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Le Modèle Standard de la physique des particules est une théorie robuste à l'échelle électro-faible. Cependant, ce dernier possède des lacunes. Par exemple il ne permet pas d'expliquer la matière sombre, qui est une des problématiques majeures de la physique moderne. Près de 85% de la matière présente dans l'Univers n'est pas expliquée par le Modèle Standard. On l’appelle la matière sombre. Cette thèse présente une catégorie de modèles s'adressant à la problématique de la matière sombre. Ceux-ci s'appuient sur le paradigme du WIMP, qui nous enseigne qu'une particule neutre avec une section efficace électro-faible et une masse électro-faible explique à peu près l'abondance relique observée. Néanmoins, une analyse plus approfondie révèle que cette correspondance n'est en fait pas très précise puisque des masses multi-TeV pour la matière sombre sont nécessaires pour les modèles les plus simples, ce qui est 1-2 ordres de grandeur plus grand que l’échelle électro-faible. Cependant, avec un secteur sombre étendu, il est possible de maintenir la masse de la matière sombre proche de l’échelle électro-faible tout en gardant la densité relique observée. Ma thèse présente des modèles effectifs simples de matière sombre fermionique du type WIMP, ou le candidat de matière sombre est issu du mélange entre un singlet du Modèle Standard et d'un n-plet de SU(2)×U(1). La particule de matière sombre est supposée avoir une masse de l'ordre de l'échelle électro-faible, et le mélange est généré par des opérateurs de dimensions supérieures impliquant le doublet de Higgs. Lorsque la symétrie électro-faible est brisée, le boson de Higgs acquiert sa valeur moyenne dans le vide et des matrices de masse non-diagonales sont générées dans le secteur sombre. Cela engendre un mélange entre les états du secteur sombre, et les états physiques ainsi que leur masse sont obtenus en diagonalisant les matrices de masse. Pour des valeurs appropriées des paramètres, il est toujours possible d’accommoder le mélange afin de reproduire la densité relique mesurée. On parle de "well-tempered mixing" ou mélange correctement ajusté en français. Afin de stabiliser la particule de matière sombre, on doit ajouter une symétrie sous laquelle le secteur sombre est impair et le Modèle Standard est pair. Pour n impair, le n-plet est un multiplet de Majorana d'hypercharge nulle. Pour n pair, on considère un bi-multiplet d'hypercharge opposée ± 1/2 de sorte à ce qu'il forme un spineur de Dirac. On se focalise sur les contraintes liées à la densité relique et à la détection directe pour les configurations singlet-triplet, singlet-quadruplet et singlet-quintuplet. Notons que les contraintes de la détection indirecte sont moins fortes que celles issues de la détection directe. On impose une masse électro-faible pour la matière sombre afin qu'elle puisse être produite au LHC. Les résultats montrent qu'il est toujours possible de trouver un espace des paramètres, avec une masse électro-faible pour la matière sombre et redonnant la densité relique observée, qui passe les contraintes de détection directe et a fortiori indirecte. Dans la région de validité de la théorie effective, la détection directe est moins contraignante pour les grandes représentations du n-plet à cause du très faible mélange. / The Standard Model of particles physics is a well-tested theory at the electroweak scale. However this is not the end of the story. For instance, it does not solve the dark matter problem, which is one of the major issues of the modern physics. About 85% of the matter in the Universe is not describe by the Standard Model. It is called dark matter. This thesis presents a category of models responding to the dark matter problem. These models are based on the WIMP-paradigm, stating that a neutral particle with an electroweak cross-section and with an electroweak-scale mass roughly explains the observed relic abundance. Nevertheless, a closer look reveals that this correspondence is quantitatively not very precise since multi-TeV dark matter masses are required for the simplest models, which is 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than the electroweak scale. However, with an extended dark sector, it is possible to maintain the dark matter particle mass close to the electroweak scale and to keep the observed relic density. My thesis discloses simple effective models of fermionic WIMP dark matter, where the dark matter candidate is a mixture of a Standard Model singlet and an n-plet of SU(2)×U(1). The dark matter is assumed to be aroundthe electroweak scale, and the mixing is generated by higher-dimensional operators involving the Higgs doublet. Upon electroweak symmetry breaking, the Higgs takes its vacuum expectation value and non diagonal mass matrices are generated for the dark matter sector. This causes mixing between dark matter sector states, and physical states and masses are obtained by diagonalising the mass matrices. For suitable parameters, it is always possible to adjust the mixing to reproduce the observed relic density. This is reffered to as a well-tempered mixing. In order to stabilise the dark matter particle, we need to add a discrete symmetry under which the dark matter sector is odd and the Standard Model is even. For n odd, the n-plet is a Majorana multiplet with zero hypercharge. For n even, we consider a bi-multiplet with opposite hypercharges of ± 1/2 such as to form a Dirac spinor. We focus on the observed relic density and the direct detection constraints for the singlet-triplet, singlet-quadruplet and singlet-quintuplet configurations. Note that bounds from indirect detection are less stringent than those from direct detection. We impose electroweak mass for the dark matter particle such that it could be produced by the LHC. Results show that it is always possible to find a choice of parameters reproducing the observed relic density with an electroweak dark matter mass which conforms to the direct and a fortiori indirect detection constraints. In the region of validity of the effective theory, direct detection is less constraining for higher representations of the n-plet due to the tiny mixing.

Infinitely divisible distributions and processes have been the object of extensive research not only from the theoretical point of view but also for practical use, for example, in queueing theory or mathematical finance. In this thesis, we will study some of their subclasses with a view towards financial modeling. As generalizations of stable distributions, we study the tempered stable distributions and introduce the new classes of layered stable distributions as well as the mixed stable distributions, along with the corresponding Levy processes. As a further generalization of infinitely divisible processes, fractional tempered stable motions are defined. These theoretical studies will be complemented by some more practical ones, such as the simulation of sample paths, parameter estimations, financial portfolio hedging, and solving stochastic differential equations.

This research describes a large, newly-recorded archaeological site in the Upper Apalachicola River valley, northwest Florida, and a private collection of artifacts from it, as well as test excavations, three-dimensional modeling, clay/pottery sourcing through chemical analysis, and direct radiocarbon dating of ceramics to relate the site with regional archaeological chronologies and settlement patterns. A University of South Florida (USF) 2013 field school conducted excavations at the multicomponent midden on the western floodplain of the Apalachicola River called the McKinnie site (8JA1869). Students collaborated with a local collector and family members to learn about the site's history. Data from the collection and excavations show that the site was inhabited through four thousand years of prehistory, serving as a rich seasonal resource base for local people in the area starting in the Middle Archaic Period, and as a small place of occupation during the Woodland Period, until people moved out into the river valley to live in farming villages. We also investigated a series of fascinating features, stored in the private collection and excavated by USF, which may have been intentionally buried at the site up to 5500 years ago. They may be evidence of some ancient ochre processing to obtain pigments, or some other special activity.

Experiments were conducted to investigate the potential of using a quench and self-tempering heat treatment process with AISI 1117 steel to satisfy the mechanical properties of ASTM A 706 rebar. A series of quenching tests were performed and the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties studied using optical microscopy, microhardness measurement, and tensile tests. The presence of martensite throughout the samples contributed to the enhanced strength and strain-hardening ratio (tensile to yield strength) of the material. The experimental results showed that AISI 1117 is capable of meeting the ASTM standard. In addition to the experiments, a computer model using the finite difference method and incorporating heat transfer and microstructure evolution was developed to assist in future optimization of the heat treatment process.

Experiments were conducted to investigate the potential of using a quench and self-tempering heat treatment process with AISI 1117 steel to satisfy the mechanical properties of ASTM A 706 rebar. A series of quenching tests were performed and the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties studied using optical microscopy, microhardness measurement, and tensile tests. The presence of martensite throughout the samples contributed to the enhanced strength and strain-hardening ratio (tensile to yield strength) of the material. The experimental results showed that AISI 1117 is capable of meeting the ASTM standard. In addition to the experiments, a computer model using the finite difference method and incorporating heat transfer and microstructure evolution was developed to assist in future optimization of the heat treatment process.

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Orientador: Gilberto de Magalhães Bento Golçaves / Banca: Carlos Elias da Silva Junior / Banca: Geraldo Luiz Palma / Resumo: Este trabalho avaliou as ocorrências mecânicas, macro e microestrutural em metal de solda de juntas de aço estrutural temperado e revenido, soldadas pelo processo a arco elétrico com proteção gasosa (GMAW) de 80%Ar-20%CO2, em modo convencional e pulsado, utilizando eletrodo de alma metálica ("metal cored"), designação AWS E70C-6M. As soldas foram realizadas em dois passes, um por lado de juntas preparadas com chanfro duplo "V"60º. Para uma mesma energia teórica de soldagem, comparativamente verificou-se aumentos nas eficiências de deposição e térmica do processo para a soldagem com arco pulsado, além de uma maior influência na diluição do metal de base e nas características geométricas dos cordões. Entretanto, foi constatada maior resistência mecânica para os metais de solda obtidos em modo convencional, atribuído à ocorrência de um refinamento microestrutural mais intenso nesta condição de soldagem. A expectativa desta contribuição é de que disponibilize maiores informações em metalurgia da soldagem para atender principalmente o segmento de fabricação de equipamentos e sistemas mecânicos aplicados a serviços abrasivos / Abstract: This study evaluated the mechanical, macro and microestrurtural events on metal weld joints of quenched and tempered structural steel, welded by eletric arc process with protective gas (GMAW) of 80% Ar-20% CO2 in conventional and pulsed mode using metal cored electrode, designation AWS E70C-6M. The welds were made in two passes, one on each side of joints prepared with 60º double "V" bevel. For a given theoretical energy welding, comaratively there was increases in the efficiencies of deposition and thermal for pulsed arc welding process, and a greater influence on the dilution of the base metal and the geometrical characteristics of the cords. However, was observed a higher mechanical strength for a weld metals obtained in conventional manner, attributed to the occurrence of an intense microstructural refinement in this welding condition. The expectation of this contribution is to make evailable more information on welding metallurgy to meet especially the segment of manufacturing equipment and mechanical systems applied to abrasive services / Mestre

Analisam-se as questões envolvendo a modulação temporal da jurisprudência, como técnica adequada à solução do problema que orbita em torno das drásticas mudanças dos precedentes dos tribunais. Compara o sistema da common Law e da civil Law e a crescente tendência de absorção de institutos destes dois sistemas. Analisam-se exemplos de modulação de decisões no Direito Brasileiro, além das técnicas de modulação existentes no Direito Estrangeiro. Critica o modo como os tribunais brasileiros têm tratado a uniformização da jurisprudência. Observa critérios existentes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e que se prestam à aplicação como norte à modulação temporal, principalmente diante dos princípios da boa-fé, proteção a confiança e segurança jurídica. / It analyses the topics envolving juriprudence modulation as a technique adequate to solute the problem of the drastics overrulings. It compares both common law and civil law systems and the actual tendency to absorve institutes from both systems. It also analyses examples of jurisprudence modulation in brazilian law and techniques from other countries. It criticizes the way brazilian courts treat the jurisprudence uniformization. It observes the many criterions in brazilian law that allow to be applied as a direction to the jurisprudence modulation, specially in the matter of good faith, confidence protection and juridical security principles.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:57:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sarni_mij_me_bauru.pdf: 941928 bytes, checksum: 4ead015efe149db89a0c631bd5132b8b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho avaliou as ocorrências mecânicas, macro e microestrutural em metal de solda de juntas de aço estrutural temperado e revenido, soldadas pelo processo a arco elétrico com proteção gasosa (GMAW) de 80%Ar-20%CO2, em modo convencional e pulsado, utilizando eletrodo de alma metálica (metal cored), designação AWS E70C-6M. As soldas foram realizadas em dois passes, um por lado de juntas preparadas com chanfro duplo V60º. Para uma mesma energia teórica de soldagem, comparativamente verificou-se aumentos nas eficiências de deposição e térmica do processo para a soldagem com arco pulsado, além de uma maior influência na diluição do metal de base e nas características geométricas dos cordões. Entretanto, foi constatada maior resistência mecânica para os metais de solda obtidos em modo convencional, atribuído à ocorrência de um refinamento microestrutural mais intenso nesta condição de soldagem. A expectativa desta contribuição é de que disponibilize maiores informações em metalurgia da soldagem para atender principalmente o segmento de fabricação de equipamentos e sistemas mecânicos aplicados a serviços abrasivos / This study evaluated the mechanical, macro and microestrurtural events on metal weld joints of quenched and tempered structural steel, welded by eletric arc process with protective gas (GMAW) of 80% Ar-20% CO2 in conventional and pulsed mode using metal cored electrode, designation AWS E70C-6M. The welds were made in two passes, one on each side of joints prepared with 60º double V bevel. For a given theoretical energy welding, comaratively there was increases in the efficiencies of deposition and thermal for pulsed arc welding process, and a greater influence on the dilution of the base metal and the geometrical characteristics of the cords. However, was observed a higher mechanical strength for a weld metals obtained in conventional manner, attributed to the occurrence of an intense microstructural refinement in this welding condition. The expectation of this contribution is to make evailable more information on welding metallurgy to meet especially the segment of manufacturing equipment and mechanical systems applied to abrasive services