International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1992 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / The Edwards Digital Switch (EDS) is a digital communication system that provides advanced voice networking capabilities to the Edwards Test Range. The EDS is a member of a new family of all-digital switching systems that internally handle data in digital form. To accommodate analog voice and data circuits, conversions between analog and digital formats occur at the system interfaces. The EDS consists of six groups of configuration items: System-level control and monitoring is centralized in the Control and Display Subsystem. Workstations provide subsystem-level control and monitoring. The Central Switching Subsystem, as the primary interface with the range environment, provides system connectivity to radios, telephone circuits, and communications links to other facilities. It integrates the EDS with links to the Control Room Switching Subsystems. Each Control Room Switching Subsystem connects individual user stations within a Mission Control Room or other localized area. The user equipment element consists of a Subscriber Terminal Unit, Channel Expander, and interface panels for headsets, foot switches, and speakers. The Remote Radio Control Unit optimizes usage of available frequencies, allowing control of tunable radios from the Control and Display Subsystem. *The original name, Edwards Communication Switching System (ECSS) was changed to Edwards Digital Switch (EDS) in 1990. The Site Selection Unit facilitates the handover of voice communications between receiver sites when a long-range test is monitored. The system architecture is based on a central system-level control element, a central switch, multiple subsystem-level control elements, multiple subsystem switches, and end-equipment items that are interconnected through the switch network. The EDS combines multiple voice communications applications in a single system. The system is being expanded to integrate voice and data switching. Its major function is support of multiparty networked voice communications within Mission Control Rooms and between other test participants. Other voice functions are an intercom capability including both Direct Access (hot line) and Indirect Access (dial-up), subscriber loop connections to the base-level telephone exchange, and the Public Switched Network System. Digital interfaces allow integration of ciphertext data and Time Space Position Information data switching functions. A system based on the EDS design has also been installed by the Air Force at Eglin AFB. Engineering studies for systems that make use of the EDS design are currently underway by the Navy at China Lake and the Army at White Sands Missile Range. The EDS project office has actively pursued promising program management concepts such as: specifying nondevelopmental items, requiring industry standard interconnectivity and interoperability, and using a multiyear fixed-price requirements-type contract to encourage multiservice participation.

Thesis (M. Tech. Engineering: Electrical--Vaal University of Technology. / This dissertation discusses the design and implementation of a voice over internet protocol system for the multi-user enterprise. It is limited to small to medium enterprises of which the Vaal University of Technology is an example. Voice communications over existing Internet protocol networks are governed by standards, and to develop such a system it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of these standards. Two such standards namely the International Telecommunications Unions H.323 and the Internet Engineering Task Force's SIP were evaluated and compared to each other in terms of their complexity, extensibility and scalability as well as the services they offer. Based on these criteria it was decided to implement a SIP system. A SIP network consists of application software that act as clients and servers, as well as hardware components such as a proxy and redirect and registrar or location servers that allow users of this network to call each other on the data network. Gateways enable users of the network to call regular public switched telephone network numbers. A test network was set up in the laboratory that contained all the hardware and software components. This was done to understand the installation and configuration options of the different software components and to determine the suitability and interoperability of the software components. This network was then migrated to the network of the Vaal University of Technology which allowed selected users to test and use it. Bandwidth use is a major point of contention, and calculations and measurements showed that the codec being used during the voice call is the determining factor. This SIP system is being used on a daily basis and the users report excellent audio quality between soft phones and soft phones, soft phones and normal telephones and even cellular phones.

Trata-se de um estudo observacional, longitudinal, comparativo do tipo antes e depois com abordagem quantitativa que teve como objetivo analisar a competência da pessoa com diabetes mellitus para realizar o processo de aplicação de insulina, antes e após o acompanhamento por telefone. O estudo foi realizado em um centro de saúde escola do interior paulista. Participaram do estudo 26 pessoas com diabetes mellitus cadastradas no programa de automonitorização da glicemia capilar no domicílio. A coleta de dados ocorreu em três fases, de janeiro a fevereiro de 2010, no período de 30 dias para cada pessoa, através de entrevista semiestruturada, norteadas pelo instrumento de coleta de dados e o manual de intervenção. Na primeira fase era realizado o primeiro contato telefônico para a obtenção do consentimento do sujeito em participar do estudo, e em seguida, a aplicação do instrumento de coleta de dados para a avaliação da competência inicial. Na segunda fase era realizada a abordagem educativa em duas ligações telefônicas e na terceira fase foi realizada a avaliação da competência final. Na análise dos dados utilizou-se o software Statistical Analysis System SAS® 9.0, utilizando a PROC GLM, onde foi proposto a metodologia de análise da variância, com distribuição normal com média 0 e variância constante e o Teste de McNemar. O nível de significância estatístico adotado foi de 5% (p<0,05). Das 26 (100%) pessoas entrevistadas, 80,7% eram do sexo feminino, 69,2% casadas, 23% tinham até o primeiro grau incompleto, 34,6% do lar e 65,3% encontravam-se na faixa etária entre 50 a 59 anos. Em relação às variáveis clínicas: 12(46,15%) pessoas apresentaram tempo de diagnóstico entre 11 a 20 anos e 11(42,30%) tempo de uso de insulina <=5anos. Com relação às variáveis antropométricas, para o peso, altura e IMC, a média±dp foi de 78,81±16,17, 159,69±7,92 e 30,62±7,88. Em relação à análise da competência da pessoa com DM, 38(100%) questões eram referentes ao processo de aplicação de insulina. Dessas, o acompanhamento por telefone demonstrou-se eficiente em 30(78,9%) questões, pois em 19(50%) questões a intervenção foi estatisticamente significante (p<0,05), em 11(28,9%) não houve erros nas respostas das pessoas com diabetes mellitus na competência final e 7(18,4%) não eram passíveis de intervenção. Conclui-se que, o acompanhamento por telefone foi efetivo como estratégia de intervenção de enfermagem no processo de aplicação de insulina no domicílio. Nessa direção, apontamos a necessidade do uso mais abrangente dessa estratégia na atenção a pessoas com diabetes mellitus, bem como estudos futuros utilizando-se dessa ferramenta no acompanhamento de diversas condições crônicas. / This observational, longitudinal, quantitative, comparative, before and after study aimed to analyze the competence of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) to carry out the process of insulin application, before and after telephone follow-up. The study was carried out at a School Health Center in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Participants were 26 patients with diabetes mellitus registered in the Capillary Glucose Self-Monitoring Program at home. Data collection occurred at three stages, between January and February 2010, in a period of 30 days for each participant, through semi-structured interview, guided by data collection instrument and intervention guidebook. At the first stage, the first telephone contact was made with subjects to obtain their consent to participate in the study, as well as application of the data collection instrument for initial competency assessment. At the second stage, educational approach was done through two telephone calls and at the third stage final competency assessment was done. The software Statistical Analysis System SAS® 9.0, with PROC GLM, was used for analysis of variance, with normal distribution with average 0 and constant variation, and McNemar\'s Test. The level of statistical significance adopted was 5% (p<0.05). Of the 26 (100%) interviewed participants, 80.7% were female, 69.2% married, 23% had incomplete primary education, 34.6% were housewives and 65.3% were aged 50 to 59 years. As to the clinical variables: 12 (46.15%) participants presented time of diagnosis between 11 and 20 years and 11 (42.30%) time of use of insulin <=5 years. As to the anthropometric variables, averages ± standard deviation for weight, height and BMI (Body Mass Index) were 78.81±16.17, 159.69±7.92 and 30.62±7.88, respectively. Regarding the analysis of competency of people with DM, 38 (100%) questions addressed the process of insulin application. Of those, telephone follow-up was verified to be efficient in 30 (78.9%) questions, once in 19 (50%) questions the intervention was statistically significant (p<0.05), in 11 (28.9%) there were no mistakes in answers of people with diabetes mellitus in the final competency and 7 (18.4%) were not subject to intervention. It is concluded that telephone follow-up was effective as a nursing intervention strategy in the process of home insulin application. Thus, the need of a wider use of this strategy in care to people with diabetes mellitus, as well as future studies using this tool in follow-up of several chronic conditions is evidenced.

Objetivos: Estudar as possibilidades de uso de cadastros de linhas telefônicas residenciais para implementação de inquéritos por amostragem. Descrever presença de vícios potenciais, associados às taxas de coberturas de LTR, nas principais variáveis que usualmente compõem o núcleo de informações de inquéritos epidemiológicos. Métodos: Com base nos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) no período de 1998 a 2003, exceto 2000, foram estimadas por intervalo de confiança de 95%, as médias e proporções. Nas análises dos dados considerou-se o plano de amostragem complexa. Resultados: No Brasil, houve um crescimento de 50% dos domicílios atendidos por LTR, no período. No entanto, essa evolução não ocorreu de forma uniforme no Brasil. Foram identificados diferentes perfis de usuários de LTR, sendo as principais características relacionadas com a escolaridade, a raça, a posse de um plano de saúde e a localização geográfica. Nas regiões com baixa cobertura de LTR podem ocorrer vícios nas estimativas de prevalências de doenças crônicas. Conclusão: O uso das linhas telefônicas residencias para a realização das entrevistas em inquéritos epidemiológicos mostrou-se viável para as unidades de federação com taxas de cobertura de LTR acima de 70%. / Objectives: To study the possibilities to use sampling frame of telephone interview the implementation of survey sampling. To describe the presence of potential biases associated to with coverage rates of telephone surveys in the main variables that usually compose the information core of epidemiological investigations. Methods: From database of the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) in the period between 1998 and 2003, except for 2000, the averages and proportions were estimated by a 95% confidence interval. In the statistics analysis , the complex sampling plan was considered. Results: In Brazil, it has been there was a 50% increase in the households served by telephone, during the studied period. However, this evolution did not occur in a uniform way. Different profiles of telephone users were identified, and the main characteristics were related to education, race, the health plans and the geographic location. The regions with low telephone coverage may introduce bias on the estimates of prevalence of chronic diseases. Conclusion: The use of telephone survey for the conduction of interviews during epidemiologic investigations could be suitable to be feasible for the federal units with coverage rates above 70%.

Trata-se de um ensaio clínico pragmático, com o objetivo de verificar a efetividade das intervenções de suporte telefônico e do envio de carta com resultados de exames laboratoriais no controle metabólico de pessoas com diabetes mellitus atendidas no Distrito Oeste de Saúde do município de Ribeirão Preto-SP, em 2014. A amostra foi constituída por 63 pessoas que foram alocados em dois grupos, intitulados G1 e G2. O G1, composto por 36 pessoas receberam uma ligação semanal durante os quatro meses de sua participação no estudo, totalizando 16 ligações com conteúdo direcionado através de um manual de intervenção previamente construído pela pesquisadora. O G2, composto por 27 pessoas, além do cuidado usual receberam uma carta com os seus resultados dos exames laboratoriais. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados dois questionários. O primeiro questionário continha 10 questões para classificação de sexo, idade, estado civil, religião, escolaridade, renda familiar, ocupação, tempo de diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus, tratamento utilizado para controle do diabetes mellitus e co-morbidades. O segundo com 13 itens que correspondiam as medidas de altura, peso, índice de massa corpórea, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, circunferência abdominal, glicemia de jejum, lipoproteína de baixa densidade, lipoproteína de alta densidade, triglicerídeo, colesterol total, hemoglobina glicada e creatinina plasmática. Os dados foram coletados no início (P0) e após 4 meses de intervenção (P4) em ambos os grupos. Para análise, utilizou-se estatística descritiva, teste t-Student e o modelo de efeitos mistos. Os resultados mostraram que em ambos os grupos houve o predomínio da participação de mulheres, idade média de 63 anos, casados, aposentados, 7 anos de escolaridade e com renda familiar entre 1 e 3 salários mínimos. Para G1, o tempo de diagnóstico do diabetes predominante foi de 11 a 20 anos e em G2 de 6 a 10 anos. Em relação às co-morbidades, ambos em sua maioria referiram ser hipertensos e optar pelo tratamento medicamentoso, através do uso de antidiabéticos orais e insulina. No que se refere às variáveis clínicas relacionadas ao controle metabólico, o G1 apresentou redução dos valores do índice de massa corpórea, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, glicemia de jejum, colesterol total, triglicerídeo e hemoglobina glicada. Para as variáveis pressão arterial sistólica, pressão arterial diastólica e glicemia de jejum, obtiveram-se reduções estatisticamente significantes (p&lt;0,05). No G2 observou-se redução nos valores do índice de massa corpórea, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, glicemia de jejum, lipoproteína de baixa densidade, colesterol total e triglicerídeo. Porém, nenhum resultado apresentou evidências estatísticas significativas. O uso do suporte telefônico como estratégia de intervenção mostrou-se uma ferramenta importante para o incremento na atenção a pessoas em condições crônicas, em especial para o controle metabólico de pessoas com diabetes mellitus. / A pragmatic clinical trial was undertaken to verify the efficacy of telephone support interventions and the sending of a letter with laboratory results on the metabolic control of diabetes mellitus patients attended in the Western Health District of the city of Ribeirão Preto-SP, in 2014. Among the 1298 persons who receive insulin and were registered in the Farmanet system, 63 persons were invited by telephone and participated in the study. They were allocated in two groups, called G1 and G2. G1 included 36 persons who received a weekly call during the four months of their participation in the study, totaling 16 calls whose content was directed by an intervention manual the researcher has elaborated in advance. G2, with 27 persons, besides the usual care received a letter with their laboratory test results. To collect the data, between April and December 2013, two questionnaires were used. The first questionnaire contained 10 questions to classify sociodemographic variables. The second contained 13 items that corresponded to the clinical variables. The data were collected at the start (P0) and after 4 months of intervention (P4) in both groups. For the analysis, descriptive statistics were used, as well as Student\'s t-test and the fixed effects model. The results showed that, in both groups, the participants were predominantly women, with a mean age of 63 years, married, retired, 7 years of education and with a family income between 1 and 3 minimum wages. For G1, the predominant length of the diabetes diagnosis was between 11 and 20 years and in G2 between 6 and 10 years. As regards the comorbidities, both groups mostly indicated being hypertensive and choosing medication treatment, through oral anti- diabetics and insulin. Concerning the clinical variables related to the metabolic control, G1 showed a reduction in the body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and glycated hemoglobin. For the variables systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and fasting glucose, statistically significant reductions were obtained (p&lt;0.05). In G2, a reduction was observed in the body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and triglycerides. None of the results was statistically significant though. For the two groups, an effect was obtained on the metabolic control, which was higher in the group that received telephone support than in the group that only received the letter with laboratory results. Thus, the telephone support showed to be an Important tool to enhance care delivery to chronic disease patients, especially for the metabolic control of diabetes mellitus patients

by Li Chee Kwong, Wong Chi Cheong Raymond. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-41). / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.viii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / The Cordless Phone Market --- p.1 / The Answering Machine Market --- p.2 / The Cordless Phone with Digital Answering Machine Opportunity --- p.2 / National Semiconductor Corporation --- p.3 / Statement of Objectives --- p.4 / Literature Review --- p.5 / Chapter II. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.8 / Research Design and Data Collection --- p.8 / Limitations --- p.10 / Chapter III. --- FINDINGS --- p.11 / Market Potential --- p.11 / Customer Profile --- p.15 / Technology Trend and Semiconductor Opportunities --- p.16 / Compression Technology --- p.18 / High Integration --- p.18 / Low Voltage Operation --- p.19 / Non-Volatile Storage --- p.19 / Multi-Channel Capability --- p.19 / "Caller ID, Speaker Phone, Voice Recognition" --- p.20 / National Against the Competition --- p.21 / DSP Group --- p.21 / Texas Instruments --- p.22 / Zilog --- p.22 / Toshiba --- p.23 / National --- p.23 / Threats --- p.24 / Chapter IV. --- RECOMMENDATIONS AND MARKETING PLAN --- p.25 / Recommendations --- p.25 / Marketing Plan --- p.25 / Target Market --- p.25 / Marketing Objective --- p.25 / Value Proposition --- p.26 / Marketing Strategy --- p.26 / Product Strategy --- p.26 / Pricing Strategy --- p.28 / Distribution Strategy --- p.29 / Promotional Strategy --- p.30 / Financial Analysis --- p.31 / Risk and Exit Criteria --- p.33 / Conclusion --- p.34 / APPENDIX I: EXPERIENCE SURVEY --- p.35 / APPENDIX II: ROAD MAP --- p.36 / APPENDIX III: FINANCIAL ANALYSIS --- p.37 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.40

by Chan Kit Ping, Wendy. / Includes questionnaire in Chinese. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-52). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.viii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF TELEPHONE BANKING SERVICE IN HONG KONG --- p.7 / High Telephone Usage in Hong Kong --- p.7 / Telephone Banking Service as Differentiation Weapon --- p.8 / Hectic Life Style of Hong Kong People --- p.8 / High Property Prices in Hong Kong --- p.8 / Labor Shortage in Hong Kong --- p.9 / Chapter III. --- INDUSTRY REVIEW --- p.10 / Development of Telephone Banking Service in Hong Kong --- p.10 / Procedure of Using Telephone Banking Service --- p.12 / Variants of Telephone Banking Services --- p.16 / Chapter IV. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.20 / Adoption of a Service Innovation --- p.21 / Adoption of New Banking Technology --- p.21 / Hypotheses Setting --- p.25 / Chapter V. --- RESEARCH METHOD --- p.27 / Research Information Needed --- p.27 / Research Design --- p.29 / Demographic Characteristics of the Sample --- p.33 / Chapter VI. --- RESEARCH ANALYSIS --- p.34 / Awareness of Telephone Banking Service in Hong Kong --- p.34 / Way of Learning about Telephone Banking Service --- p.34 / Adoption of the Service --- p.35 / Reasons for Using the Service --- p.35 / Frequency of Using Telephone Banking Services --- p.36 / Most Frequently Used Services --- p.36 / Satisfaction Level of Users --- p.37 / Reasons for Not Using the Service --- p.37 / Attitude Towards Telephone Banking Service --- p.37 / Psychographic Characteristics of Users vs Non-users --- p.38 / Chapter VII. --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.40 / Ways to Recruit New Users --- p.40 / Ways to Encourage More Usage from Existing Users --- p.43 / Operational Recommendations --- p.44 / Chapter VIII. --- LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS --- p.46 / Questionnaire Setting --- p.45 / Sample Size --- p.47 / The Use of Personal Questions --- p.48 / Suggestions for Future Researches --- p.48 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.50 / APPENDIX --- p.53 / Questionnaire --- p.53 / Figures 1-13 --- p.63-80 / Tables 1-13 --- p.81-93

Telefonrådgivning kräver ett kvalificerat handläggande där sjuksköterskan på kort tid ska kunna etablera en god vårdrelation med patienten trots att den visuella kontakten saknas. Förutom kunskaper inom medicin krävs det att telefonsjuksköterskan har en god förmåga till kommunikation och visar respekt och empati för patienten. Efterfrågan på telefonrådgivning ökar och detta ställer krav på specifik kompetens hos sjuksköterskan. Vi har därför valt att beskriva vad som kännetecknar sjuksköterskans arbete med telefonrådgivning för att få kunskap i om hur vi i vår profession kan bli bättre på att ge råd via telefon. Det har gjorts i form av en litteraturstudie med grund i analys av kvalitativa artiklar samt en kvantitativ artikel. Kvalitativa studier kan vara vägledande för det praktiska arbetet och bidrar till att skapa en evidensbaserad omvårdnad. I resultatet framkommer tre huvudteman. Det första är telefonrådgivning ur sjuksköterskans perspektiv, med fyra subteman. Det andra huvudtemat är patientrelaterade faktorer som påverkar telefonrådgivningen med tre subteman. Det sista huvudtemat är organisatoriska faktorer som påverkar telefonrådgivningen med tre subteman. I diskussionen reflekterar vi över hur fortbildningen inom telefonrådgivningen kan utformas. Vidare diskuterar vi hjälpmedel som kan användas av telefonsjuksköterskan och dessutom tar vi upp betydelsen av feedback. / Program: Fristående kurs

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Development of Wireless Sensor Nodes revolutionaries sensing and control application. The size of sensor node makes it ideal to be used in variety of applications, but this brings more challenges and problems especially as the capacity of onboard battery is limited. It is due to the very reason that initial research in the field of WSN especially on MAC targets mainly on the energy conservation and gives secondary importance towards other attributes of MAC protocols. These attributes includes latency, throughput, fairness and collision. This research keeping in view of current application requirements which demands QoS as well as energy conservation in static and mobile sensor networks proposes MAC protocols to meet these challenges. In this research to improve the efficiency of the collision resolution algorithms used in mainly contention based MAC protocols, an Improved Binary Exponential Backoff Algorithm is proposed. The main target of this protocol is to resolve the problem of access collision by employing interim backoff period. The protocol targets to improve upon the performance of conventional Binary Exponential Backoff Algorithm which suffers heavily from collision. The result shows significant reduction in collision which increases the efficiency of the network in terms of QoS and energy conservation. To eliminate the problem of collision which is one of the major sources of network performance degradation a novel Delay Controlled Collision Free contention based MAC is designed. The protocol uses novel delay allocation technique. DCCF also provides mechanism to achieve fairness among the nodes. Detailed analysis and comparative result shows substantial increase in throughput and decrease in latency as compared to Industrial standard of IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA MAC. The research also proposed novel MAC protocols for mobile sensor networks. These protocols uses a methodology which is based upon signal strength of the beacon sent to the node from various neighbouring coordinators that enable the nodes to seamlessly enter from one cluster to another without any link loss and unnecessary delays in the shape of association. The proposed scheme is implemented over IEEE 802.15.4 enabling the standard to perform better with dynamic topology. Result shows that mobility adaptive 802.15.4 protocol shows improvement in QoS and conserve energy far better than the existing conventional CSMA/CA MAC standard. Also the algorithm is implemented over Delay Controlled Collision Free Mac protocol and a detail comparison is carried out with other mobility adaptive MAC protocols. The result shows significant decrease in latency as well as high gain in throughput and considerable reduction in energy as compared to the mobility adaptive MAC protocols. Finally in order to resolve fundamental problem of scalable network which suffers from bottleneck as more nodes in the last hop tries to send data towards the sink, a novel protocol is proposed which allows more than one node at a time to transmit the data towards the sink. The protocol named Simultaneous Multi node CSMA/CA enables the conventional industrial standard of IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA protocol to allow more than one node to transmit the data towards the coordinator or sink node. The protocol out performs the existing standard and provides significant increase in QoS of the network.