This article presents the derivation of the thermodynamic expressions for the activation free energy and reaction rate constant for cosolvent reaction systems. These expressions account for the factors that are specific to solution-phase reactions, which include isotropic electrostatic effects and close-range solvent−solute interactions. This article discusses the idea that electrostatic effects can be correlated with the isotropic relative permittivity, and solvent−solute interactions can be correlated with the cosolvent mole fraction. This article also shows that this type of thermodynamic analysis is necessary for understanding certain nuances of solution-phase reaction processes not tractable by other types of analyses.

Abstract Background:        In recent years a rising concern towards health enhancement activities has been prominent across populations, leading to the emergence of a multi-dollar industry, namely the wellness industry, which spans across a wide spectrum of sectors, ranging from organic food to tourism. In fact, wellness tourism has been growing at an exponential rate, generating high revenues, forecast to rise. Given that millennials have been gradually replacing former generations, in volume size, it becomes evident why this age cohort has garnered massive media attention worldwide. Purpose: Nevertheless, although wellness tourism industry has sparked the attention of academic scholars and industry professionals, scant academic research has been conducted on the wellness travel attitude of this age cohort. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the attitude of millennials’ towards wellness travelling.                            Method:              For the purpose of this study, a qualitative research comprised of 11 in-depth semi-structured interviews was conducted within a sample of individual’s aged 23-35. Conclusion:          The results of this research indicated that this generational segment displayed a particular travel attitude towards wellness tourism, which can be understood from a cognitive, affective, and conative angle. Overall, the main cognitive associations and thoughts with wellness tourism entailed the notion of relaxation, and health-enhancement, whilst the core emotions experienced ranged from inner fulfillment, and happiness to nostalgia and serenity. The main benefits sought involved, escape from daily life and stress relief, which are consistent with prior studies. It was clear from this study that millennials are price-sensitive, and they cherish the variety of activities along with the novelty of experiences when travelling for wellness. This research also sheds light on the most frequently employed travel platforms and channels of communication, which can provide tourism marketing specialists and industry professionals with constructive recommendations in terms of advertising and communication of wellness travel offerings. However, due to time constraints, this study was subject to certain limitations, which hinder the generalizability of results across broader populations and diverse wellness travelers. Future research is thus much anticipated and needed to dig deeper into this lucrative market.

A novel high-order finite volume scheme using flux correction methods in conjunction with structured finite difference schemes is extended to low Mach and incompressible flows on strand grids. Flux correction achieves high-order by explicitly canceling low-order truncation error terms in the finite volume cell. The flux correction method is applied in unstructured layers of the strand grid. The layers are then coupled together using a source term containing the derivatives in the strand direction. Proper source term discretization is verified. Strand-direction derivatives are obtained by using summation-by-parts operators for the first and second derivatives. A preconditioner is used to extend the method to low Mach and incompressible flows. We further extend the method to turbulent flows with the Spalart Allmaras model. We verify high-order accuracy via the method of manufactured solutions, method of exact solutions, and physical problems. Results obtained compare well to analytical solutions, numerical studies, and experimental data. It is foreseen that future application in the Naval field will be possible.

This study examined the relationships between childhood family of origin (FOO) adversities, coming to terms with them, and adult intimate relationship satisfaction for Native American individuals. The sample consisted of 186 Native American individuals in committed relationships who responded to the RELATionship Evaluation (RELATE). Among the items in the questionnaire were measures of childhood FOO adversity, whether respondents had come to terms with FOO problems, relationship quality and depression. Results from structural equation modeling indicated that coming to terms buffered the negative effects of childhood family of origin adversities on depression and relationship quality. Results suggest that coming to terms may help Native American individuals deal with FOO adversity and improve intimate relationship quality. Coming to terms with childhood FOO adversity should be considered in the treatment of Native American individuals in intimate relationships. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

This study examined the direct actor/partner effects of self-esteem, coming to terms, and relationship quality and the indirect effects of self-esteem on relationship quality when mediated by coming to terms. The sample included 160 interracial couples of which 69.4% were made up of an African-American male and a Caucasian female, while 30.6 were made up of an African-American female and a Caucasian male. These couples completed the RELATionship Evaluation (RELATE), a survey questionnaire. This study used three variables from the RELATE: self-esteem, coming to terms, and relationship quality. Results from Structural Equation Modeling indicated that self-esteem had a negative effect on relationship quality in men and women. Female partner's negative self-esteem increased her male partner's likelihood of coming to terms, but male partner's negative self-esteem decreased his own likelihood of coming to terms. Coming to terms did not predict relationship quality in this study. The relatively satisfied couples of this sample suggest that interracial couples may not have poorer relationship quality than intraracial couples, as some previous research purports.

Yes / Wave-induced seabed instability caused by the residual liquefaction of seabed may threaten the safety of an offshore foundation. Most previous studies have focused on the structure that sits on the seabed surface (e.g., breakwater and pipeline), a few studies investigate the structure embedded into the seabed (e.g. a mono-pile). In this study, by considering the inertial terms of pore fluid and soil skeleton, a three-dimensional (3D) integrated model for the wave-induced seabed residual response around a mono-pile is developed. The model is validated with five experimental tests available in the literature. The proposed model is then applied to investigate the spatial and temporal pattern of pore pressure accumulation as well as the 3D liquefaction zone around a mono-pile. The numerical simulation shows that the residual pore pressure in front of a pile is larger than that at the rear, and the seabed residual response would be underestimated if the inertial terms of pore fluid and soil skeleton are neglected. The result also shows that the maximum residual liquefaction depth will increase with the increase of the embedded depth of the pile. / This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2017B15814], the International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program [20170014], National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars [Grant No. 51425901], Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2017B21514), Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province (2018SS02), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [Grant No. BK20161509] and Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University [Project No: 2016491011].

Данное диссертационное исследование посвящено специфике перевода цветообозначений в романе М. Зусака «Книжный вор» на примере монологов Смерти. Работа выполнена в русле актуальных филологических и междисциплинарных исследований в области переводоведения. В ходе исследования рассмотрены особенности использования цветообозначений в художественном тексте и способы их перевода. На примере романа рассмотрен перевод цветообозначений, задействованных в 513 контекстах. Посредством сопоставительного метода произведен анализ перевода цветообозначений с английского на русский и испанский языки. Структура работы состоит из двух глав: теоретической и практической. В теоретической части рассматриваются теоретические предпосылки изучения цветообозначения; способы классификации цветообозначений; цветообозначения в художественном тексте и специфика их перевода; различные подходы к классификации переводческих трансформаций. В практической части выведена классификация цветообозначений, задействованных в романе; произведен сопоставительный анализ трансформаций, использованных при переводе романа с английского на испанский; выявлена закономерность использования определенных трансформаций при переводе цветообозначений, относящихся к конкретной группе; рассмотрены основные ошибки при переводе цветообозначений; произведен анализ символизации основных цветообозначений в романе. / This thesis is devoted to the specifics of translation of color terms in the novel by M. Zusak “The Book Thief” in the case of the monologues of Death. The work was carried out in line with current philological and interdisciplinary research in the field of translation studies. In the course of the study, the peculiarities of the use of color meanings in a literary text and the ways of their translation are considered. The translation of colour terms involved in 513 contexts had been examined by our research. By means of a comparative method, an analysis of the translation of color terms from English into Russian and Spanish was made. The structure of the work consists of two chapters: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with the theoretical background of the study of color terms; methods of classification of color terms; color terms in the literary text and the specifics of their translation; different approaches to the classification of lexico-grammatical transformations. In the practical part, the classification of color terms involved in the novel is derived; a comparative analysis of the transformations used in the translation of the novel from English to Spanish is made; the regularity of the use of certain transformations in the translation of color terms belonging to a particular group is revealed; the main issues in the translation of color terms are classified; the analysis of the symbolization of the main color terms in the novel is made. In conclusion, the research findings are presented.

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Microgrid (MG) concept has been emerged to enable integration of renewable energy sources and storage devices using power electronic converters. An MG can be grid connected to exchange power with the main grid, isolated that is completely separated from the grid, or islanded that is temporarily separated from the grid. The P and Q-V drooping approach is commonly used to control and achieve power sharing among the generators.\\ This study presents an approach for systematically modeling a class of microgrid (MG) systems. The derived model 1) accommodates grid-connected and islanded operation of the MG simultaneously, and 2) allows modeling of converter-based as well as directly-interfaced resources. The originally nonlinear model is then converted to a linear model whose eigenvalues determine local stability of the MG. \\The model is used to analyze the impacts of adding cross-coupling droop terms (P-V and Q) on an MG's performance. Various performance aspects such as stability, stability robustness, transmission power loss, voltage profile, and power sharing are considered. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Addition of a small portion of cross-coupling will reduce the losses without compromising other aspects in a grid-connected MG. Larger cross-coupling terms will compromise the system stability. (2) Large cross-coupling terms can be added to reduce the power loss and to improve the system stability in an isolated MG. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the derivations.

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