Este trabalho tem como objeto a compreensão do lugar da empatia na técnica psicanalítica. Acompanhando a discussão realizada por Freud e por Ferenczi a respeito desse tema, originado de um debate sobre o ocultismo foi possível observar como, apesar de não receber destaque nas recomendações técnicas dos anos 1915 e não fazer parte do hall clássico da teoria da técnica a empatia veio a se tornar um assunto importante a ambos os autores e presente de inúmeras formas sutis dentro de suas recomendações. Assim, a partir de uma primeira questão referente a forma como cada um dos autores compreendia o papel da empatia, lançou-se a hipótese de que a prerrogativa da empatia, já estava presente desde o começo da prática clínica, vindo em seguida a se tornar um fenômeno produtor de uma ética balizada na elasticidade e na modificação do dispositivo interpretativo, fundamentalmente submetida ao tato. Pretendeu-se com a inquietação a respeito de qual deveria ser seu lugar, atribui-lo a categoria operacional de uma ferramenta norteadora da conduta clínica. A estratégia adotada para analisar os elementos que se evidenciaram através do levantamento bibliográfico de diversos textos dos autores, assim como de sua correspondência pessoal foi a de matizar suas posturas, evitando dicotomizações superficiais. Encontrou-se como um resultado da investigação um lugar de manejo para a empatia através de uma prática voltada à circulação de afetos e submetida a autorização, convicção e ao tato. Contudo, apesar de o fundamental da experiência empática ser o compartilhar afetivo, percebe-se como a implicação do analista é um elemento complexo e trabalhado de forma diferente pelos autores. Portanto, estando de posse da opinião de uma filiação paradoxal entre Freud e Ferenczi, procurou-se integrar as intenções clínicas de Ferenczi para conceituar um tipo de conduta com a transferência afinada a uma ética da empatia; uma nova técnica de perspectivas estéticas / The understanding of empathy\'s role in psychoanytical techinique is the object if this essay. Following the discussion undertaken by Freud and Ferenczi, which originated from a debate on ocultism, it was posible to observe that the subject became paramount for both authors and subtly present in their recommendations, albeit not warranting any highlight in 1915\'s technical recommendations nor being part of technical theory. Therefore, arising from the initial inquiry of how each author understood the role of empathy, a hypothesis was created on empathy as a phenomenon creator of an ethics based on elasticity and alteration of the interpretative mechanism, fundamentally submitted to tact, even though empathy existed ever since the beginning of clinical practice. The intent was to use the uncertainty as to where it\'s place should be and allocate it in the functional/operational category of a tool to guide clinical conduct. The strategy adopted to analyze the elements which became evident during the research of several written works from the authors, as well as personal correspondence, was to qualify their positions, avoiding superficial dichotomy. This investigation resulted in the discovery of a place of drive for empathy through a practice open to the circulation of affections and submitted to authorization, conviction and tact. However, despite exchange of affection being the cornerstone of the empatic experience, one realizes how the implication of the analist is a complex subject, developed differently by the authors. Therefore, with the opinion that the membership of Freud and Ferenczi is paradoxical, one strived to integrate Ferenczi\'s clinical intentions to conceive a type of conduction with transfer in sync with an ethics of empathy, a new technique of aesthetical perspectives

Práce se zabývá možnostmi implementace VoIP do existujícího XMPP programu se sdílenou tabulí. Analyzuje možnosti využití současných technologií pro podporu VoIP.  Cílem je nahrazení stávajících komunikačních knihoven klienta za telepathy. Dále také přidání VoIP.

The problems we study in this thesis arise in computer science, extremal set theory and quantum computing. The first common feature of these problems is that each can be reduced to characterizing the independent sets of maximum size in a suitable graph. A second common feature is that the size of these independent sets meets an eigenvalue bound due to Delsarte and Hoffman. Thirdly, the graphs that arise belong to association schemes that have already been studied in other contexts. Our first problem involves covering arrays on graphs, which arises in computer science. The goal is to find a smallest covering array on a given graph <i>G</i>. It is known that this is equivalent to determining whether <i>G</i> has a homomorphism into a <i>covering array graph</i>, <i>CAG(n,g)</i>. Thus our question: Are covering array graphs cores? A covering array graph has as vertex set the partitions of <i>{1,. . . ,n}</i> into <i>g</i> cells each of size at least <i>g</i>, with two vertices being adjacent if their meet has size <i>g²</i>. We determine that <i>CAG(9,3)</i> is a core. We also determine some partial results on the family of graphs <i>CAG(g²,g)</i>. The key to our method is characterizing the independent sets that meet the Delsarte-Hoffman bound---we call these sets <i>ratio-tight</i>. It turns out that <i>CAG(9,3)</i> sits inside an association scheme, which will be useful but apparently not essential. We then turn our attention to our next problem: the Erdos-Ko-Rado theorem and its <i>q</i>-analogue. We are motivated by a desire to find a unifying proof that will cover both versions. The EKR theorem gives the maximum number of pairwise disjoint <i>k</i>-sets of a fixed <i>v</i>-set, and characterizes the extremal cases. Its <i>q</i>-analogue does the same for <i>k</i>-dimensional subspaces of a fixed <i>v</i>-dimensional space over <i>GF(q)</i>. We find that the methods we developed for covering array graphs apply to the EKR theorem. Moreover, unlike most other proofs of EKR, our argument applies equally well to the <i>q</i>-analogue. We provide a proof of the characterization of the extremal cases for the <i>q</i>-analogue when <i>v=2k</i>; no such proof has appeared before. Again, the graphs we consider sit inside of well-known association schemes; this time the schemes play a more central role. Finally, we deal with the problem in quantum computing. There are tasks that can be performed using quantum entanglement yet apparently are beyond the reach of methods using classical physics only. One particular task can be solved classically if and only if the graph &Omega;(<i>n</i>) has chromatic number <i>n</i>. The graph &Omega;(<i>n</i>) has as vertex set the set of all <i>?? 1</i> vectors of length <i>n</i>, with two vertices adjacent if they are orthogonal. We find that <i>n</i> is a trivial upper bound on the chromatic number, and that this bound holds with equality if and only if the Delsarte-Hoffman bound on independent sets does too. We are thus led to characterize the ratio-tight independent sets. We are then able to leverage our result using a recursive argument to show that <i>&chi;</i>(&Omega;(<i>n</i>)) > <i>n</i> for all <i>n</i> > 8. It is notable that the reduction to independent sets, the characterization of ratio-tight sets, and the recursive argument all follow from different proofs of the Delsarte-Hoffman bound. Furthermore, &Omega;(<i>n</i>) also sits inside a well-known association scheme, which again plays a central role in our approach.

The presented thesis deals with examing of telepathy, "extrasensory perception" and anomalous cognition phenomenons. In the first part of the thesis, theoretical background of problem is presented, particularly in historical, terminological and metodological sense. This part involves viewing of this discipline from "classic science" perspective and also deals with confrontation with contemporary scientific (especially physical) paradigms. Evaluation of cognitive and information theory aspects of "extra sensory communication" and related criticism of current terminology and paradigm are also included in this part. Second part of thesis is devoted to my experiment conducted on VŠE as a practical part of my thesis. The experiment was a replication of Multimodal Ganzfeld Experiment (Pütz et al., 2007) aimed to revalidate it's results and extend our knowledge about this anomalous phenomena. Experimental method, comparable works and design of my variant of experiment are presented here, as well as validating methodology and results. As a part of conclusion, results' interpretation, possible criticism and also discussion about alternative interpretations are provided. Third part of a work shortly presents AutoGanzfeld WebApp software, deisgned, implemented and used for purpose of data collection in my experiment. Keywords: telepathy, ESP, psi, extrasensory perception, ganzfeld, anomalous cognition, communication, information

The problems we study in this thesis arise in computer science, extremal set theory and quantum computing. The first common feature of these problems is that each can be reduced to characterizing the independent sets of maximum size in a suitable graph. A second common feature is that the size of these independent sets meets an eigenvalue bound due to Delsarte and Hoffman. Thirdly, the graphs that arise belong to association schemes that have already been studied in other contexts. Our first problem involves covering arrays on graphs, which arises in computer science. The goal is to find a smallest covering array on a given graph <i>G</i>. It is known that this is equivalent to determining whether <i>G</i> has a homomorphism into a <i>covering array graph</i>, <i>CAG(n,g)</i>. Thus our question: Are covering array graphs cores? A covering array graph has as vertex set the partitions of <i>{1,. . . ,n}</i> into <i>g</i> cells each of size at least <i>g</i>, with two vertices being adjacent if their meet has size <i>g²</i>. We determine that <i>CAG(9,3)</i> is a core. We also determine some partial results on the family of graphs <i>CAG(g²,g)</i>. The key to our method is characterizing the independent sets that meet the Delsarte-Hoffman bound---we call these sets <i>ratio-tight</i>. It turns out that <i>CAG(9,3)</i> sits inside an association scheme, which will be useful but apparently not essential. We then turn our attention to our next problem: the Erdos-Ko-Rado theorem and its <i>q</i>-analogue. We are motivated by a desire to find a unifying proof that will cover both versions. The EKR theorem gives the maximum number of pairwise disjoint <i>k</i>-sets of a fixed <i>v</i>-set, and characterizes the extremal cases. Its <i>q</i>-analogue does the same for <i>k</i>-dimensional subspaces of a fixed <i>v</i>-dimensional space over <i>GF(q)</i>. We find that the methods we developed for covering array graphs apply to the EKR theorem. Moreover, unlike most other proofs of EKR, our argument applies equally well to the <i>q</i>-analogue. We provide a proof of the characterization of the extremal cases for the <i>q</i>-analogue when <i>v=2k</i>; no such proof has appeared before. Again, the graphs we consider sit inside of well-known association schemes; this time the schemes play a more central role. Finally, we deal with the problem in quantum computing. There are tasks that can be performed using quantum entanglement yet apparently are beyond the reach of methods using classical physics only. One particular task can be solved classically if and only if the graph &Omega;(<i>n</i>) has chromatic number <i>n</i>. The graph &Omega;(<i>n</i>) has as vertex set the set of all <i>± 1</i> vectors of length <i>n</i>, with two vertices adjacent if they are orthogonal. We find that <i>n</i> is a trivial upper bound on the chromatic number, and that this bound holds with equality if and only if the Delsarte-Hoffman bound on independent sets does too. We are thus led to characterize the ratio-tight independent sets. We are then able to leverage our result using a recursive argument to show that <i>&chi;</i>(&Omega;(<i>n</i>)) > <i>n</i> for all <i>n</i> > 8. It is notable that the reduction to independent sets, the characterization of ratio-tight sets, and the recursive argument all follow from different proofs of the Delsarte-Hoffman bound. Furthermore, &Omega;(<i>n</i>) also sits inside a well-known association scheme, which again plays a central role in our approach.

Ce travail de thèse, effectué en co-direction avec l’Université d’Edimbourg, propose un abord psychodynamique et cognitif des expériences exceptionnelles ou vécues comme « paranormales ». Son objectif principal est de comprendre les conditions d’émergence de cette clinique des marges et de déterminer les processus psychiques qui la sous-tendent. Après avoir proposé une revue historique et épistémologique des travaux portant sur ces expériences, analysant en particulier les écrits de Freud et Ferenczi, nous avons déterminé leurs caractéristiques principales en nous appuyant sur une revue de littérature provenant de la psychologie psychanalytique et de la psychologie cognitive. Puis, par le biais d’une recherche quantitative menée à l’Université d’Edimbourg comprenant un questionnaire et une tâche expérimentale utilisés lors de deux études successives concernant 162 sujets, nous avons mis en évidence la prégnance des traumas, d’une perméabilité psychique exacerbée et d’évènements de vie négatifs chez les personnes qui rapportent des expériences exceptionnelles. Nous avons alors proposé cinq hypothèses théorico-cliniques, en nous appuyant sur l’étude de 55 cas cliniques recueillis principalement au sein d’un service de consultation dédié aux personnes rapportant des expériences exceptionnelles et mis en place pour cette thèse. Les analyses développées dans ce travail proposent un « modèle intégratif clinique des expériences exceptionnelles ». Celui-ci met tout d’abord en évidence le fait que ces vécus inhabituels pourraient être considérés comme une forme de réaction spécifique à des évènements de vie négatifs sous la forme d’une « solution paranormale » se produisant, dans de nombreux cas, à la suite d’une « expérience paranormale inaugurale ». Cette solution, qui trouverait notamment ses sources dans certaines relations précoces et divers traumas de l’enfance, mènerait à une perméabilité psychique exacerbée. Cette perméabilité favoriserait l’émergence d’expériences exceptionnelles à l’âge adulte sous forme de différentes transmissions psychiques inconscientes.Ces expériences correspondraient également à l’effraction du cadre contenant du champ hallucinatoire, cet aspect étant modulé selon différents états modifiés de conscience et plus précisément des processus hypnoïdes. Elle seraient enfin à considérer comme la résurgence d’une « communication primaire », impliquant des caractéristiques de la symbolisation primaire et interrogeant plus généralement leurs aspects potentiellement symboligènes ainsi que la nature des interactions qu’elles impliquent. / This dissertation, conducted in co-direction with Edinburgh University, proposes a psychodynamic and cognitive approach towards exceptional experiences or subjective “paranormal” experiences. The main objective is to understand the conditions of emergence of these original clinical experiences, and to determine the psychological processes that underlie them. After a historical and epistemological review of work on these experiences, analysing in particular the writings of Freud and Ferenczi, we determine the main characteristics by relying on a literature review from psychoanalytical psychology and cognitive psychology. Then, due to quantitative research carried out at Edinburgh University, including a questionnaire and an experimental task used during two successive studies (n=162), we show the importance of traumas, psychological permeability and negative life events in people who report exceptional experiences. We then propose five theoretical and clinical hypotheses, from 55 clinical cases obtained mainly through a counselling service dedicated to people reporting exceptional experiences, which was set up for this PhD. The analyses developed in this work propose an “integrative and clinical model of exceptional experiences”. This model first sheds light on the fact that these unusual experiences could be considered as a specific form of reaction to negative life events, as a “paranormal solution” that occurs, in a number of cases, after an “inaugural paranormal experience”. This solution, which finds its roots in certain early relationships and different traumas from childhood, could lead to a strong psychological permeability. This permeability would favour the emergence of exceptional experiences during adulthood in different forms of unconscious psychological transmissions. These experiences could also correspond to the “breaking” of the containing hallucinatory field, with the influence of different altered states of consciousness, and more precisely hypnotic states. Finally, these experiences could be considered as the resurgence of a “primary communication” that would implicate characteristics of primary symbolisation and would question more generally their potentially positive aspect and the nature of the interactions they imply.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The existing world is becoming more disrupted and is falling apart. For its resurrection and restoration, a new way of thinking is necessary. This new type of thinking is needed to be able to open up its mind and to think about the process of thinking itself; it must understand what is happening in other systems, where processes seem to be taking place by themselves without any other visible interference. First Chaos is the title for an intermedia installation which contains 90 black and white photographs, both digital and analogue, all of which were taken between the years 2008 and 2012. Together, the photographs create one coherent piece – a kind of sculpture. They can evoke a "still film" with a non-linear, cyclical storyline, whilst the images can simultaneously function individually, without any connection to other photographs.