sina spelare. Syftet är även mer specifikt att undersöka om, och i så fall hur tränarnas beteenden är kopplade till inlärningsmetoderna Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) och Enhanced Guided Discovery (EGD). Studiens frågeställningar var: (1) Arbetar fotbollstränarna med de metoder och riktlinjer för inlärning som står skrivet i föreningens spelarutbildningsplan? Hur arbetar de i så fall? (2) Hur arbetar dessa två fotbollstränare med feedback och frågeteknik till sina spelare? (3) Finns det någon/några likheter och/eller skillnader i beteende för de två fotbollstränarna för samma lag? Metod Metoden för att samla in data till denna studie var genom observationer. Deltagarna i studien bestod av två fotbollstränare på ungdomselitnivå (U17). Observationerna av tränarna skedde i deras träningsmiljö, på fotbollsplan under fem träningstillfällen. Observationsinstrumentet som användes i studien var en modifierad version av Coach Analysis and Intervention System (CAIS). Studiens observations-instrument innehåller 21 ursprungliga tränarbeteenden. Denna modifiering av CAIS innehåller även två träningsformer med tillhörande träningsaktiviteter. Dessa träningsformer är training form och playing form. Resultat Observationerna visade att tränarna använde sig av de två inlärningsmetoderna TGfU och EGD när de strukturerade sina träningar, samt när de agerade under träningarna. Vanligast förekommande feedback som användes var specifik positiv- och generell positiv feedback. Tränarna använde sig ofta av frågeteknik under träning, den vanligaste typen av frågor var öppna frågor. Det fanns många likheter i beteende mellan tränarna, men även vissa skillnader. Slutsats Sammanfattningsvis är analysen att tränarna använder sig av metoderna för inlärning; TGfU och EGD i träningsmiljö med sina spelare. Frågeteknik i form av öppna frågor, samt specifik positiv feedback var bland de vanligast använda beteendena hos båda tränarna. Resultatet av observationerna påvisar en nära anknytning mellan tränarnas praktik och teorier kring inlärning och långsiktig idrottslig utveckling. Sålunda lyckas tränarna med tiden forma ett inlärningsklimat som är hållbart över tid.

The study was designed to initially determine levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) occurring during physical education in 11-12 year olds using appropriate objective methods. Subsequently, the potential of a pedagogical method; ‘teaching games for understanding’ to increase PA levels and self determined motivation during PE lessons, and habitual physical activity during leisure time was examined. The most reliable and valid PA measurement tool for the chosen age group was the RT3 ® triaxial accelerometer. PA levels during PE lessons fell short of the recommended 50% (20 minute) criterion, with children accumulating 16.4 ± 2.3 minutes (44.9 ± 5.6%) of mean MVPA during lesson time. Seven day habitual activity monitoring revealed that time spent in MVPA on a PE day was significantly higher (P <0.05) than on a weekend day. This study also highlighted that on non PE days the lack of PE-related activity was not compensated by engagement in other activity. An investigation into the effects of a 12 week TGfU pedagogical strategy on MVPA and elements of Self Determination Theory during PE lessons revealed that boys assigned to the intervention displayed significantly higher (P <0.01) levels of MVPA, and significantly higher levels of autonomy (P < 0.05) post-intervention versus the control group. In addition, a non significant trend for an increase in habitual PA for boys assigned to the intervention lessons was revealed. No significant differences were displayed in the constructs of the TPB pre-post intervention and no significant benefits of TGfU were noted for girls. The reported increases in MVPA and levels of autonomy during PE lessons in boys using a TGfU approach are novel and promising. However it is suggested that future research incorporates such strategies in a health-promoting PE environment in addition to the traditional skills-based activities. This may have potential in enhancing MVPA during PE in girls and boys, and may promote greater transference to habitual physical activity levels. The potential for self determined environments positively impacting upon motivation and intentions to be physically active both during and outside of PE lessons warrants further exploration but over longer time periods.

Submitted by CARINA DA SILVA DE LARA SARRUGE (ca_lara@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-10T02:49:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FINAL CARINA.pdf: 3279582 bytes, checksum: 48573422010698003ef871f300b65423 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-04-10T12:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sarruge_csl_me_rcla.pdf: 3269429 bytes, checksum: db24d2332db521b4d8b3a8878f501d3d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T12:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sarruge_csl_me_rcla.pdf: 3269429 bytes, checksum: db24d2332db521b4d8b3a8878f501d3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Outra / A prática do voleibol vem se expandindo no Brasil desde a década de 1980, sobretudo pelas vitórias internacionais das seleções feminina e masculina, sendo as principais responsáveis pelo aumento do número de praticantes. A modalidade se manifesta de várias formas na sociedade, em vários lugares e para múltiplas finalidades, por isso deve ser motivo de reflexão também na iniciação. Embora as tecnologias estejam presentes no contexto esportivo de modo geral e no voleibol, pouco se encontra sobre sua utilização no sentido de melhorar a compreensão da lógica tática do jogo pelos praticantes, pois a prevalência do uso está em oferecer dados e respostas prontas, especialmente aos treinadores ou professores. Sendo assim, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo elaborar, implementar e avaliar uma Unidade Didática de iniciação ao voleibol, baseada na compreensão da lógica tática do jogo, a partir de um diagnóstico das dificuldades de ensino percebidas por professores de voleibol do SESC São Paulo, utilizando recursos de filmagem e Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) para auxiliar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. A presente pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa com referencial teórico na pesquisa-ação e foi organizada em três etapas: 1) Levantamento diagnóstico com professores de voleibol do SESC São Paulo; 2) Elaboração de uma Unidade Didática de Voleibol e 3) Implementação e avaliação da Unidade Didática. Os professores indicaram, por meio do questionário, que "observar a quadra adversária e passar a bola nos espaços vazios" são as maiores dificuldades dos alunos iniciantes. A partir desse diagnóstico, elaborou-se e implementou-se uma Unidade Didática com tais elementos táticos considerando-se as tendências atuais da Pedagogia do Esporte, a partir do uso do modelo Teaching Games for Understand (TGfU), assim como recursos de filmagens e outras TIC (celular, tablet, notebook, projetor, aplicativos, sites). Os principais resultados indicam que, de fato, as filmagens dos jogos dos alunos e a utilização das TIC, além de serem atrativas, foram notavelmente facilitadoras para o alcance do objetivo proposto. As gravações permitiram que os alunos identificassem quem conseguia olhar para a quadra adversária, assim como os espaços vazios e, dessa forma, concomitantemente com os momentos de conscientização tática proposta, puderam refletir, discutir e construir estratégias e soluções para os problemas táticos impostos. Tais condições favoreceram um ensino para a formação de praticantes que compreendem a lógica tática do jogo. Observou-se, no último jogo proposto, que 43% das disputas de pontos tiveram alunos jogando a bola com clara intenção e direcionamento para a quadra adversária, um aumento considerável quando comparado ao primeiro jogo filmado no início da Unidade Didática. Conclui-se que, apesar das dificuldades técnicas, o uso de filmagem e das TIC auxiliou na aquisição da capacidade de iniciantes no voleibol jogarem com intenções táticas. / The volleyball practice has been expanding in Brazil since the 1980s, mainly due to the international victories of the women's and men's teams, being mainly responsible for the increase in the number of practitioners. The modality manifests itself in many ways in society, in many places and for multiple purposes, so it is also a reason for reflection on the initiative. Despite being in a position to improve the understanding of the tactical logic of the game for practitioners, there is a prevalence of use in data and ready-answers, especially the coaches or teachers. Thus, the research aims to develop, implement and evaluate a didactic unit of volleyball initiation, a program of learning difficulties of teaching by volleyball teachers of SESC São Paulo, filming resources and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to assist in the teaching-learning process. A qualitative research present with theoretical reference in action research and organization in three stages: 1) Diagnostic survey with SESC São Paulo volleyball teachers; 2) Elaboration of a Didactic Unit of Volleyball and 3) Implementation and evaluation of the Didactic Unit. The teachers indicated through the questionnaire that "they observe an opponent's court and pass the ball in the empty spaces" are like greater difficulties of the beginning students. Based on the use of the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) model as resources of movies and other ICT (cell phone, tablet, notebook, projector, applications, websites). The main results indicate that the filming of student games and ICT applications, in addition to being attractive, were remarkably facilitative in reaching the proposition. As recordings allowed the students to identify who got a look at the opposing squad, as well as the empty spaces and how they concomitantly with the moments of tactical awareness proposed, they could reflect, discuss and construct strategies and solutions to the tactical problems imposed. Such conditions favored a teaching for the formation of practitioners who understand a tactical logic of the game. It was observed in the last proposed game, that 43% of the test points disputes, throwing a ball with clear intention and direction to an opponent's court, there was a considerable increase when compared to the first game filmed at the beginning of the didactic unit. It is concluded that, despite the technical difficulties, the use of shooting and ICT, is not accepted in the acquisition of ability of beginners in volleyball play with tactical intentions.

Submitted by Maria Bernadete Dos Santos (mariabpds@id.uff.br) on 2017-10-10T15:24:01Z No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Ana Paula Medeiros.pdf: 1550631 bytes, checksum: c2c0de6ab5e7ff2729db59698506250d (MD5) Produto Ana Paula Medeiros.pdf: 429625 bytes, checksum: 68103f66bcbc45cf18db01326bb82852 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca Central do Valonguinho Biblioteca Central do Valonguinho (bcv@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-10-27T19:43:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Ana Paula Medeiros.pdf: 1550631 bytes, checksum: c2c0de6ab5e7ff2729db59698506250d (MD5) Produto Ana Paula Medeiros.pdf: 429625 bytes, checksum: 68103f66bcbc45cf18db01326bb82852 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-27T19:43:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Ana Paula Medeiros.pdf: 1550631 bytes, checksum: c2c0de6ab5e7ff2729db59698506250d (MD5) Produto Ana Paula Medeiros.pdf: 429625 bytes, checksum: 68103f66bcbc45cf18db01326bb82852 (MD5) / Esse trabalho apresenta uma sequência didática sobre Geometria Molecular, elaborada após análise de uma diagnose aplicada, levando-se em consideração a opinião dos participantes envolvidos nesta pesquisa. Utilizou-se a Teoria Cognitiva de David Ausubel e as Obras de Paulo Freire, para fundamentar a pesquisa. A sequência foi desenvolvida em duas turmas de 1ºsérie do Ensino Médio no município de Belford-Roxo, buscou-se envolver os alunos através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre “A importância e tipos de Geometria Molecular”, assim como a elaboração de modelos com materiais alternativos, juntamente com uma ficha contendo informações sobre a molécula. Para reforçar a construção do conhecimento, foram elaborados e utilizados dois jogos didáticos, um Dominó Geométrico e um Cara-Cara Geométrico. Ambos abordaram o assunto estudado em sala de aula durante o 4º bimestre. Posteriormente ao processo envolvendo o lúdico, os alunos participaram de uma avaliação escrita. Após todo desenvolvimento do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, os discentes responderam a um questionário, onde puderam expor suas opiniões sobre as atividades desenvolvidas, permitindo ao docente analisar o processo ensino- aprendizagem e os benefícios do uso de atividades lúdicas associado a teoria para abordagem do conteúdo de geometria molecular. Após análise e reflexão docente, foi obtido a versão final da sequência didática, envolvendo atividades lúdicas para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de geometria molecular no Ensino Médio. Configurando-se como produto final dessa Dissertação, podendo contribuir no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Química à medida que permite a construção do conhecimento em conjunto professor-alunos. / This paper presents a didactic sequence of molecular geometry, drawn up after analysis of an applied diagnosis, taking into account the opinion of the participants involved in this research. We used the Cognitive Theory of David Ausubel and the works of Paulo Freire to support the research.The sequence was developed in two groups of the freshman year of high school in Belford-Roxo city. It was sought to engage students through a literature search about "The importance and types of molecular geometry” as well as the development of models with alternative materials along with a form containing information about the molecule.In the consolidation of knowledge, two educational games were used: a Geometrical Domino and Geometrical Guess Who. Both addressed the subject studied in class during the 4th quarter. As soon as the process involving the recreational activities was finished, students participated in a written assessment.After the whole development of the teaching-learning process, the students answered a questionnaire where they could express their opinions on the activities evolved, allowing the teacher to analyze the teaching-learning process and the benefits of using recreational activities associated with theory to the content of molecular geometry approach.After analysis and teaching reflection, It was obtained the final version of the didactic sequence involving recreational activities for the process of teaching and learning of molecular geometry in high school. Configured as the final productofthiswork, it cancontribute in Chemistryteaching-learningprocess as it allowstheconstructionofknowledge in teacher-studentsinteraction.