Orientador: João Eduardo de Morais Pinto Furtado / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T06:34:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Murakami_ThaysGoncalvesdeLima_M.pdf: 2907868 bytes, checksum: e5aa147043b4802330ef644d2292229c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar a estrutura da produção de conhecimentos que são incorporados à avicultura de corte e de postura brasileira, dando ênfase à atuação das universidades e institutos de pesquisa nacionais (ICTs). A escolha da avicultura como objeto de análise se deve ao fato do Brasil apresentar grande competitividade nesta atividade, posicionando-se, no caso do segmento de corte, como o terceiro maior produtor e o maior exportador mundial de carne de frango. A motivação para a realização desta pesquisa está na importância que a geração de novos insumos, técnicas e conhecimentos tem exercido sobre a avicultura no que tange ao incremento de produtividade, à redução de custos e à melhoria da qualidade dos produtos. Conhecimentos e inovações provenientes de esforços isolados e combinados não somente das empresas dos elos industriais insumidores de genética, nutrição e medicamentos, mas também de universidades e institutos de pesquisa, todos inseridos no que se denominou de 'redes de valor do conhecimento'. Partindo-se do reconhecimento da grande contribuição que estes grupos de atores concedem à avicultura, foi realizado o mapeamento das empresas e organizações relacionadas a esta atividade que atuam no Brasil através do uso da fonte estatística da RAIS e de fontes especializadas em avicultura. As universidades e os institutos de pesquisa, em particular, exercem um papel crucial dentro destas redes, formando capital humano qualificado, produzindo pesquisas científicas e tecnológicas de referência, prestando serviços técnicos e laboratoriais e até mesmo dando apoio técnico à produção de novos produtos e processos desenvolvidos pelas empresas insumidoras e que serão posteriormente introduzidos no mercado. Com vistas a atender aos propósitos desta pesquisa - de investigar a estrutura da produção de conhecimentos com enfoque na atuação das ICTs - foram analisados os artigos científicos relacionados à avicultura publicados na base Scopus entre 1970 e 2009. Com o auxílio de um programa computacional chamado Pajek foram construídas as redes de co-autoria. Através da análise destas redes foram identificadas as ICTs mais importantes em termos de geração de conhecimentos à avicultura brasileira e as que mais interagem com fontes externas, inclusive com o setor industrial / Abstract: This research purposes to investigate the knowledge production structure that is embodied in the Brazilian aviculture (broiler and layer), giving emphasis on the performance of national universities and research institutes (STIs). The investigation of the aviculture is related to the large Brazilian competitiveness in this activity. In the case of broiler sector, Brazil displays the third position in broiler meat production and the first position in exportation. What motivates this research is the importance that the generation of new inputs, practices and knowledge has carried out into the aviculture, increasing productivity, minimizing costs and improving products quality. Knowledge and innovations deriving from isolated and combined efforts not merely from genetic, nutrition and drug industries, but also from universities and research institutes, all of them immersed in what we called 'knowledge value networks'. Recognizing the great contribution that this groups of actors has granted to aviculture we mapped the companies and the organizations related to this activity in Brazil through the use of the Brazilian statistical source called RAIS and specialized poultry sources. Universities and research institutes, in particular, exert a crucial role inside these networks, forming qualified human capital, bearing remarkable scientific and technological researches, rendering technical and laboratorial services and even giving technical support to the production of new products and processes developed by supplier companies that, subsequently, will be introduced in the market. For the purpose of this research - to investigate the knowledge production structure focusing on the performance of the STIs - we analyzed aviculture related scientific papers published in Scopus database between 1970 and 2009. With the support of computational software called Pajek we generated co-authorship networks. Through the investigation of these networks we identified the most important STIs in terms of knowledge generation to the Brazilian aviculture and the STIs that presented a larger number of interactions with external sources, including the industrial sector / Mestrado / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Orientador: João Eduardo de Morais Pinto Furtado / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Gocências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T20:27:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marques_GuilhermedeOliveira_M.pdf: 1338913 bytes, checksum: 121c420e733e47a50c8f4eb741a8082e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O advento da chamada bioeconomia está vinculado a um crescente interesse por processos e produtos ambientalmente mais amigáveis, que sejam capazes de suficientemente preservar as condições de vida em nosso planeta. Este advento implica na necessidade de uma redução quantitativa na utilização dos atuais insumos produtivos e uma alteração qualitativa nesta matriz de insumos. Pela sua grande dotação de insumos produtivos renováveis e pela experiência no uso industrial dos mesmos, o Brasil pode ocupar papel central neste contexto. Na indústria química, é exemplo deste advento a emergência das chamadas novas rotas biotecnológicas, pautadas no uso de recursos renováveis, em especial de biomassa, em contraposição ao modelo pautado no uso de recursos fósseis que, relativamente ao potencial desse método alternativo, é altamente poluente. O modelo capitaneado pelo uso de biotecnologias é representado pelas biorrefinarias, conceito paralelo ao de refinarias tradicionais que operam a base de recursos fósseis. Neste trabalho, é utilizado o termo biotecnologia branca para designar a aplicação deste tipo de tecnologia a produtos químicos, materiais e combustíveis. O advento da biotecnologia, nos termos colocados, por se constituir em um evento de ruptura com relação ao atual modelo produtivo, pode se constituir em uma oportunidade para que firmas que possuam relativamente um menor comprometimento com o modelo tradicional venham a assumir uma posição inovativa e de mercado de maior proeminência. No entanto, a existência de oportunidades desta natureza deve ser vista com ressalvas, já que alguns ativos e competências constituídos no modelo anterior continuam possuem grande valor para realização de atividades inovativas e de produção em biotecnologia branca. Este trabalho buscou analisar, em grande medida apoiado em indicadores derivados de patentes, o posicionamento estratégico de firmas brasileiras - Braskem e Petrobras - para aproveitamento destas oportunidades, frente ao de grandes concorrentes internacionais. A renovação do portfólio de competências e ativos, em consonância com o conceito de estratégias de exploration, é um dos principais meios pelos quais os líderes incumbentes podem consolidar suas posições, mesmo em face de um evento de ruptura que solape algumas de suas vantagens competitivas. Como conclusão, a análise dos indicadores construídos revelou que as firmas brasileiras encontram-se mal posicionadas para aproveitamento das oportunidades derivadas do avento da biotecnologia branca, apesar de que a simples existência de patentes desta natureza de propriedade destas firmas revela a construção, mesmo que incipiente, de capacidades dinâmicas. As firmas brasileiras ocupam uma posição marginal na hierarquia inovativa relacionada a estas tecnologias, de modo que, apesar da existência da janela de oportunidades, o baixo acúmulo de ativos e competências impossibilita que estas firmas a aproveitem de forma mais robusta / Abstract: The advent of so-called bio-economy is linked to a growing interest in processes and products more environmentally friendly, which are able to sufficiently preserve the conditions of life on our planet. This advent implies the need of a quantitative reduction and a qualitative change in the use of production inputs. For its large endowment of renewable productive inputs and its experience in industrial use of them, Brazil may occupy a central role in this context. In the chemical industry, it is example of this advent the emergency of the new biotechnological routes, which are governed by the use of renewable resources, especially biomass, that is less polluting of the model based on the use of fossil resources. The model captained by the use of biotechnology is represented by biorefineries, that is a parallel concept of the traditional refineries that operating based on fossil resources. In this paper, we use the term white biotechnology to describe the application of this technology to chemicals products, materials and fuels. The advent of biotechnology, as it constitutes an event of breaking up with the current production model, can serve as an opportunity for firms that have relatively less commitment to the traditional model to assume an innovative and market position of greater prominence. However, the existence of such opportunities must be look with caution, since some assets and competencies established in the previous model still have great value for development of innovative activity and production in white biotechnology. This study sought to analyze, largely supported by indicators derived from patents, the strategic positioning of firms in Brazil - Braskem and Petrobras - to take advantage of these opportunities, compared to large international competitors. The renewal of the portfolio of skills and assets, in line with the concept of exploration strategies, is a major means by which incumbent leaders can consolidate their positions, even in the face of a rupture event that will possible undermine some of its competitive advantages. In conclusion, the analysis of indicators constructed revealed that Brazilian firms are poorly placed to take advantage of opportunities created by white biotechnology advent, despite the mere existence of such patent ownership by these firms reveals the building, even if incipient, of dynamic capabilities. Brazilian firms occupy a marginal position in the innovative hierarchy with respect to these technologies when measured by the strength of their patent portfolio, so that, despite the existence of a window of opportunity, they seem to be poorly prepared for their catch / Mestrado / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

This thesis deals with positive and negative effects of technological progress on the music industry. The first part presents important changes during the evolution of the music industry to its current status. Other chapters are trying to analyze current trends and their specific features in the field of production, distribution and promotion of music in the world and the Czech Republic. Special chapter is devoted to new forms of financing music project. The work also deals with the analysis of the current music consumption habits of music consumers in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The last chapter deals with the approach of Czech and Slovak musicians to new possibilities in production, distribution, promotion and fundraising for the functioning of their musical projects. Key words:

Since the beginning of 2020 covid-19 has been declared as a public health crisis. Whatfollowed when restrictions were introduced in the world, were that many people wereforced to work from home. Our study will investigate the work of auditors at the largeraudit firms in Sweden. The purpose of this study is to find out how auditors work has beenaffected by the industry's increasing digitization during covid-19. A qualitative methodhas been used to answer the following research questions;In what way has digitization changed the way auditors work during covid-19?Could some of these changes remain after covid-19 has ended?Five auditors have been interviewed from KPMG, PwC, and Grant Thornton. By using thestudys collection of theories the responses from the interviews were analyzed. The chapterwith empirical findings is where the data collection is gathered. Here it shows that covid-19 has affected the auditors work in both a positive and negative manner. The mainpositive side of covid-19 is that work became even more flexible than before. Thenegative side is that the social interactions were missing. Digital tools and equipment haveoverall been of great value during covid-19, though perhaps not to a larger extent thanbefore covid-19. Further, now that the restrictions had been lifted, our respondents saw afuture of working from home more continuously and being able to dictate their ownworking hours with the help of digital tools and equipment.

Yes / We provide multi-factor real option models (and quasi-analytical solutions) for equipment capital budgeting under uncertainty, when there is either unexpected, or anticipated, or uncertain (volatile) technological progress. We calculate the threshold level of revenues and operating costs using the incumbent equipment that would justify replacement. Replacement is deferred for lower revenue thresholds. If progress is anticipated or highly uncertain, alert financial managers should wait longer before replacing equipment. Replacement deferral increases with decreases in the expected correlation between revenue and operating costs, and with increases in the revenue and/or operating cost volatility. Uncertain technological progress increases the real option value of waiting. The best approach for equipment suppliers is to reduce the expected revenue and/or cost volatility, and/or reduce the expected uncertainty of technological innovations, since then an incentive exists for the early replacement of old equipment when a technologically advanced version is launched.

Submitted by Alexandre Giacomoni Viana Pereira (agiacomoni@hotmail.com) on 2014-02-06T19:01:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Consolidação bancária brasileira e a performance dos bancos pequenos - submetido.pdf: 1078091 bytes, checksum: 461ada1b51836c1a4ba87bee55dded75 (MD5) / Rejected by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Alexandre, Falta ficha catalográfica e resumo em inglês. Deve está de acordo com as Normas. Att. Suzi 3799-7876 on 2014-02-07T18:55:54Z (GMT) / Submitted by Alexandre Giacomoni Viana Pereira (agiacomoni@hotmail.com) on 2014-02-18T21:54:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Consolidação bancária brasileira e a performance dos bancos pequenos - submetido.pdf: 917239 bytes, checksum: 3c11b717b2ce25c9c4ca0f8d22fb5d80 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2014-02-19T13:30:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Consolidação bancária brasileira e a performance dos bancos pequenos - submetido.pdf: 917239 bytes, checksum: 3c11b717b2ce25c9c4ca0f8d22fb5d80 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-19T13:37:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Consolidação bancária brasileira e a performance dos bancos pequenos - submetido.pdf: 917239 bytes, checksum: 3c11b717b2ce25c9c4ca0f8d22fb5d80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-21 / A indústria bancária brasileira foi transformada nas últimas décadas em meio a um fenômeno conhecido como consolidação, que marca uma concentração do mercado em poucas instituições. O objetivo do trabalho é testar empiricamente quais as causas desse processo no Brasil. As duas hipóteses testadas foram formuladas por Berger, Dick et al. (2007): a hipótese da eficiência indica que avanços tecnológicos melhoram a competitividade dos grandes em relação aos pequenos. Deste modo, os resultados dos pequenos são sacrificados por esse fator. Por outro lado, a hipótese da arrogância afirma que os administradores realizam fusões e aquisições pelos maiores bônus dos grandes conglomerados, mas as deseconomias de escala são superiores aos ganhos competitivos da tecnologia e, com o tempo, os pequenos passam a competir em vantagem. Modelos de dados em painel foram utilizados para testar se houve pressões competitivas durante o processo de consolidação. A conclusão foi de que a hipótese da eficiência explica melhor empiricamente o fenômeno brasileiro, assim como o norte-americano. A pressão para diminuição de receitas financeiras foi o fator determinante para que os bancos pequenos sofressem efeitos deletérios com o aumento do peso dos grandes na indústria. / A phenomenon known as consolidation transformed the Brazilian banking industry in the last decades and resulted in a concentration of the market in few institutions. The main objective of this dissertation is to test empirically the causes of this process. The two hypothesis were described by Berger, Dick et al. (2007). Under the efficiency hypothesis, technological progress improved the competitiveness of the large players, relative to the small, which had its profitability sacrificed. On the other hand, hubris hypothesis states that managers engaged in mergers and acquisitions as a way to earn personal advantages even though the large banks’ performances were affected by scale diseconomies. Panel data models were utilized to test if competitive pressure were important factors in the consolidation process. The conclusion was that the efficiency hypothesis was empirically dominant in the Brazilian market, as well as the findings in the United States. The pressure to reduce financial revenues was the main element that lead to the deleterious effects on the small banks as the large expanded its dominance in the industry.

This dissertation investigates the process of economic growth with heterogeneous agents from a multi-level perspective. Building upon Kaldorian and Evolutionary principles, growth is defined as a path-dependent and complex phenomenon, which requires structural variation and the interplay between demand and supply at distinct analytical levels. Two concomitant and dependent 'layers' of this process are emphasised: the supply-led 'intra-sectoral development trajectory' and the demand-led 'inter-sectoral development trajectory'. The key element in the first is the firm size, which is shown to have a non-linear influence on the process of technological change. The second layer is shown to depend on the growth of income and patterns of production and consumption reflected on the inter-sectoral composition and level of 'sophistication' of the productive structure. The key to understand divergent growth trajectories lies in the interaction between these layers and the contradictory effects imposed at each analytical level both by demand (top-down) and supply (bottom-up). The approach is both theoretical and empirical and the analysis reveals important stylised facts of growth at the firm, sector and country levels. The text is structured in four sections comprising 9 chapters. Section I introduces the theoretical foundations of the work and the limitations of Evolutionary and Kaldorian schools to explain the multi-level 'allocation problem'. Section II presents the databases and empirically assesses the influence of the (re)allocation of labour on growth at each analytical level. Section III investigates the foundations of the process of micro-meso and macro process of development. The final section proposes a unified theoretical framework to connect the multi-level evidence. The analysis reinforces the interplay between demand and supply in growth trajectories, prompting a number of original policy implications.

<p>In this dissertation I study substantially the effects of disembodied technical change on the total factor productivity and inputs demand in U.S. Apparel industry during 1958-1996. A time series input-output data set over the sector employs to estimate an error corrected model of a four-factor transcendental logarithmic cost function. The empirical results indicate technical impact on the total factor productivity at the rate of 9% on average. Technical progress has in addition a biased effect on factor augmenting in the sector.</p>

This dissertation tries to gain insight on the possible impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) in economic and social relationships. Can we really talk about a revolution?. It is probably too early to conclude so. In any case, the social impact of ICT seems evident: the daily life of most individuals, firms and public administrations in developed countries is nowadays linked to new technologies. Regarding their economic impact, this dissertation has investigated the role played by ICT in explaining some of the stylized facts that have characterized European economies over the last 25 years. Using Spanish data, chapter 1 shows that capital accumulation, and especially ICT introduction over the last 20 years, has led firms to internally reorganize themselves. Furthermore, the implemented organizational changes have been skill-biased and have, thus, stimulated the demand for high-skilled workers. Based on these results, in chapter 2 an inter-temporal general equilibrium model endogenizing the capital-skill complementarity relationship has been developed. The model distinguishes between two types of jobs, complex and simple, and two types of workers, high- and low-skilled. Complex jobs can only be occupied by high-skilled while simple jobs can be filled by both, high- and low-skilled workers. High-skilled workers in simple jobs continue to search for a job in the complex segment (on-the-job search). Matching processes are represented by matching functions à la Pissarides. Workers search intensities are endogenous. Calibrated on the Belgian economy, the model is able to reproduce the observed increase in unemployment rates and relative wage rigidity. Chapter 3 extends this theoretical setup to an endogenous growth framework, where embodied and disembodied technological progress are differentiated and endogenized through a learning-by-doing process based on capital accumulation. The new model also provides a realistic representation of the labor market and it considers growth issues. Chapter 4 analyzes the effects of technological and organizational changes within firms on the turnover of different professional categories. Empirical results, based on a unique French data set, suggest that ICT introduction increases labor flows of manual workers and employees, whereas most of the new workplace organizational practices raise the turnover of managers. / Cette dissertation cherche à déterminer le possible impact des nouvelles technologies de l'information et la communication (TIC) sur les relations économiques et sociales. Est-ce que c'est correct de parler d'une révolution ? Il est sûrement trop tôt pour en conclure. Pourtant l'impact social des TIC semble évident : la vie quotidienne des ménages, entreprises et administrations publiques dans les pays développés est aujourd'hui liée aux nouvelles technologies. Concernant son impact économique, cette dissertation a cherché à signaler leur rôle dans les faits stylisés qui ont caractérisé l'évolution des économies européennes sur les 30 dernières années. En se servant des données espagnols, le chapitre 1 montre que, sur les 20 dernières années, l'accumulation de capital, particulièrement de TIC, a mené aux entreprises a se réorganiser internement. D'ailleurs, ces changements organisationnels ont été biaisés en faveur des travailleurs qualifiés dont la demande s'est vue stimulée. En se basant sur ces résultats, le chapitre 2 développe un modèle inter-temporaire d'équilibre général endogéneisant la relation de complémentarité entre capital et travail qualifié. Le modèle distingue entre deux types de postes de travail, complexes et simple, et deux types de travailleurs, qualifiés et non qualifiés. Les postes de travail complexe peuvent être occupés seulement par les travailleurs qualifiés alors que les postes simples peuvent être occupés par les deux types de travailleurs. Les travailleurs qualifiés en postes simples continuent à chercher du travail dans le marché complexe pendant leur temps libre. Le procès de matching est représenté par des fonctions de matching à la Pissarides. Les intensités de recherche de l'emploi sont endogènes. Les modèle, calibré sur l'économie belge, reproduit de façon satisfaisante l'augmentation du chômage et la stabilité des salaires relatifs observés en Belgique pendant les dernières décades. Le chapitre 3 étend ce cadre théorique à un modèle de croissance endogène où le progrès technologique incorporé et désincorporé sont différenciés et endogèneisés à travers d'un procès de learning-by-doing fondé sur l'accumulation du capital. Le nouveau modèle fourni une représentation réaliste du marché de travail et il considère en même temps le sujet de la croissance. Le chapitre 4 analyse les effets des changements technologiques et organisationnels au sein des firmes sur les flux de travail de différentes catégories professionnelles. Les résultats empiriques, obtenus à partir d'une base de données française, suggèrent que l'introduction des TIC augmente les flux de travail des travailleurs manuels et les employés, alors que la plupart des nouvelles pratiques organisationnelles stimulent les flux de travail des cadres.

In this dissertation I study substantially the effects of disembodied technical change on the total factor productivity and inputs demand in U.S. Apparel industry during 1958-1996. A time series input-output data set over the sector employs to estimate an error corrected model of a four-factor transcendental logarithmic cost function. The empirical results indicate technical impact on the total factor productivity at the rate of 9% on average. Technical progress has in addition a biased effect on factor augmenting in the sector.