É inegável a importância dos trabalhadores de nível técnico para a implementação do Sistema Único de Saúde. No entanto, há limites impostos para uma atuação crítica e transformadora desses trabalhadores em decorrência, entre outras, da fragmentação do processo de trabalho em saúde e das estratégias educativas utilizadas em sua formação. O Projeto de Profissionalização dos Trabalhadores da Área de Enfermagem foi criado pelo Ministério da Saúde com o objetivo principal de qualificar trabalhadores da enfermagem. Um perfil de competências foi construído e a análise deste, comparativamente ao proposto pelo Ministério da Educação, fez emergir a necessidade de aprofundar o estudo acerca do referencial estruturante da educação profissional, frente às necessidades de formação técnica em saúde. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer o potencial crítico-emancipatório da noção de competência assumida pelos Ministérios da Educação e da Saúde, por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, na perspectiva qualitativa. Seu suporte teórico foi a Teoria de Intervenção Práxica da Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva; o referencial de análise, a hermenêutica-crítica. A fonte de dados empíricos foi constituída por documentos reguladores da educação profissional técnica oriundos desses Ministérios, entre 1996 e 2006. Além disso, foram levantados os discursos de seus representantes, através de entrevista semi-estruturada. Os resultados mostraram visões de educação diferenciadas entre os dois Ministérios: o da Educação aponta as exigências do mercado como seus princípios norteadores; a noção de competência se apóia na perspectiva construtivista, enfatizando atributos pessoais em detrimento de sua dimensão social. O Ministério da Saúde aponta a educação profissional como instrumento da cidadania, devendo ser orientada pelo paradigma político assistencial do SUS; a noção de competência baseia-se na perspectiva crítico-emancipatória. Concluiu-se que a visão do Ministério da Educação aponta para uma formação que adapte o homem à sociedade. O Ministério da Saúde aponta seu potencial crítico e emancipador. Estas diferenças não foram identificadas nos discursos dos gestores, que se apresentaram centrados na noção de competência que mescla as duas visões / The technical level workers importance for the implementation of the Unified Health System is undeniable. However there are limits imposed for a transformative and critical performance due to, among other reasons, the fragmentation of the working health process and the educational strategies adopted in their qualification. The Nursing Workers Professionalization Project was created by the Ministry of Health with the main objective of qualifying the nursing workers. A competence profile was built together with its analysis, comparatively proposed by the Ministry of Education created the need to deepen the study about the structuring referential of professional education in face of the needs of technical qualification in health. The present study had as its goal to know the critical emancipatory process of the competence notion taken by the Ministries of Education and Health, via a descriptive and exploratory research, on the qualitative perspective. Its theoretical support was the Praxical Intervention Theory of Nursing in Public Health; the analysis referential, the critical-hermeneutics. The empiric data source was formed by regulating documents of technical professional education from the Ministries of Health and Education in 1996 and 2006. Besides that, their representatives’ speeches were also used through semi structured interviews. The results have showed differentiated education views from the two Ministries: the Ministry of Education shows the market demands as direction principles; the competence notion is supported on the constructivist perspective, emphasizing personal attributes to the detriment of its social dimension. The Ministry of Health points out the Professional education as an instrument of citizenship, to be oriented by the SUS political assistance paradigm; the competence notion is based on the critical-emancipatory perspective. we can conclude that the view of the Ministry of Education shows a qualification process that can adapt men to society. The Ministry of Health presents its critical and emancipating potential. These differences were not identified in the public managers’ speeches who had the competence notion of both views

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-145). Also available on the World Wide Web.

É inegável a importância dos trabalhadores de nível técnico para a implementação do Sistema Único de Saúde. No entanto, há limites impostos para uma atuação crítica e transformadora desses trabalhadores em decorrência, entre outras, da fragmentação do processo de trabalho em saúde e das estratégias educativas utilizadas em sua formação. O Projeto de Profissionalização dos Trabalhadores da Área de Enfermagem foi criado pelo Ministério da Saúde com o objetivo principal de qualificar trabalhadores da enfermagem. Um perfil de competências foi construído e a análise deste, comparativamente ao proposto pelo Ministério da Educação, fez emergir a necessidade de aprofundar o estudo acerca do referencial estruturante da educação profissional, frente às necessidades de formação técnica em saúde. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer o potencial crítico-emancipatório da noção de competência assumida pelos Ministérios da Educação e da Saúde, por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, na perspectiva qualitativa. Seu suporte teórico foi a Teoria de Intervenção Práxica da Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva; o referencial de análise, a hermenêutica-crítica. A fonte de dados empíricos foi constituída por documentos reguladores da educação profissional técnica oriundos desses Ministérios, entre 1996 e 2006. Além disso, foram levantados os discursos de seus representantes, através de entrevista semi-estruturada. Os resultados mostraram visões de educação diferenciadas entre os dois Ministérios: o da Educação aponta as exigências do mercado como seus princípios norteadores; a noção de competência se apóia na perspectiva construtivista, enfatizando atributos pessoais em detrimento de sua dimensão social. O Ministério da Saúde aponta a educação profissional como instrumento da cidadania, devendo ser orientada pelo paradigma político assistencial do SUS; a noção de competência baseia-se na perspectiva crítico-emancipatória. Concluiu-se que a visão do Ministério da Educação aponta para uma formação que adapte o homem à sociedade. O Ministério da Saúde aponta seu potencial crítico e emancipador. Estas diferenças não foram identificadas nos discursos dos gestores, que se apresentaram centrados na noção de competência que mescla as duas visões / The technical level workers importance for the implementation of the Unified Health System is undeniable. However there are limits imposed for a transformative and critical performance due to, among other reasons, the fragmentation of the working health process and the educational strategies adopted in their qualification. The Nursing Workers Professionalization Project was created by the Ministry of Health with the main objective of qualifying the nursing workers. A competence profile was built together with its analysis, comparatively proposed by the Ministry of Education created the need to deepen the study about the structuring referential of professional education in face of the needs of technical qualification in health. The present study had as its goal to know the critical emancipatory process of the competence notion taken by the Ministries of Education and Health, via a descriptive and exploratory research, on the qualitative perspective. Its theoretical support was the Praxical Intervention Theory of Nursing in Public Health; the analysis referential, the critical-hermeneutics. The empiric data source was formed by regulating documents of technical professional education from the Ministries of Health and Education in 1996 and 2006. Besides that, their representatives’ speeches were also used through semi structured interviews. The results have showed differentiated education views from the two Ministries: the Ministry of Education shows the market demands as direction principles; the competence notion is supported on the constructivist perspective, emphasizing personal attributes to the detriment of its social dimension. The Ministry of Health points out the Professional education as an instrument of citizenship, to be oriented by the SUS political assistance paradigm; the competence notion is based on the critical-emancipatory perspective. we can conclude that the view of the Ministry of Education shows a qualification process that can adapt men to society. The Ministry of Health presents its critical and emancipating potential. These differences were not identified in the public managers’ speeches who had the competence notion of both views

Since the advent of democracy in 1994 South Africa has been faced with the shortage of skilled people and this is caused, amongst other things, by the inadequacy of the outdated National Education Programmes for Technical Colleges (NATED) and later referred to as the N-programmes. To address the problem, the former Department of Education (DoE) developed new programmes called the National Certificate Vocational NC (V) for the students of the Further Education and Training colleges (FETs), which were renamed the Technical Vocational Educational and Training Colleges (TVET). The TVET programmes were implemented with the collaboration of industry and other stakeholders who were involved when the NC (V) programmes were developed to ensure their buy-in. Despite all these efforts, Magnus et al. (2013) are of the view that the vocationally-oriented NC (V) programmes offered at colleges are not useful, work-focused and flexible, as a result some leading employers reject the products of the programmes. Returning to the global debate, Lewis (2009) contends that failure of vocational programmes anywhere ought not to be taken as an indictment of vocationalism. Based on the above scenario, this study surveyed and traced TVET graduates who graduated from 2009 to 2012, to determine the impact of the NC (V) programme on those who decided to either further their studies or be employed. Although the programmes offered by the FET’s are rolled out in various study fields throughout the country, the research was limited to graduates who were enrolled in the following three programmes in the North West Province: building construction, electrical, and engineering related studies. The three mega FET Colleges, composed of more than ten campuses as listed in point 1.2.1, are spread throughout the province, which is regarded to be predominantly rural even though it boasts the biggest hub of mines, especially platinum mines. There is also high concentration of tourism industry as well as agricultural businesses that require a skilled labour force to drive economic activities. An extensive literature review was conducted to appropriately inform the study and to provide a firm basis for the arguments. The NC (V) programmes by their nature and design are closely related to the work of the Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETAs) with respect to the apprenticeships and the learnerships. Factors relating to the research scope, context and the geographical environment were analysed to ensure proper delineation and delimitation of the study since it covered only the North West Province of South Africa. The study used both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies for the collection of data. An interview schedule was used for the collection of the qualitative data from the Colleges, Department of Higher Education and Training, the Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETAs), the Universities of Technologies (UoTs), and the various employer organizations. The questionnaire was applied to collect quantitative data from the graduates because of their large numbers. The use of both methods, the qualitative and quantitative, enhanced the quality of the verification and the validation of the data. The correlational relationship and connection between the NC (V) graduates and their post college destinations was determined. This refers to the correlation between NC (V) graduates and the opportunities seized after their college studies. Charles (1998:11) attests that “although in most cases data for correlation studies are obtained through measurement, at times they come from judgments made by researchers, teachers, or other qualified persons”. In line with this, the researcher presented the findings from the qualitative method in a manner that outlines the opinions and the post college status of the graduates. The findings of the qualitative method provided background knowledge into the NC (V) programmes, the graduates and their destinations, thereby validating the quantitative findings. A work integrated learning framework model is proposed for the enhancement of the FET College curriculum, for the improvement of quality work-placement and for the promotion of partnership amongst the beneficiaries; graduates, employers, colleges and the intermediaries. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

Since the advent of democracy in 1994 South Africa has been faced with the shortage of skilled people and this is caused, amongst other things, by the inadequacy of the outdated National Education Programmes for Technical Colleges (NATED) and later referred to as the N-programmes. To address the problem, the former Department of Education (DoE) developed new programmes called the National Certificate Vocational NC (V) for the students of the Further Education and Training colleges (FETs), which were renamed the Technical Vocational Educational and Training Colleges (TVET). The TVET programmes were implemented with the collaboration of industry and other stakeholders who were involved when the NC (V) programmes were developed to ensure their buy-in. Despite all these efforts, Magnus et al. (2013) are of the view that the vocationally-oriented NC (V) programmes offered at colleges are not useful, work-focused and flexible, as a result some leading employers reject the products of the programmes. Returning to the global debate, Lewis (2009) contends that failure of vocational programmes anywhere ought not to be taken as an indictment of vocationalism. Based on the above scenario, this study surveyed and traced TVET graduates who graduated from 2009 to 2012, to determine the impact of the NC (V) programme on those who decided to either further their studies or be employed. Although the programmes offered by the FET’s are rolled out in various study fields throughout the country, the research was limited to graduates who were enrolled in the following three programmes in the North West Province: building construction, electrical, and engineering related studies. The three mega FET Colleges, composed of more than ten campuses as listed in point 1.2.1, are spread throughout the province, which is regarded to be predominantly rural even though it boasts the biggest hub of mines, especially platinum mines. There is also high concentration of tourism industry as well as agricultural businesses that require a skilled labour force to drive economic activities. An extensive literature review was conducted to appropriately inform the study and to provide a firm basis for the arguments. The NC (V) programmes by their nature and design are closely related to the work of the Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETAs) with respect to the apprenticeships and the learnerships. Factors relating to the research scope, context and the geographical environment were analysed to ensure proper delineation and delimitation of the study since it covered only the North West Province of South Africa. The study used both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies for the collection of data. An interview schedule was used for the collection of the qualitative data from the Colleges, Department of Higher Education and Training, the Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETAs), the Universities of Technologies (UoTs), and the various employer organizations. The questionnaire was applied to collect quantitative data from the graduates because of their large numbers. The use of both methods, the qualitative and quantitative, enhanced the quality of the verification and the validation of the data. The correlational relationship and connection between the NC (V) graduates and their post college destinations was determined. This refers to the correlation between NC (V) graduates and the opportunities seized after their college studies. Charles (1998:11) attests that “although in most cases data for correlation studies are obtained through measurement, at times they come from judgments made by researchers, teachers, or other qualified persons”. In line with this, the researcher presented the findings from the qualitative method in a manner that outlines the opinions and the post college status of the graduates. The findings of the qualitative method provided background knowledge into the NC (V) programmes, the graduates and their destinations, thereby validating the quantitative findings. A work integrated learning framework model is proposed for the enhancement of the FET College curriculum, for the improvement of quality work-placement and for the promotion of partnership amongst the beneficiaries; graduates, employers, colleges and the intermediaries. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

The purpose of this project was to develop a semester length community college curriculum for a course in the theory and servicing of digital-high definition television for the students in the service technology field of electronics at Santa Ana Community College in Santa Ana, California. Additionally, it is designed with the current electronic service industry in mind.

Este estudo trata da formulação da política de formação do agente comunitário de saúde (ACS), buscando compreender as disputas que então se travaram, a partir dos processos políticos relativos à gestão da educação e do trabalho do ACS, implementados no período compreendido entre o início de 2003 e meados de 2005. Para tal fim, foram analisados os documentos debatidos nessa formulação, no intervalo de tempo compreendido entre março de 2003 e julho de 2004, o qual se revelou um período intenso de produção conceitual em torno dessa política. Nos documentos analisados, revelaram-se posições acerca do perfil social do ACS e do trabalho que este deve realizar, articuladas a concepções de ensino e formação em saúde, que disputaram o conteúdo e a forma que a política de formação desses trabalhadores deveria assumir. Tais disputas guardam relação também com o modo como esta função se instituiu no SUS e as contradições geradas desde então; ao mesmo tempo, as posições conflitantes apontam para distintos projetos de saúde, educação e trabalho. Esse processo resultou na publicação do Referencial Curricular para Curso Técnico de Agente Comunitário de Saúde, que consolidou a proposta de formação técnica, mas cuja implementação não tem se dado integralmente, configurando a prevalência de uma qualificação inicial, conforme determina a legislação que orienta o exercício da profissão de ACS. Entretanto, a dissertação indica que o processo não se esgotou, sendo a atual política de formação dos ACS objeto de disputas e demandas, tanto pela sua conservação, quanto pela sua transformação. / This study focuses on the community health agent (from now on, CHA) education policy formulation, aimed at understanding the disputes that occurred within the political processes relative to CHAs education and work management, implemented in the period between the beginning of 2003 and the middle of 2005. To that end, the documents debated in this formulation were analyzed in the time frame between March 2003 and July 2004, which revealed to be an intense conceptual production period about this policy. In the documents analyzed, positions about the CHAs social profile and the work that he/she has to do turned out to be articulated to teaching and health training conceptions, which disputed both the content and the format that the formation policy of these workers should assume. Such debates also bear relation to the way this function has been instituted in SUS (Brazilian Public Health System) and the contradictions generated ever since; at the same time, the conflicting positions point out to distinct health, education and work projects. This process resulted in the publication of the Curricular Referential for the Community Health Agent Technician Course, which consolidated the technical education proposal, but whose implementation has not been complete, figuring the prevalence of an initial qualification, as determined by the legislation on CHA profession. However, the dissertation indicates that the subject has not been exhausted, as the current CHA education policy is an object of dispute and demand for its conservation as well as for its transformation.

Este estudo trata da formulação da política de formação do agente comunitário de saúde (ACS), buscando compreender as disputas que então se travaram, a partir dos processos políticos relativos à gestão da educação e do trabalho do ACS, implementados no período compreendido entre o início de 2003 e meados de 2005. Para tal fim, foram analisados os documentos debatidos nessa formulação, no intervalo de tempo compreendido entre março de 2003 e julho de 2004, o qual se revelou um período intenso de produção conceitual em torno dessa política. Nos documentos analisados, revelaram-se posições acerca do perfil social do ACS e do trabalho que este deve realizar, articuladas a concepções de ensino e formação em saúde, que disputaram o conteúdo e a forma que a política de formação desses trabalhadores deveria assumir. Tais disputas guardam relação também com o modo como esta função se instituiu no SUS e as contradições geradas desde então; ao mesmo tempo, as posições conflitantes apontam para distintos projetos de saúde, educação e trabalho. Esse processo resultou na publicação do Referencial Curricular para Curso Técnico de Agente Comunitário de Saúde, que consolidou a proposta de formação técnica, mas cuja implementação não tem se dado integralmente, configurando a prevalência de uma qualificação inicial, conforme determina a legislação que orienta o exercício da profissão de ACS. Entretanto, a dissertação indica que o processo não se esgotou, sendo a atual política de formação dos ACS objeto de disputas e demandas, tanto pela sua conservação, quanto pela sua transformação. / This study focuses on the community health agent (from now on, CHA) education policy formulation, aimed at understanding the disputes that occurred within the political processes relative to CHAs education and work management, implemented in the period between the beginning of 2003 and the middle of 2005. To that end, the documents debated in this formulation were analyzed in the time frame between March 2003 and July 2004, which revealed to be an intense conceptual production period about this policy. In the documents analyzed, positions about the CHAs social profile and the work that he/she has to do turned out to be articulated to teaching and health training conceptions, which disputed both the content and the format that the formation policy of these workers should assume. Such debates also bear relation to the way this function has been instituted in SUS (Brazilian Public Health System) and the contradictions generated ever since; at the same time, the conflicting positions point out to distinct health, education and work projects. This process resulted in the publication of the Curricular Referential for the Community Health Agent Technician Course, which consolidated the technical education proposal, but whose implementation has not been complete, figuring the prevalence of an initial qualification, as determined by the legislation on CHA profession. However, the dissertation indicates that the subject has not been exhausted, as the current CHA education policy is an object of dispute and demand for its conservation as well as for its transformation.