Orientador: Renato Peixoto Dagnino / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T01:58:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jesus_VanessaMariaBritode_D.pdf: 4049938 bytes, checksum: 265dfd46b6a7e420400e232b6653ed19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é analisar como uma Tecnologia Social (TS) é mediada pelo o que identificamos como uma "contradição epistemológica" entre racionalidades, isto é, uma contradição entre o modo como a política pública entende TS, como é reproduzida por agências de capacitação profissional e o como é vivenciada por agricultores familiares. Para tal, tomamos como referência o Sistema Produção Agroecológica, Integrada e Sustentável (SPAIS) que ganhou escala no período 2005 a 2012 e que alia "soluções de curto prazo em grande escala" para um problema historicamente mal resolvido no Brasil: a pobreza e êxodo rural. Esse sistema integra um conjunto de ações intersetoriais voltadas para a inclusão social produtiva e se alinha às ações previstas pelos programas do governo federal desde 2002. Partindo da percepção da pesquisadora, que compreende que esses grupos sociais são influenciados ¿ em maior ou menor grau ¿ por uma racionalidade tecnocientífica, isto é, com um modo de pensar e agir orientado pela exacerbação do valor mercantil outorgado à tecnociência, verificou-se uma contradição em torno de três categorias principais de divergência epistêmica: 1) utilização do termo tecnologia social, que no plano teórico compartilha absolutamente nada com a racionalidade tecnocientífica que orienta esta política pública, 2) o conceito de Agroecologia, que se opõe radicalmente ao modelo de desenvolvimento rural reproduzido no país e, 3) uma prática social agrícola que não se relaciona com essas perspectivas. A luz dos aportes teóricos da Abordagem Sociotécnica e Filosofia da Tecnologia, averiguamos por meio da pesquisa de campo que três aspectos interpenetraram a interação entre o técnico e os agricultores, mediando a TS: cultura como "desorganizadora" da normatização, a regionalidade como facilitadora da interação técnico/agricultor e a intersubjetividade como fator constituinte da apropriação da tecnologia pelo agricultor. Esses elementos anulam a perspectiva da pesquisadora, pois a racionalidade tecnocientífica exerce nenhuma influência sobre os agricultores, que são orientados mais pelo critério de "manutenção da vida" (alimento e saúde) do que qualquer outro critério. Ocorre o fenômeno de subversão da TS, que é ressignificada ao ponto de tornar-se uma outra tecnologia, que não a reaplicada inicialmente. Este fenômeno influi na "dissolução" da contradição epistemológica, pois, ao adentrar o mundo da vida dos agricultores, é esvaziada por processos de ressignificação e intersubjetividade, gerando códigos técnicos próprios, que permitem ao agricultor se apropriar da tecnologia, para além de qualquer tipo de "disputa" entre racionalidades / Abstract: This thesis analyzes the ways in which Social Technology (ST) is mediated by what is identified here as an "epistemological contradiction" between rationalities, that is, a contradiction between how public policy understands ST, as it is reproduced by expertise, and how ST are experienced by family-based farmers. The ST at the center of the analysis is known as "Agroecological, Integrated and Sustainable Production System" (SPAIS, in Portuguese). It combines "short-term solutions on a large scale" for a historically unresolved problem in Brazil: poverty and rural exodus. This system integrates a set of intersectoral actions in the field of productive social inclusion and aligns the actions planned by federal government programs since 2002. Assuming that social groups are influenced ¿ in varying degrees ¿ by a techno-scientific rationality, that is, a way of thinking and acting driven by the exacerbation of market values, a contradiction is established based on three main categories of epistemic divergence: 1) use of the term "social technology", which theoretically shares absolutely nothing with the techno-scientific rationality that guides this policy; 2) the concept of Agroecology, which is radically opposed to the rural development model in the country; and 3) an agricultural social practice that is not related to these perspectives. In light of the theoretical contributions of the Sociotechnical Approach (Social Construction of Technology?) and the Philosophy of Technology, the fieldwork presented here examines three aspects of the interaction between expert knowledge and the farmers: culture as the "disruption" of normalization, regionality as a facilitator of expertise/farmer interaction, and intersubjectivity as a constituent factor of the appropriation of technology by farmers. These elements evidence the way techno-scientific rationality exerts no influence on farmers, whose practices are geared more towards "sustaining life" (food and health). Additionally, the thesis identifies the way ST are subverted and re-signified. However, this phenomenon does not resolve the contradiction noted above, which is only "dissolved", since intersubjectivity allows farmers to appropriate technology through the establishment of their own "technical code" that originates from processes of re-signification of the ST as a whole / Doutorado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Doutora em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Orientador: Sandro Tonso / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T00:46:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gaspar_VitorTavares_M.pdf: 1010143 bytes, checksum: 0a8a1f34f32fbd337903e0eabb53e67c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O presente trabalho se propõe a verificar quais são as possibilidades de diálogo entre Tecnologia Social (TS) e Educação Ambiental (EA) Crítica. Partindo de um ensaio teórico sobre EA e uma revisão da bibliografia sobre TS, utilizou-se de um processo de EA realizado pelo Coletivo Educador Ambiental de Campinas (COEDUCA) para refletir sobre possibilidades de diálogo Entre TS e EA. Essa EA entende que a crise socioambiental surge devido a um modelo civilizatório gerador de exclusões e desigualdades, legitimado por formas de construir conhecimento que não dão conta de compreender a complexidade da sociedade e suas relações. Essa EA se propõe a criar espaços de diálogo nos quais pessoas se reconhecem como sujeitos políticos capazes de refletir sobre seus conflitos e buscar alternativas. A TS, por sua vez, se constitui a partir da necessidade tecnológica de empreendimentos cujos objetivos sejam a inclusão social. Pode-se entender a TS como uma tecnologia com valores adequados à produção solidária, bem como pode-se entendê-la como processos (chamados de Adequação Sociotécnica - AST) de empoderamento de atores envolvidos com produção solidária, que levam esses atores a criar suas próprias soluções tecnológicas. O diálogo entre TS e EA pode ser identificado principalmente nas seguintes formas: 1) Reconhecer que processos de EA podem contribuir com AST em empreendimentos solidários; 2) reconhecer que processos de desenvolvimento de TS podem constituir sujeitos políticos, tal qual a EA; 3) Reconhecer a TS como uma abordagem temática para processos de EA, considerando-a como um tema relevante para instrumentalizar educadores ambientais / Abstract: This work intends to investigate which are the possibilities of dialog between the fields of Critical Environmental Education (EE) and Social Technology (ST). To get these goals it was made a bibliographic research about ST and EE and an essay analyzing the dialog between EE and ST having as a background the observation of an environmental educators training process. This EE understands that the environmental crisis is a consequence of a civilizatory model that generates social inequality and exclusion and legitimate itself using a way to build knowledge that doesn't understand the complexity of social and environmental relationships. This EE seeks to create dialogue places which people can recognize themselves as being capable to understand their problems and create solutions concerning these problems. The ST seeks to make possible, for people on solidary production processes, to produce with collective values and, for this, it proposes that only a technology with these values can make it work properly and bring social inclusion. The ST can be understood in two ways, as an adequate technology to produce with solidary values, or as all the processes in which the users of technology are empowered and starts to recognize themselves as being to capable of build their own technology as their production process demand (this process of creating ST is named Sociotechnical Adequation - STA). The dialog between ST an EE can be mostly identified in three forms: 1) Recognizing that EE processes can contribute with STA in solidary works; 2) Recognizing that the process of development of ST can lead to social emancipation, as EE does; 3) Recognizing the ST as a thematic approach on EE processes / Mestrado / Tecnologia e Inovação / Mestre em Tecnologia

Orientadores: Maria Conceição da Costa, Rafael de Brito Dias / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T19:16:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vicente_AlexandreMeloni_M.pdf: 2230181 bytes, checksum: ba205559be02d6ac3b4e95bacd04c731 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A disseminação, principalmente a partir da década de 1970 nos países desenvolvidos do ocidente, de procedimentos participativos em diversas áreas, pautados na ideia de amplo engajamento dos cidadãos nos assuntos de interesse da coletividade, e em movimentos de pluralismo e democracia direta minou o modelo tradicional de governança onde os políticos eleitos, com a ajuda de experts reconhecidos, decidem as ações políticas sem maior interferência do público. O lugar da ciência na sociedade se torna cada vez mais problemático. A confiança pública no progresso da ciência e da tecnologia decresce, enquanto as preocupações sobre suas consequências crescem. A própria natureza da sociedade democrática demanda, deste modo, que a Ciência e sua influência estejam sujeitos a rigorosos processos de diálogo e crítica, e as controvérsias em ciência e tecnologia são cada vez mais reconhecidas como questões éticas e morais, e não somente técnicas. É o caso da experimentação animal, tema central deste trabalho. A partir do referencial teórico dos Estudos Sociais da Ciência e Tecnologia, em especial das noções de core set e participação pública, é feita uma análise da legislação do Estado de São Paulo sobre a experimentação animal, visando clarificar quais grupos tiveram seus interesses e reivindicações atendidos, e quais foram ignorados. O estudo serve de base para as considerações teóricas sobre o core set da controvérsia, abordando aspectos como a relação entre a comunidade científica, a camada política e o público leigo, a autoridade da ciência e as estratégias para inclusão/exclusão de grupos. Foi possível concluir que, apesar da diminuição da confiança pública no progresso da ciência e tecnologia, do enfraquecimento da credibilidade da opinião dos experts cientistas e dos crescentes questionamentos sobre as consequências físicas, sociais, éticas e morais da prática científica, a ciência ainda desempenha um papel central na resolução de controvérsias, e a comunidade científica ocupa um lugar privilegiado dentro do core set. Embora o diálogo com membros da sociedade civil seja necessário, a credibilidade e o status social privilegiado dos experts os possibilitam moldar o núcleo decisório de acordo com seus interesses, excluindo os grupos contrários à experimentação animal, e incluindo aqueles de ideologia moderada; mantendo, deste modo, um estável controle sobre a agenda de pesquisa / Abstract: The dissemination, mainly from the 1970s in Western developed countries, of participatory procedures in several areas, guided by the idea of broad citizen engagement on issues of interest to the community, and movements of direct democracy and pluralism, has undermined the traditional governance model where elected politicians, with the help of recognized experts, decide the political actions without interference from the public. The place of science in society becomes increasingly problematic. Public confidence in the progress of science and technology decreases as concerns grow about its consequences. The very nature of a democratic society demands thus that science and its influence are subject to rigorous review and dialogue processes, and controversies in science and technology are increasingly recognized as ethical and moral issues, not just technical. It is the case of animal experimentation, the central issue of this work. Using the theoretical framework of Social Studies of Science and Technology, particularly the concepts of core set and public participation, the work analyses the law of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, about animal experimentation, aiming to clarify which groups had their interests and demands met, and which were ignored. The study serves as basis for theoretical considerations on the core set of the controversy, addressing issues such as the relationship between the scientific community, the lay public and the policy layer, the authority of science and the strategies for inclusion/exclusion of groups. It was possible to conclude that, despite the decline of public confidence in the progress of science and technology, the weakening in the credibility of the expert's opinions, and the growing doubts about the physical, social, moral and ethical consequences of scientific practice, science still plays a central role in the resolution of controversies, and the scientific community occupies a privileged place within the core set. Although the dialogue with members of the civil society is necessary, the expert's credibility and privileged social status allows the scientific community to shape the core set according to its interests, excluding groups opposed to animal experimentation, and including those of moderate ideology; keeping thus a stable control over the research agenda / Mestrado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

"Ich werde ganz einfach telegraphieren" — Subjekte, Telegraphie, Autonomie und Fortschritt in Theodor Fontanes Gesellschaftsromanen Electronic media influence our thoughts and behaviours. Our present situation resembles that of the industrial world in the late nineteenth century, when electrical telegraphy, the precursor of today's media technologies, gained a dominant position in telecommunications. In our day, conditioning prevents us from reaching a deeper understanding of our relationship to technical media. Because electrical media were still new in the late nineteenth century, observers then were more readily able to analyse their effects and to recognize potentials of subjects in their accounts. In Germany the writer Theodor Fontane demonstrated through depictions in his late novels of society that, by reflecting on the nature of the self and its relation to telegraphy and concomitant ideologies, subjects have the capacity to become aware not only of factors that control them, but also of their autonomous potentials. This consciousness provides the basis for their self-empowerment in the use of telegraphy. However, because Fontane critically depicts Wilhelminian society, his protagonists only attain this level of Consciousness in isolated instances. Its realisation is continuously achieved through Fontane's narrative depiction and its reconstruction by the readers. The image of the subject and its potentials that emerges in this reconstruction provides valuable insights applicable also to evaluations of our present media involvement. Contrary to a wide-spread belief as to subjects'powerlessness and insignificance, our findings imply that the position of subjects in relation to media can be described more positively. Fontane's depiction is concentrated in three identifiable areas, in which the conjunction of telegraphy and ideology exerts a controlling influence on subjects. In accordance with this focus our study examines the views of nature and technology as fateful forces, the alteration of time- and space experiences, and the construction of German, foreign and technical cultures. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

This qualitative study explored the effects of intercultural differences on technology transfer interventions. More specifically, the emphasis was on key differences between the worldviews of change agents and clients that impact such change agentry attempts. Utilizing frameworks taken from intercultural relations, change agentry, and diffusion of innovations research, the study examined a single case of change agentry-the distribution of cookstoves to a rural community in Peru-in an attempt to answer the following question: How do intercultural differences help shape the results of change agentry interventions in technology transfer attempts? The focus of this study was the distribution of "improved cookstoves" in rural Andean, Peru, by a rural aid organization based at a university in Lima, Peru. Individuals from both the aid organization and the community were interviewed regarding their experience, including the engineering and technical team responsible for diffusing the technology, as well as community members who adopted the technology, others who did not, and a third group trained by the aid organization to be local "experts" in the use of cookstoves. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationships between change agents and client recipients by contributing a,n intercultural perspective to discussions of the diffusion of innovations and development interventions.

A Research Report submitted at the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master Arts in International Relations Johannesburg, 2019 / Existing frameworks that seek to respond to the challenge of preventing and managing electoral violence often omit technology as a relevant factor. Yet there is resounding proof that technology has wielded a sizeable amount of influence in shaping voter behaviour and perceptions, mobilising support, lobbying and ultimately influencing electoral outcomes. The utilisation of technology is evidenced by many examples; such as the use of biometrics to register and identify voters, the establishment of situation rooms and drones that collect data in real time, campaigns messages that are sent via text messages, video footage, radio, internet and bots that are used to collect and transmit information. The main problem that this study seeks to interrogate is the bi-directional outcomes generated by the use of ICTs in elections. There are cases where ICTs have been deployed to ferment violence, whilst ICTs have also proven to be useful in preventing electoral violence. Therefore, there is a need for research that assesses how ICTs can be better harnessed as a tool for the prevention and reduction of electoral violence in Africa. Notably, by exploring the use of ICTs by actors in Kenya’s 2007, 2013 and 2017 elections, the study posits that collaboration and responsible use are key in the prevention of electoral violence. Moreover, the study highlights that the use of new ICTs in elections is important in the growing discourse about defining the parameters of electoral integrity. / NG (2020)

Bibliography: leaves 47-53. / The "new" reproductive technologies (NRTs) have gathered substantial momentum in recent years. 'Psychological' discourse on these techniques has tended towards uncritical preoccupation with intra-individual, constitutional factors, and has ignored the sociocultural, political and economic contexts of these practices. Within an inter-disciplinary, social-constructionist framework, this study presents a feminist critique of the NRTs in which they are argued to be biopsychosocially noxious to women. Modern biomedicine's appropriation and ownership of infertility as "disease" is argued to be consistent with the agendas of capitalism and patriarchy. Results of fieldwork within a particular medical setting are presented to develop a hermeneutic of the discursive interface between medical gatekeepers and the applicant 'patients' with whom they negotiate treatment. In a concluding section a dominant theme in gatekeepers' talk, "the well-being of the child", is ideologically analyzed; women-centered strategies are briefly discussed; and implications for the interface between psychology and reproductive technology are drawn.

No description available.