A partir do início do século XXI, a nanociência e a nanotecnologia passaram a fazer parte de políticas de desenvolvimento por parte de Estados nacionais, principalmente os países do centro do sistema capitalista. As potencialidades trazidas pelas possíveis aplicações científicas e industriais da escala nano orientaram seu desenvolvimento em duas frentes: uma dedicada às aplicações e adaptações no ambiente econômico e outra interessada na análise dos impactos sociais de seu uso. Neste contexto, o trabalho inicia-se identificando os conceitos em disputa para a formação de sua ordem jurídica. Em seguida, identifica as principais questões sociais e econômicas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento das estratégias nacionais de nanotecnologia, analisando as políticas de desenvolvimento americana e japonesa para, posteriormente, estudar a política brasileira de nanotecnologia. O contorno teórico do tema baseia-se, do ponto de vista econômico, nas obras de Joseph A. Schumpeter e Celso Furtado e, do ponto de vista do direito, pela aplicação do direito econômico como método capaz de apreender a economia política inserida na forma jurídica. Assim, a análise da política brasileira é feita a fim de identificar as possibilidades de superação do desafio furtadiano, com vistas à autonomia tecnológica e homogeneização social. / From the beginning of the 21st century, nanoscience and nanotechnology have become part of nations development policies, particularly from countries in the center of the capitalist system. The potential brought by possible scientific and industrial applications of the nanoscale guided its development towards two fronts: one dedicated to applications and adaptations in the economic environment and the other interested in the analysis of the social impacts of its use. In this context, this work begins by identifying the concepts in dispute in order to form its legal system. Then, it identifies the social and economic key issues related to the development of nanotechnology national strategies, analyzing the development policies from USA and Japan, to, subsequently, study the Brazilian nanotechnology policy. From the economical standpoint, the theoretical outline of the subject is based on the theories of Joseph A. Schumpeter and Celso Furtado and then, from the standpoint of law, it is based on the application of economic law as a method capable of understanding the political economy embedded in the legal form. Thus, the analysis of Brazilian politics is done in order to identify the possibilities to overcome Furtados challenge, aiming at technological autonomy and social homogenization.

The aim of this work is at least partially to map the position of the scientific theme in magazines produced in the end of 19th century and by the beginning of 20th century with focus on technical progress reflection and partial presence of additional scientific themes. The theoretical part of this work summarizes the role of science in the Czech society from the end of 18th century and presents the main personalities, turning points and processes (mainly industrial revolution) that formed the media discourse by the end of the 19th century. The practical part is dedicated to analyzing of chosen magazines Čas, Naše doba, Česká revue, Český svět a Světozor (Illustrovaný svět) in various periods of time. Firstly, there is a connection concerned with the year 1886, the age of manuscript polemics and "our two questions". Subsequently, it is analyzed the position of science at the turn of the century that was considerably influenced with the general process of technique penetration through society praxis. The last period researched is the pre-war time between years 1912 - 1914, when technical inventions were highly used in the military sphere and were also responsible for a massive militarization.

A partir do início do século XXI, a nanociência e a nanotecnologia passaram a fazer parte de políticas de desenvolvimento por parte de Estados nacionais, principalmente os países do centro do sistema capitalista. As potencialidades trazidas pelas possíveis aplicações científicas e industriais da escala nano orientaram seu desenvolvimento em duas frentes: uma dedicada às aplicações e adaptações no ambiente econômico e outra interessada na análise dos impactos sociais de seu uso. Neste contexto, o trabalho inicia-se identificando os conceitos em disputa para a formação de sua ordem jurídica. Em seguida, identifica as principais questões sociais e econômicas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento das estratégias nacionais de nanotecnologia, analisando as políticas de desenvolvimento americana e japonesa para, posteriormente, estudar a política brasileira de nanotecnologia. O contorno teórico do tema baseia-se, do ponto de vista econômico, nas obras de Joseph A. Schumpeter e Celso Furtado e, do ponto de vista do direito, pela aplicação do direito econômico como método capaz de apreender a economia política inserida na forma jurídica. Assim, a análise da política brasileira é feita a fim de identificar as possibilidades de superação do desafio furtadiano, com vistas à autonomia tecnológica e homogeneização social. / From the beginning of the 21st century, nanoscience and nanotechnology have become part of nations development policies, particularly from countries in the center of the capitalist system. The potential brought by possible scientific and industrial applications of the nanoscale guided its development towards two fronts: one dedicated to applications and adaptations in the economic environment and the other interested in the analysis of the social impacts of its use. In this context, this work begins by identifying the concepts in dispute in order to form its legal system. Then, it identifies the social and economic key issues related to the development of nanotechnology national strategies, analyzing the development policies from USA and Japan, to, subsequently, study the Brazilian nanotechnology policy. From the economical standpoint, the theoretical outline of the subject is based on the theories of Joseph A. Schumpeter and Celso Furtado and then, from the standpoint of law, it is based on the application of economic law as a method capable of understanding the political economy embedded in the legal form. Thus, the analysis of Brazilian politics is done in order to identify the possibilities to overcome Furtados challenge, aiming at technological autonomy and social homogenization.