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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars as the Top Mat Reinforcement for Bridge Decks

DeFreese, James Michael 20 December 2001 (has links)
The primary objective of this research was to experimentally investigate material and bond properties of three different types of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars, and determine their effect on the design of a bridge deck using FRP bars as the top mat of reinforcement. The properties evaluated include the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, bond behavior, and maximum bond stress. The experimental program included 47 tensile tests and 42 beam end bond tests performed with FRP bars. Tensile strength of the bars from the tensile testing ranged from 529 MPa to 859 MPa. The average modulus, taken from all the testing, for each type of bar was found to range from 40 GPa to 43.7 GPa. The maximum bond stress from the beam end bond tests ranged from 9.17 MPa to 25 MPa. From the tests, design values were found in areas where the properties investigated were related. These design values include design tensile strength, design modulus of elasticity, bond coefficient for deflection calculations, bond coefficient for crack width calculations, and development length. The results and conclusions address design concerns of the different types of FRP bars as applied in the top mat of reinforcement of a bridge deck. A secondary objective was to evaluate the disparity in results between direct pullout tests, and beam end bond tests. Results from the experimentally performed beam end bond test were compared to previous literature involving the direct pullout tests. Results from the performed beam end bond tests were higher than all of the literature using direct pullout results. No recommendations were given on the disparity between the two test methods. / Master of Science
12

The Portevin-Le Chatelier Effect and Shear Band Formation in AA5754 Aluminum Alloy

Halim, Herdawandi 09 1900 (has links)
<p> The use of AA 5754 Al-Mg alloy for automotive applications is limited by its rapid shear failure process, due to shear banding. This failure mechanism is further complicated by the presence of inhomogeneous plastic deformation, so-called Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect, during deformation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was primarily to investigate the impact of Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) banding towards shear banding in this commercial alloy. The second objective was to study the PLC banding as a function of prior deformation under positive strain rate sensitivity condition.</p> <p> The experimental work involved pre-straining experiments coupled with a non-contact strain measurement technique. Pre-straining experiments were carried out by deforming the sample at 223 K, at which the PLC effect is significantly suppressed, up to a prescribed amount of true strain prior to room temperature testing. A non-contact strain measurement technique, based on digital image correlation (DIC), was utilized in order to observe PLC band behavior during tensile tests at room temperature and subsequently to measure the amount of plastic strain carried within the band.</p> <p> The results showed the appearance of random nucleation deformation bands, associated with type B PLC banding, with short distance propagation during constant strain rate tensile test at room temperature. A change in the nature of PLC banding, marked by distinct band propagation, was observed once a critical amount of pre-strain is given. However, there is no evidence of a relationship between two existing phenomena, PLC banding and shear banding, in this alloy.</p> / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)
13

Misturas cinza volante - cal de carbureto : durabilidade, resistência à tração e compressão / Fly ash - carbide lime blends : durability, tensile and compressive strength

Novaes, Jéssica Flesch January 2016 (has links)
Assunto cada vez mais em pauta nos foros nacionais e internacionais e nas comunidades ao redor do mundo, a questão ambiental tem sido a grande responsável pela geração de produtos novos. A construção de obras de infraestrutura é um dos maiores consumidores de recursos naturais, gerando uma enorme quantidade de resíduos, acaba também por ser um setor causador do impacto ambiental. Tais resíduos, se descartados de maneira incorreta geram problemas ambientais, em contraponto o descarte em aterros sanitários tem um custo bastante elevado. Partindo dessas premissas, buscar a utilização de resíduos como matéria prima para a indústria da construção de obras de infraestrutura é o objetivo global desta pesquisa, visando benefícios ambientais e econômicos. Para tal, foram utilizados a cinza volante, obtida através da queima do carvão nas termelétricas e rica em sílica e alumina e a cal de carbureto, oriunda da produção do gás acetileno e que possui grande quantidade de óxido de cálcio. Através de ensaios de laboratório, busca-se nesta pesquisa avaliar a influência da quantidade de cal e da porosidade, isoladamente, na durabilidade, resistência à tração e resistência à compressão e a relação resistência à tração/resistência à compressão, objetiva-se ainda avaliar a utilização do parâmetro porosidade/teor volumétrico de cal na estimativa de resistência e verificar a existência de uma relação única para este parâmetro versus a perda de massa acumulada/número de ciclos. Para isto, foram escolhidos os pesos específicos aparentes secos de 10,6, 11,6 e 12,6 kN/m³ com os respectivos teores de umidade de 36,6%, 31,3% e 25 %, sendo os teores de cal de carbureto adotados de 5, 8 e 11%. Todas as amostras foram curadas por um período de 28 dias em câmara úmida a 23°C. Os resultados apontam que o incremento da quantidade de cal e do peso específico aparente seco provocam aumentos na resistência à tração por compressão diametral, na resistência à compressão simples e na durabilidade da mistura. A utilização de um expoente como ajuste para a relação porosidade/teor volumétrico de cal [η/( ) , ] apresentou-se adequada para a formulação de equações para a previsão da resistência do material cimentado e para a estimativa da perda de massa acumulada/número de ciclos. Além disso, a existência de relações únicas para o controle da resistência à tração na compressão diametral e da resistência à compressão simples em função da porosidade e teor volumétrico de cal mostraram-se úteis para as formulações de dosagem. / The environmental issue is increasingly been responsible for the generation of new products. Infrastructure construction is one of the largest consumers of natural resources. Looking for the use of industrial residues as material for the construction industry is the overall objective of this research, aiming at environmental and economic benefits. For this, present study has used fly ash (obtained by burning coal in thermoelectric power plants) and carbide lime (originated from the production of acetylene gas) to fabricate a novel material. Through laboratory tests, one aim in this research was to evaluate the influence of the amount of lime and porosity of the blend on durability, splitting tensile strength and unconfined compressive strength, as well as on tensile/compressive ratio. Another objective was to further evaluate the use of the porosity/lime index in the estimation of strength and checking for a unique relationship for this parameter versus accumulated loss of mass/number of cycles. For such study were chosen dry unit weights of 10.6 kN/m³, 11.6 kN/m³ and 12.6 kN/m³ with the respective moisture contents of 36.6%, 31.3% and 25.0% and carbide lime contents of 5%, 8% and 11%. All samples were cured for a period 28 days in a moist chamber at 23°C. The results show that increasing dry unit weight and the amount of carbide lime cause increases in durability and splitting tensile and unconfined compressive strength of the studied blends. The use of an exponent as an adjustment to the porosity/lime index [η/( ) . ] showed to be appropriate for formulating equations for predicting the strength of cemented material and to estimate the accumulated loss of mass/number of cycles. Furthermore, the existence of unique relationships for the control of splitting tensile tests and unconfined compression strength as a function of porosity and volumetric lime content proved useful for the dosage formulations.
14

Misturas cinza volante - cal de carbureto : durabilidade, resistência à tração e compressão / Fly ash - carbide lime blends : durability, tensile and compressive strength

Novaes, Jéssica Flesch January 2016 (has links)
Assunto cada vez mais em pauta nos foros nacionais e internacionais e nas comunidades ao redor do mundo, a questão ambiental tem sido a grande responsável pela geração de produtos novos. A construção de obras de infraestrutura é um dos maiores consumidores de recursos naturais, gerando uma enorme quantidade de resíduos, acaba também por ser um setor causador do impacto ambiental. Tais resíduos, se descartados de maneira incorreta geram problemas ambientais, em contraponto o descarte em aterros sanitários tem um custo bastante elevado. Partindo dessas premissas, buscar a utilização de resíduos como matéria prima para a indústria da construção de obras de infraestrutura é o objetivo global desta pesquisa, visando benefícios ambientais e econômicos. Para tal, foram utilizados a cinza volante, obtida através da queima do carvão nas termelétricas e rica em sílica e alumina e a cal de carbureto, oriunda da produção do gás acetileno e que possui grande quantidade de óxido de cálcio. Através de ensaios de laboratório, busca-se nesta pesquisa avaliar a influência da quantidade de cal e da porosidade, isoladamente, na durabilidade, resistência à tração e resistência à compressão e a relação resistência à tração/resistência à compressão, objetiva-se ainda avaliar a utilização do parâmetro porosidade/teor volumétrico de cal na estimativa de resistência e verificar a existência de uma relação única para este parâmetro versus a perda de massa acumulada/número de ciclos. Para isto, foram escolhidos os pesos específicos aparentes secos de 10,6, 11,6 e 12,6 kN/m³ com os respectivos teores de umidade de 36,6%, 31,3% e 25 %, sendo os teores de cal de carbureto adotados de 5, 8 e 11%. Todas as amostras foram curadas por um período de 28 dias em câmara úmida a 23°C. Os resultados apontam que o incremento da quantidade de cal e do peso específico aparente seco provocam aumentos na resistência à tração por compressão diametral, na resistência à compressão simples e na durabilidade da mistura. A utilização de um expoente como ajuste para a relação porosidade/teor volumétrico de cal [η/( ) , ] apresentou-se adequada para a formulação de equações para a previsão da resistência do material cimentado e para a estimativa da perda de massa acumulada/número de ciclos. Além disso, a existência de relações únicas para o controle da resistência à tração na compressão diametral e da resistência à compressão simples em função da porosidade e teor volumétrico de cal mostraram-se úteis para as formulações de dosagem. / The environmental issue is increasingly been responsible for the generation of new products. Infrastructure construction is one of the largest consumers of natural resources. Looking for the use of industrial residues as material for the construction industry is the overall objective of this research, aiming at environmental and economic benefits. For this, present study has used fly ash (obtained by burning coal in thermoelectric power plants) and carbide lime (originated from the production of acetylene gas) to fabricate a novel material. Through laboratory tests, one aim in this research was to evaluate the influence of the amount of lime and porosity of the blend on durability, splitting tensile strength and unconfined compressive strength, as well as on tensile/compressive ratio. Another objective was to further evaluate the use of the porosity/lime index in the estimation of strength and checking for a unique relationship for this parameter versus accumulated loss of mass/number of cycles. For such study were chosen dry unit weights of 10.6 kN/m³, 11.6 kN/m³ and 12.6 kN/m³ with the respective moisture contents of 36.6%, 31.3% and 25.0% and carbide lime contents of 5%, 8% and 11%. All samples were cured for a period 28 days in a moist chamber at 23°C. The results show that increasing dry unit weight and the amount of carbide lime cause increases in durability and splitting tensile and unconfined compressive strength of the studied blends. The use of an exponent as an adjustment to the porosity/lime index [η/( ) . ] showed to be appropriate for formulating equations for predicting the strength of cemented material and to estimate the accumulated loss of mass/number of cycles. Furthermore, the existence of unique relationships for the control of splitting tensile tests and unconfined compression strength as a function of porosity and volumetric lime content proved useful for the dosage formulations.
15

Compósitos de fibras de taquara (Merostachys sp.) e matriz de poliéster e epóxi / Composites of taquara fibers (Merotachys sp.) and polyester and epoxy resin

Reis, Elton Garcia dos 04 December 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elton G dos Reis.pdf: 2166812 bytes, checksum: 384c9af44058a93b40c48b5b2bf1e226 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanical properties of the fiber and taquaralixa (Merostachys sp.) composites with polyester and epoxy matrixes by means of tensile, pull out and flexural tests. Initially, the stalks of taquara went through a drying process to determine the moisture content. Afterwards, the taquara sticks were chemically treated with a solution of sodium hydroxide 10% w/w and hydrogen peroxide 10% v/v, causing softening of the sticks that later were crushed with a rolling machine, in order to partially remove lignin and separate the fibers. To determine the tensile strength of the fiber, tensile tests were performed. And fiber was tested by means of pull out test for determining the shear stress and critical length in the polyester and epoxy matrixes. An optic microscope and an application software were used to determine the cross-sectional area and the perimeter of the fiber. Composites with long fibers and matrixes of polyester and epoxy were prepared through the compression molding process. The fiber concentrations used in the polyester matrix were: 40, 60, 70 and 75% w/w; and for the epoxy matrix 40, 60 and 75% w/w of fiber were used. Composites with random and short fibers were produced with epoxy matrix. Fibers with 13 mm in length were used at the concentrations of 50 and 60% w/w; fibers with 25 mm in length at concentrations of 50 and 60% w/w and fibers with 60 mm in length at a concentration of 50% w/w. Flexural tests were performed for the composites and it was possible to determine the flexural stress, Young s Modulus, strain and density for each specimen. From the results of the long fibers composites and using the values of tensile and strain within the linear region, the Young s modulus of the fiber was estimated through interpolation of the rule of mixtures lower limit and Halpin-Tsai equations. For the results of composites with random and short fibers together with the results of composites with long fibers and epoxy matrix, the rule of mixtures lower limit equation was interpolated in order to obtain an estimate of the Young s modulus or tensile strength in function of the volumetric fraction and fiber length. With the results of tensile strength, Young s modulus and density, it was possible to perform a comparison among the mechanical properties of wood Angicovermelho (Anadenanthera peregrina), Peróba-rosa (Aspidosperma polyneuron), Piquiá (Caryocar villosum) and Eucalipto (Eucalyptus Grandis and Citriodora). Composites with long fibers and composites with 60 mm in lenght of fibers presented superior properties in comparison to these woods. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar as propriedades mecânicas da fibra e os compósitos de fibra de taquara-lixa (Merostachys sp.) com matriz poliéster e epóxi por meio de ensaios de tração, pull out e flexão de três pontos. Inicialmente, os colmos da taquara passaram por um processo de secagem para a determinação do teor de umidade. Em seguida, os gravetos da taquara foram tratados quimicamente com solução de hidróxido de sódio a 10% m/m e peróxido de hidrogênio a 10% v/v que provocou o amolecimento dos gravetos que na sequência foram esmagados com auxílio de uma calandra, com o objetivo de retirar parcialmente a lignina e separar as fibras. Os ensaios de tração da fibra foram realizados para a determinação da tensão de ruptura. E ensaios de pull out da fibra foram realizados para a determinação da tensão cisalhante de ruptura e comprimento crítico nas matrizes poliéster e epóxi. Para a determinação da área transversal e perímetro da fibra foi utilizado um microscópio óptico e um aplicativo de tratamento de imagem. Compósitos com fibras longas e matrizes de poliéster e epóxi foram confeccionados por meio do processo de moldagem por compressão. As concentrações de fibras utilizadas para a matriz poliéster foram 40, 60, 70 e 75% m/m e para a matriz epóxi foram 40, 60 e 75% m/m. Compósitos com fibras curtas e aleatórias também foram produzidos com matriz epóxi. Foram utilizadas fibras com 13 mm de comprimento nas concentrações de 50 e 60% m/m de fibra, 25 mm de comprimento nas concentrações de 50 e 60% m/m e 60 mm de comprimento na concentração de 50% m/m. Ensaios de flexão de 3 pontos foram realizados para os compósitos, e determinou-se a tensão de flexão, o módulo de elasticidade, a deformação e a massa específica para cada corpo de prova. A partir dos resultados obtidos dos compósitos com fibras longas e utilizando-se os valores de tensão e deformação dentro do regime linear, foi possível estimar o módulo de elasticidade da fibra por meio da interpolação das equações da regra das misturas limite inferior e equação de Halpin-Tsai. Para os resultados dos compósitos com fibras curtas e aleatórias juntamente com os resultados dos compósitos com fibras longas e matriz epóxi foi interpolada a equação da regra das misturas limite inferior com o objetivo de obter uma estimativa do módulo de elasticidade ou da tensão de flexão em função da fração volumétrica, e comprimento da fibra. Com os resultados de tensão de flexão, módulo de elasticidade e massa específica foi possível realizar uma comparação em relação as propriedades mecânicas das madeiras Angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera peregrina), Peróba-rosa (Aspidosperma Polyneuron), Piquiá (Caryocar villosum) e Eucalipto (Eucaliptus Citriodora e Grandis). Os compósitos com fibras longas e fibras curtas de 60 mm apresentaram propriedades superiores em comparação com estas madeiras.
16

Misturas cinza volante - cal de carbureto : durabilidade, resistência à tração e compressão / Fly ash - carbide lime blends : durability, tensile and compressive strength

Novaes, Jéssica Flesch January 2016 (has links)
Assunto cada vez mais em pauta nos foros nacionais e internacionais e nas comunidades ao redor do mundo, a questão ambiental tem sido a grande responsável pela geração de produtos novos. A construção de obras de infraestrutura é um dos maiores consumidores de recursos naturais, gerando uma enorme quantidade de resíduos, acaba também por ser um setor causador do impacto ambiental. Tais resíduos, se descartados de maneira incorreta geram problemas ambientais, em contraponto o descarte em aterros sanitários tem um custo bastante elevado. Partindo dessas premissas, buscar a utilização de resíduos como matéria prima para a indústria da construção de obras de infraestrutura é o objetivo global desta pesquisa, visando benefícios ambientais e econômicos. Para tal, foram utilizados a cinza volante, obtida através da queima do carvão nas termelétricas e rica em sílica e alumina e a cal de carbureto, oriunda da produção do gás acetileno e que possui grande quantidade de óxido de cálcio. Através de ensaios de laboratório, busca-se nesta pesquisa avaliar a influência da quantidade de cal e da porosidade, isoladamente, na durabilidade, resistência à tração e resistência à compressão e a relação resistência à tração/resistência à compressão, objetiva-se ainda avaliar a utilização do parâmetro porosidade/teor volumétrico de cal na estimativa de resistência e verificar a existência de uma relação única para este parâmetro versus a perda de massa acumulada/número de ciclos. Para isto, foram escolhidos os pesos específicos aparentes secos de 10,6, 11,6 e 12,6 kN/m³ com os respectivos teores de umidade de 36,6%, 31,3% e 25 %, sendo os teores de cal de carbureto adotados de 5, 8 e 11%. Todas as amostras foram curadas por um período de 28 dias em câmara úmida a 23°C. Os resultados apontam que o incremento da quantidade de cal e do peso específico aparente seco provocam aumentos na resistência à tração por compressão diametral, na resistência à compressão simples e na durabilidade da mistura. A utilização de um expoente como ajuste para a relação porosidade/teor volumétrico de cal [η/( ) , ] apresentou-se adequada para a formulação de equações para a previsão da resistência do material cimentado e para a estimativa da perda de massa acumulada/número de ciclos. Além disso, a existência de relações únicas para o controle da resistência à tração na compressão diametral e da resistência à compressão simples em função da porosidade e teor volumétrico de cal mostraram-se úteis para as formulações de dosagem. / The environmental issue is increasingly been responsible for the generation of new products. Infrastructure construction is one of the largest consumers of natural resources. Looking for the use of industrial residues as material for the construction industry is the overall objective of this research, aiming at environmental and economic benefits. For this, present study has used fly ash (obtained by burning coal in thermoelectric power plants) and carbide lime (originated from the production of acetylene gas) to fabricate a novel material. Through laboratory tests, one aim in this research was to evaluate the influence of the amount of lime and porosity of the blend on durability, splitting tensile strength and unconfined compressive strength, as well as on tensile/compressive ratio. Another objective was to further evaluate the use of the porosity/lime index in the estimation of strength and checking for a unique relationship for this parameter versus accumulated loss of mass/number of cycles. For such study were chosen dry unit weights of 10.6 kN/m³, 11.6 kN/m³ and 12.6 kN/m³ with the respective moisture contents of 36.6%, 31.3% and 25.0% and carbide lime contents of 5%, 8% and 11%. All samples were cured for a period 28 days in a moist chamber at 23°C. The results show that increasing dry unit weight and the amount of carbide lime cause increases in durability and splitting tensile and unconfined compressive strength of the studied blends. The use of an exponent as an adjustment to the porosity/lime index [η/( ) . ] showed to be appropriate for formulating equations for predicting the strength of cemented material and to estimate the accumulated loss of mass/number of cycles. Furthermore, the existence of unique relationships for the control of splitting tensile tests and unconfined compression strength as a function of porosity and volumetric lime content proved useful for the dosage formulations.
17

Tahové a únavové zkoušky tenkých vláken a fólií / Tensile and Fatigue Testing of Thin Fibres and Foils

Štěrbáček, Jaroslav January 2008 (has links)
A testing system MTS Tytron 250 with an original construction was bought at the Institute of Physics of Materials, AVCR v.v.i. The main aim of this diploma thesis was to obtain experiences with the controlling of the system and with its advantages and limitations. The tensile tests were performed on Al fibres with diameters of 125 micrometer, 180 micrometer a 500 micrometer, nylon fibres of 250 micrometer and 500 micrometer and tensile and cyclic tests on Al foil of 77 micrometer in thickness. It was found that the machine is suitable for testing of either subtle specimens with low loading forces or specimens with low stiffness as e.g. polymers or very long metallic or ceramic fibres. On the other side, the Tytrom system is not able to perform tests on specimens with a high stiffness and high loading forces. Material parameters were determined with a high reproducibility. Advantages and limitations of several types of subtle specimen's fixation into the grips were studied too.
18

Energy Efficient Composites for Automotive Industry.

Rojas, Mariana January 2021 (has links)
Hybrid composites play a key role in sustainable development. For many years, carbon fibres in an epoxy matrix have been an attractive option for many structural applications because of their higher specific mechanical properties mostly. However, recycling and sustainability are some of the composite shortcomings; and in that context, natural fibres have gained popularity.  The present study aimed to design and manufacture short carbon/flax hybrid composites. Two different arrangements were chosen: random and layers configuration. Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) was used to fabricate these hybrid composites. Mechanical tests and optical microscopy technique were conducted to understand the effect of the interaction of these two different reinforcements. Mechanical tests showed a remarkable difference between the hybrid configurations under flexural loadings. Furthermore, outstanding property values were observed in the hybrid configurations compared to single fibre composites. The resultant materials have seemed an attractive combination of fibres with a remarkable balance between mechanical performance and eco-friendliness.
19

Etude de l’élaboration de l’acier inoxydable 316L par fusion laser sélective sur lit de poudre : influence des paramètres du procédé, des caractéristiques de la poudre, et des traitements thermiques sur la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques. / Study of 316L stainless steel processed by selective laser melting : influence of process parameters, powder characteristics, and heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties.

Chniouel, Aziz 08 November 2019 (has links)
Dans le domaine de la métallurgie, la fabrication additive (FA) est un procédé de mise en forme des matériaux en pleine expansion dans plusieurs secteurs industriels tels que l’aéronautique, le spatial et l’automobile. L’exploitation des procédés de FA pour des applications dans l’industrie nucléaire est actuellement en cours d’étude dans différents pays. La FA permet d’élaborer des pièces optimisées avec des géométries complexes impossibles à réaliser avec les procédés conventionnels. Dans ce cadre, les travaux réalisés au cours de cette thèse visent à déterminer l’apport potentiel des procédés de FA pour la réalisation de composants métalliques pour diverses applications nucléaires dont les futurs réacteurs de Génération IV. Cette thèse présente les propriétés microstructurales et mécaniques de pièces en acier inoxydable 316L réalisées par procédé de fusion laser sélective sur lit de poudre (SLM, Selective Laser Melting). Trois thématiques ont été abordées dans cette étude : les paramètres du procédé SLM, les caractéristiques de la poudre et deux post-traitements thermiques (700°C-1h et compression isostatique à chaud : 1100°C-3h sous 1800 Bar). Leurs effets sur la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques ont été analysés. Les propriétés en traction sur des éprouvettes en acier 316L ont été mesurées et comparées à celles d’un acier 316L forgé décrit par la norme RCC-MRX utilisée dans le domaine du nucléaire. Les résultats obtenus sont supérieurs à ceux de la norme et comparables à ceux d’un acier forgé. Cette thèse a permis de mieux cerner les interactions entre les paramètres liés au procédé, la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques. / Additive Manufacturing (AM) recently became an attractive manufacturing process in several industrial fields such as aeronautics, aerospace and automotive. The exploitation of AM processes for the nuclear industry is currently being studied in different countries. The AM enables the creation of optimized parts with complex geometries impossible to manufacture with conventional processes. This thesis aims to determine the potential contribution of AM processes for the production of metal components for various nuclear applications including future Generation IV reactors. First, the microstructural and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel parts built by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process are presented. Three thematics were assessed in this study: the SLM process parameters, the powder characteristics and two post heat treatments (700 ° C-1h and hot isostatic pressing: 1100 ° C-3h under 1800 Bar). Their effects on microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed. Tensile properties of 316L steel specimens were measured and compared to those of forged 316L steel described in the nuclear field by RCC-MRX standards. The results obtained are superior to those of the standard and comparable to those of a forged steel. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of interactions between the process parameters, the microstructure and the mechanical properties.
20

Etude du comportement et de la résistance mécanique d'un pancréas bioartificiel pour l'homme. Caractérisation expérimentale et simulation numérique. / Study of the behaviour and the mechanical properties of a human bioartificial pancreas. Experimental characterization and numerical simulation.

Cristofari, François 11 December 2017 (has links)
Afin de traiter les patients atteint de diabète de type 1, un pancréas bioartificiel permettant d’encapsuler des cellules produisant de l’insuline a été développé : il est constitué de membranes poreuses qui les isolent des anticorps du patient, tout en permettant le passage du glucose et de l’insuline. Avant sa mise sur le marché, il est nécessaire de vérifier que son comportement mécanique lui permet d’être implanté chez l’homme sans risque pour le patient. La résistance des membranes sous chargement mécanique est donc étudiée en particulier. Leur structure est d’abord mise en évidence par microscopie électronique à balayage et nanotomographie à rayons X. Des essais de traction sont ensuite effectués à l’échelle macroscopique et à l’échelle microscopique, l’utilisation de techniques de mesure de champs par corrélation d’images permettant de caractériser les déformations des membranes à chaque échelle. En parallèle, une modélisation numérique par éléments finis est développée en se basant sur les caractéristiques microstructurales et mécaniques des membranes. Une méthodologie de comparaison entre le comportement prédit par le modèle et le comportement expérimental des membranes est alors proposée et utilisée. Les résultats de cette étude sont finalement considérés pour juger de la possibilité d’utiliser ce dispositif en phase clinique. / In order to treat type 1 diabetics, a bioartificial pancreas has been developed. It consists in the encapsulation of insulin producing cells: it is made of porous membranes which isolate cells from patient antibodies, allowing the glucose and the insulin to pass through. Before its commercialization, it is necessary to verify that its mechanical behavior allows it to be implanted in a human body without any risk for the patient. The mechanical strength of the membranes under loading is therefore studied. Their structure is first obtained using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray nanotomography. Tensile tests are then done at both macroscopic and microscopic scales, digital image correlation techniques being used to characterize the membranes at each scale. At the same time, a numerical model using finite element method is built based on the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of the membranes experimentally identified. A methodology to compare the experimental and numerical results behavior of the membranes is proposed and used. The results of the study are finally considered to assess the possibility to use the device in clinic phase.

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