The aim of this thesis is to shed light on Post-Soviet urban renewal and people’s perceptions of changes that recently occurred in both the city of Riga and Latvian society more generally since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. More specifically, this study examines how these perceptions are manifest in Riga’s ongoing renewal. Through applying aspects of continuity and discontinuity, I illustrate how the urban renewal of Post-Soviet Riga uncovers imaginary and emotional aspects of the city and how these are interpreted in relation to the past, present and the future. This study introduces the concept “urban postperestroika” and one important difference between this concept and the more common concepts post-socialist, post-communist or post-Soviet is that the former highlights a process while the latter ones largely highlight the state. The starting point is how urban phantasmagorias – contemporary dreams of the future of the city – elucidate urban renewal processes in general and urban postperestroika in particular. In Riga’s ongoing renewal processes I identify three main trajectories in relation to aspects of the past, present and the future: de-Sovietization, globalization and Lettification. Together, these three trajectories constitute an engine that produces urban phantasmagorias. The dissolution of the Soviet Union has given rise to notions that everything is “back to normal” again, and these notions of normalcy have influenced urban renewal processes. The dilemmas, as shown in this thesis, concern the Soviet period and its remaining psychical structure which give the impression of being too conspicuous to eliminate and too contradictory to assimilate. The study illustrates the difficulties of building new urban and societal structures on the remains of pre-existing orders. Such difficulties of course lead to contradictory and ambiguous world views and to new dysfunctional situations that have to be managed in the future.

The aim of this thesis is to examine and analyse if it is possible to distinguish a new perception of time and temporality in the Swedish fashion magazine Magasin för konst, nyheter och moder, and in that case how it is expressed. To discover this, I have used the theories of the philosophers and historians Reinhart Koselleck and Marshall Berman. In their works they have pointed out and described how the early decades of the nineteenth century was a crucial time for our perception of the modern world, in the sense that we ever since then have experienced a gap between the past and the future where we cannot derive our expectations from our past experiences anymore. I have studied if this notion is communicated in the articles, and came to the conclusion that there is a new awareness of time articulated in the magazine. Mainly  there are three different understandings of time and temporality expressed within the magazine – first are those articles that shows a general new awareness of time in a constructive way, neither through a positive or negative perspective. Furthermore, there are also expressions for connections between the materialistic content in the magazine and the view on temporality, where the acknowledgment of a new temporality in fashion seems to also have an impact on a more ideological perception of time. Finally there are articles which portrays the discrepancy between expectation and experience as something with a negative significance for the future, but similarly puts this in a way that illuminates that the future is now something adaptable and possible to influence in a certain direction. This shows a new way of understanding how, in a Swedish nineteenth century context, material culture could affect people’s awareness of time and temporality and hence also their thoughts and outlook of the future even in more abstract issues. The upcoming becomes possible to interpret as something materialistic, and therefore also something more concrete and arguable.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Entre os anos de 1942 e 1943, Werner Heisenberg produziu um manuscrito que resguarda as suas mais graves e amplas concepções filosóficas. Intitulado pelos editores como Ordenação da Realidade após a morte do autor, o escrito diagnostica uma profunda crise não somente na esfera da ciência, mas igualmente nos campos da moral e da política. O propósito desta tese é discutir as ideias apresentadas por Heisenberg, a partir da questão que compartilhamos com o físico sobre como o homem se orienta no mundo. A crise serve para demonstrar a necessidade de rearticulação da ontologia. Não se trata simplesmente de reconsiderar a divisão clássica entre objetividade e subjetividade, entre lei moral e sentimento, entre fundar a política na igualdade ou na liberdade. Tais dicotomias devem ser suspensas em prol de uma reconsideração sobre a determinação do ente a partir da totalidade de mundo, os processos de temporalização que conferem a medida das atividades humanas e as diferentes fontes que oferecem ao homem o poder de estabelecer comunidade. Reformular o conceito de realidade, bem como estabelecer a sua possibilidade de compreensão a partir de níveis e âmbitos, tal é o caminho da nossa confrontação com Heisenberg, a qual supera a trivialidade de um realismo como suposição de coisas simplesmente dadas. / Between the years of 1942 and 1943, Werner Heisenberg produced a manuscript that presented his most important and extensive philosophical reflections. The editors named the text Reality and its Order (Ordnung der Wirklichkeit), which was only published after the death of the author. In the considerations drafted in this manuscript, Heisenberg diagnoses a deep crisis not only in the sphere of sciences, but also in the fields of morals and politics. In this way, the purpose of this theses is to discuss some of the ideas presented by Heisenberg, based on the points of views that I share with this physicist-philosopher regarding the way through which a human being guides itself in the world. The crisis is a phenomenon that serves to demonstrate the need for a re-articulation of ontology. It is not simply a reconsideration of the classical divisions between objectivity and subjectivity, or between moral law and feelings; or even the struggle between freedom and equality for the foundation of the political sphere. Such dichotomies should be suspended in favor of a determination of beings in the world as a totality, as well as in favor of the processes of temporalization that determine the measure of human activities and the different sources that grants to human beings the Power they needs in order to establish the state of community. Reformulating the concept of reality as well as opening the possibility of its understanding as levels and ambits, such is the course of our confrontation with Heisenberg, which overcomes the triviality of an assumed realism, understood as set of things simply given.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Entre os anos de 1942 e 1943, Werner Heisenberg produziu um manuscrito que resguarda as suas mais graves e amplas concepções filosóficas. Intitulado pelos editores como Ordenação da Realidade após a morte do autor, o escrito diagnostica uma profunda crise não somente na esfera da ciência, mas igualmente nos campos da moral e da política. O propósito desta tese é discutir as ideias apresentadas por Heisenberg, a partir da questão que compartilhamos com o físico sobre como o homem se orienta no mundo. A crise serve para demonstrar a necessidade de rearticulação da ontologia. Não se trata simplesmente de reconsiderar a divisão clássica entre objetividade e subjetividade, entre lei moral e sentimento, entre fundar a política na igualdade ou na liberdade. Tais dicotomias devem ser suspensas em prol de uma reconsideração sobre a determinação do ente a partir da totalidade de mundo, os processos de temporalização que conferem a medida das atividades humanas e as diferentes fontes que oferecem ao homem o poder de estabelecer comunidade. Reformular o conceito de realidade, bem como estabelecer a sua possibilidade de compreensão a partir de níveis e âmbitos, tal é o caminho da nossa confrontação com Heisenberg, a qual supera a trivialidade de um realismo como suposição de coisas simplesmente dadas. / Between the years of 1942 and 1943, Werner Heisenberg produced a manuscript that presented his most important and extensive philosophical reflections. The editors named the text Reality and its Order (Ordnung der Wirklichkeit), which was only published after the death of the author. In the considerations drafted in this manuscript, Heisenberg diagnoses a deep crisis not only in the sphere of sciences, but also in the fields of morals and politics. In this way, the purpose of this theses is to discuss some of the ideas presented by Heisenberg, based on the points of views that I share with this physicist-philosopher regarding the way through which a human being guides itself in the world. The crisis is a phenomenon that serves to demonstrate the need for a re-articulation of ontology. It is not simply a reconsideration of the classical divisions between objectivity and subjectivity, or between moral law and feelings; or even the struggle between freedom and equality for the foundation of the political sphere. Such dichotomies should be suspended in favor of a determination of beings in the world as a totality, as well as in favor of the processes of temporalization that determine the measure of human activities and the different sources that grants to human beings the Power they needs in order to establish the state of community. Reformulating the concept of reality as well as opening the possibility of its understanding as levels and ambits, such is the course of our confrontation with Heisenberg, which overcomes the triviality of an assumed realism, understood as set of things simply given.

Écriture féminine moving towards Others writing: A close reading of Mara Lee’s literary figuration strategies and the Other in Kärleken och hatet (2018) This essay examines how Mara Lee re-negotiates écriture féminine through an artistic writing practice from a contemporary horizon of queer-theory and post-colonial perspectives on the immanent power structures of language. Arguing for the relevance of écriture féminine as an entry to understand the figurations of the Other, through the similar literary strategies that navigates past the repressive and subordinating structures of language. Using Mara Lee’s thesis När Andra skriver (2014) to approach and display the literary figuration strategies of the Other at work in her poetic text Kärleken och hatet. Departing from écriture féminine Lee re-use and add to the defining features that operate through a critique of the binary system of language and the notion of uniform meaning. Lee presents time as a new perspective to negotiate the old concepts and puts temporalization into practice as a strategy to elude the double bind of difference. The common tendency of Lee’s literary strategies works through a subversive opening of the language, dislocating, shifting, and forcing it into motion. Lee displays how motion precludes stagnation, binary conceptions, and stereotype images. By using metaphors and imagery with multiplying, moving, and floating qualities as a way to return to and invoke the body Lee brings forward the subordinated experience. The body works as a common denominator for both the Other and the female experience of historically being reduced and referred to primarily as object and body rather than subject. Intertextuality, autofiction, and rebellious crossing of genres, mixing different styles of text, and refusing to conform to the expected linear narrative is another defining aspect of écriture féminine that echoes in Lee’s work. Kärleken och hatet departs from the poetic format and uses an extensive number of intertextual references that activate the infinite textual potential and destabilize uniform meaning as it continues towards other literary contexts. Through subjectivity and the fragmented, non-uniform subject Lee aligns with the strategies of écriture féminine while giving voice to the lived bodily experience of the Other. The spiral works as a returning yet opening motion through the metaphorical imagery and the narrative as repetition with a slight shift that re-negotiates the production of meaning. With this spiraling motion, Lee addresses revolutionary time and enforces a return to the repressed experience of the body while insisting on difference as a continuous process.

Este trabalho analisa a configuração de formas discursivas no Rio de Janeiro à época da Independência do Brasil (1820-1822). Ao direcionar as atenções para a imprensa periódica e panfletária desse período, pretende-se investigar o processo de temporalização de discursos políticos e suas implicações na relação entre as experiências do tempo histórico e a consecução da mudança política. Para tanto, a dissertação volta-se para o estudo de conceitos, linguagens, metáforas e expressões conformadoras de uma tessitura linguística na qual o tempo histórico era o eixo de performances discursivas atuantes no processo de Independência. Assim, a partir dos elementos em questão, defende-se a tese de que a temporalização dos discursos políticos se articula, bem como se retroalimenta de uma nova dinâmica histórica, na qual, entre fins do século XVIII e início do século XIX, um espaço de experiência revolucionário moderno vinha sendo formado. / This work analyses the configuration of discourses in Rio de Janeiro at the time of the independence of Brazil. By focusing on the periodical press as well as on leaflets published during that period, the research studies the process of temporalization of political discourses and its implication to the relationship between historical time and the dynamics of political change. In order to do so, this dissertation focuses on the study of concepts, languages, metaphors, and expressions that shaped linguistic constructions in which the historical time consisted of the axis of discursive performances interfering in the process of independence. Taking these issues into consideration, this works hypothesizes that the temporalization of political discourses articulated as well as fed itself in a new historical dynamic spanning from the late 18th century and early 19th century, when a revolutionary modern space of experience was being formed.

The goal of the present study is to examine the enactive approaches of Susan Hurley and Alva Noë through the prism of Husserlian temporal constitution. In the first part we offer criticism to Hurley’s notion of ‘non-instrumental interdependence of perception and action’. Her grounding of this interdependence on the subpersonal level constitutional sensory input-motor output interdependence will be viewed as necessary but not sufficient for the first-personal level perception-action interdependence. That sufficiency can only be provided through an exposition of their constitutive interdependence at the first-personal level itself by a phenomenological analysis of perceptual and intentional acts. In the second part we examine Noë’s notion of the ‘virtuality’ of perceptual content. By interpreting his relevant concept of ‘free access’ according to the proposed motif of ‘expectation fulfillment’ we suggest that the problem of the virtuality of content should be interpreted as the problem of the constitution of the temporally enduring perceptual object. We shall work out this issue by appealing to the Husserlian account of perception. By a constructive reading of Husserl’s notions of ‘motivation’ and ‘kinesthesis’ we arrive at the ‘subjective temporal self-relating core’ of perceptual and motor acts. It is this functional temporal self-relatedness, described exclusively on the first-personal descriptive level, that finally offers us the sought after first-personal non-instrumental interdependence of perception and action. We finally suggest that augmented by this notion the sensorimotor approaches can have a better understanding of the neuroscientific explanandum and thus be better informed in their potential epistemological role. Some empirical literature is reviewed at the closure of the study in support of our case. / Στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η εξέταση των κιναισθητηριακών προσεγγίσεων της Σούζαν Χάρλεϋ και του Άλβα Νόε μέσα από το πρίσμα της χουσερλιανής χρονικής σύνθεσης. Στο πρώτο μέρος ασκούμε κριτική στην έννοια της ‘μη-εργαλειακής αλληλεξάρτησης αντίληψης-πράξης’, της Χάρλεϋ. Η θεμελίωση, εκ μέρους της συγγραφέως, της παραπάνω αλληλεξάρτησης στην συγκροτητική αλληλεξάρτηση αισθητηριακών εισόδων-κινητικών εξόδων του υποπροσωπικού επιπέδου περιγραφής θα χαρακτηριστεί ως αναγκαία αλλά όχι επαρκής για την αλληλεξάρτηση αντίληψης-πράξης στο πρώτο-προσωπικό επίπεδο. Η επάρκεια αυτή μπορεί να χορηγηθεί μόνο μέσα από την έκθεση της συγκροτητικής αλληλεξάρτησης τους στο ίδιο το πρώτο-προσωπικό επίπεδο, δια μίας φαινομενολογικής ανάλυσης των αντιληπτικών και προθεσιακών ενεργημάτων. Στο δεύτερο μέρος εξετάζουμε της έννοια της ‘δυνητικότητας’ του αντιληπτικού περιεχομένου, του Νόε. Ερμηνεύοντας της σχετική έννοια του της ‘ελεύθερης πρόσβασης’ με βάση το μοτίβο της ‘πλήρωσης προσδοκιών’ το οποίο εισάγουμε, προτείνουμε πως το πρόβλημα της δυνητικότητας των αντιληπτικών περιεχομένων θα πρέπει να κατανοηθεί ως πρόβλημα συγκρότησης του χρονικά διαρκούς αντιληπτικού αντικειμένου. Καταπιανόμαστε με αυτό το ζήτημα κάνοντας χρήση της χουσερλιανής άποψης περί αντίληψης. Μέσω μίας εποικοδομητικής ανάγνωσης των εννοιών της ‘κινητοποίησης’ (σχέσης-κινήτρων) και ‘κιναίσθησης’, του Χούσερλ, καταλήγουμε στον ‘υποκειμενικό πυρήνα χρονικού αυτοσχετισμού’ των αντιληπτικών και κινητικών ενεργημάτων. Είναι αυτός ο λειτουργικός χρονικός αυτοσχετισμός, η περιγραφή του οποίου γίνεται κατ’ αποκλειστικότητα στο πρώτο-προσωπικό επίπεδο, ο οποίος μας προσφέρει την ζητούμενη πρώτο-προσωπική μη-εργαλιακή αλληλεξάρτηση αντίληψης-πράξης. Καταλήγουμε προτείνοντας, ότι συνεπικουρούμενες από αυτή την έννοια οι κιναισθητηριακές προσεγγίσεις μπορούν να έχουν μία καλύτερη κατανόηση του νευροφυσιολογικού εξηγητέου και συνεπώς να δύναται να καταστούν πιο ενήμερες όσον αφορά τον πιθανό επιστημολογικό τους ρόλο. Η μελέτη κλείνει με μία ανασκόπηση μέρους της σχετικής εμπειρικής βιβλιογραφίας προς υποστήριξη των θέσεων μας.

Este trabalho analisa a configuração de formas discursivas no Rio de Janeiro à época da Independência do Brasil (1820-1822). Ao direcionar as atenções para a imprensa periódica e panfletária desse período, pretende-se investigar o processo de temporalização de discursos políticos e suas implicações na relação entre as experiências do tempo histórico e a consecução da mudança política. Para tanto, a dissertação volta-se para o estudo de conceitos, linguagens, metáforas e expressões conformadoras de uma tessitura linguística na qual o tempo histórico era o eixo de performances discursivas atuantes no processo de Independência. Assim, a partir dos elementos em questão, defende-se a tese de que a temporalização dos discursos políticos se articula, bem como se retroalimenta de uma nova dinâmica histórica, na qual, entre fins do século XVIII e início do século XIX, um espaço de experiência revolucionário moderno vinha sendo formado. / This work analyses the configuration of discourses in Rio de Janeiro at the time of the independence of Brazil. By focusing on the periodical press as well as on leaflets published during that period, the research studies the process of temporalization of political discourses and its implication to the relationship between historical time and the dynamics of political change. In order to do so, this dissertation focuses on the study of concepts, languages, metaphors, and expressions that shaped linguistic constructions in which the historical time consisted of the axis of discursive performances interfering in the process of independence. Taking these issues into consideration, this works hypothesizes that the temporalization of political discourses articulated as well as fed itself in a new historical dynamic spanning from the late 18th century and early 19th century, when a revolutionary modern space of experience was being formed.

La « langue du coma » peut être une locution surprenante, si l’on considère que le coma est le silence de la parole du patient réanimé. Les mots « coma »et « réanimation » affectent également la parole de l’autre, le laissant souvent sans voix face à la violence d’un effondrement somatique qui ne dit pas son nom. Dans un espace où la pulsion de mort est à l’œuvre, remettant en question les divisions du temps, une langue surgit de ces interstices et vient dire quelque chose du sujet réanimé, dans sa temporalisation et sa spatialisation. En tant que langue circonstancielle, elle est composée de figures de style pour pallier d’impossibles représentations: elle place les proches et les soignants dans un véritable bilinguisme et le patient dans un statut phénoménologique d’être-au-monde. La langue, à la fois outil et objet de la psychanalyse nous permet de penser les conditions d’une réanimation psychique qui accompagnerait la réanimation médicale. / The “coma’s language” can be a surprising expression, if we regard the coma as the silence of the resuscitated patient’s speech. The words “coma” and “resuscitation” affect also the speech of the other one, often making him speechless in front of the violence of a somatic collapse that does not say its name. In a space where the death pulsion is at work, calling into question the time divisions, a language appears suddenly of its interstice and come and say something to the resuscitated subject, in its temporization and spatialization. As a circumstantial language, it is composed of figure of speech to compensate for impossible representations: it put the close relatives and the medical in a real bilingualism and the patient in a phenomenological representation “d’être-au-monde”. The language, at the same time tool and subject of the psychoanalysis allow us to think the conditions of a psychological resuscitation that would go with the medical resuscitation.

Este trabalho busca construir dedutivamente o sistema temporal que preside ao procedimento de temporalização no cinema. Para isso, estuda, com base na semiótica francesa, a localização temporal, a programação temporal, a programação textual e a aspectualização do tempo. Partindo da idéia de que o cinema é a arte do presente, mostra que os fatos narrados num filme podem localizar-se no presente do presente, no presente do passado ou no presente do futuro. Em seguida, examina as possibilidades de presentificar anterioridades e posterioridades. A programação temporal é a representação da ordem dos acontecimentos, que podem ser contados concomitantemente, sucessivamente ou de maneira invertida. A programação textual representa a duração dos fatos narrados. A duração da narração pode ser igual, maior ou menor do que a do acontecimento relatado. A aspectualização pode ser quantitativa (andamento) ou qualitativa. Esta é sempre durativa e a duratividade articula-se em aspectos incoativo, cursivo (contínuo ou descontínuo) e terminativo. O andamento pode ser normal, lento, acelerado ou congelado. / This work aims at constructing deductively the temporal system that governrs over to the temporalization procedure in the movies. For this, it studies, on the basis of French Semiotics, temporal localization, temporal programming, textual programming and tense aspectualization. Starting from the idea that movies is the art of the present, it shows that the facts narrated in one movie can be situated in the present of the present, the present of the past or the present of the future. After that, it examines the possibilities of presentifying anteriorities and posteriorities. Temporal programming is the representation of the order of events that can be counted concomitantly, successively or in an inverted way. Textual programming represents the duration of the narrated facts. The duration of the narration can be equal, to bigger or smaller than that of the narrated event. The aspectualization can be quantitative (tempo) or qualitative. This is always durative and the durativeness is articulated in inchoative, cursive (continuous or discontinuous) and terminative aspects. The tempo can be normal, slow, accelerated or frozen.