Thesis (M.Com (Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / This study investigates the impact of capital flight and investment on economic growth in South Africa using time series data from 1986 to 2016. It employs the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedure and the Granger causality test as a method of analysis. The empirical findings reveal that the variables are cointegrated which is an indication of the existence of a long run relationship among them. It was further discovered that capital flight had a negative long run relationship with economic growth while investment showed a positive long run relationship with economic growth. The terms of trade and inflation which were added to the model as control variable were also found to have a significantly positive influence on economic growth. The Granger causality indicated a bidirectional relationship between inflation and economic growth, while the terms of trade is found to have a unidirectional relationship with economic growth and capital investment respectively. The results are in line with the neo-classical growth model and the accelerator theory of investment.

Notre thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de l’acquisition du Français Langue de Scolarisation (FLS) et Langue Seconde (L2) en plurilinguisme. Elle s’intéresse aux usages du lexique des verbes chez les collégiens francophones, pour lesquels nous esquissons des solutions à l’enseignement-apprentissage de ce lexique. L’objectif est de comprendre quels sont les verbes mobilisés par les collégiens de L2 pour exprimer des procès à l’oral. Nous nous appuyons sur un corpus oral collecté auprès des pré-adolescents et adolescents scolarisés dans la ville Camerounaise de Yaoundé. Les données empiriques ont été réunies, traitées, transcrites et codées conformément au protocole de traitement CHILDES (Child Language Data Exchange Système). Ainsi, la commande FREQ de CLAN a mécaniquement fourni des inventaires complets de verbes avec leur fréquence respective que nous avons classé par familles sémantiques après lemmatisation. Cette procédure nous permet de dégager le potentiel communicatif le plus fondamental des jeunes que devront corriger, accroitre ou organiser les cours de vocabulaire. Nos analyses sont basées sur l’étape de la formulation, sur le niveau conceptuel et discursif. Nous interrogeons les facteurs qui influencent l’acquisition du lexique verbal. / We are pondering over the acquisition of French as the language of education and as a second language in a multilingual situation. Our research study centers on the uses of verbs by French-speaking students. We propose some solutions for the teaching-learning of this vocabulary. The objective is to understand the verbs mainly used by secondary school pupils learning and speaking French as a second language. We have collected our corpus of analysis from pre-adolescents and adolescents in Yaoundé, Cameroon. These data were cross-checked, transcribed, processed, and coded in conformity with the processing protocol of CHILDES,( Child Language Data Exchange System). Hence the FREG command mechanically provided us with an exhaustive list of the verbs and the frequency at which they are used. These verbs were grouped according to their semantic contents after LEMMATIZATION (using the headword technique). This method enabled us to dig out the most fundamental communicative potential of the youngsters who will have to improve on, increase or organize vocabulary classes. Our analyses are concerned with the formulation phases, the conceptual and discursive levels. We are questioning the factors which influence the acquisition of verbal terms.

隨著房價的高漲，建築融資與購屋貸款已成為房地產供需雙方重要的資金來源，但是在國內相關研究不足的情況下，許多存在於不動產金融領域的說法或現象一直無法獲得澄清，使得在探討如何改進我國不動產融資問題時增加許多困難，本研究的目的即在探討我國銀行決定建築融資與購屋貸款放款條件時考量的因素及對擔保品估價的合理性，並將本研究的研究結果提出建議，作為政府與銀行不動產融資政策的參考。 　　本研究以臺灣土地銀行貸放案例為實證資料，研究結果指出，不論建築融資或購屋貸款，標的物價格皆為銀行決定融資額度的最主要原因，而借款人償還能力所受到的重視實在相當有限。此一實證結果說明了我國銀行放款重視標的物的保守心態。而且如預期般，此種過分強調按標的物價格放款的結果，造成徵信放款人員為了確保債權收回或爭取優良客戶，而將借款人所提供的標的物價格壓低或提高的現象，值得銀行與相關單位注意。 　　從以上研究結果，本文建議政府應改善整體金融環境，協助銀行建立完整的徵信制度，消除銀行放款只看擔保品的保守心態，加強重視借款者的信用與償還能力，並儘速建立估價師制度，使借款者權益與銀行的債權獲得合理的保障。而政府如何協助銀行開發資金，建築經理公司如何提昇專業能力，增加銀行資金的流動性與降低放款時的風險，從而提高貸款額度並降低放款利率，將是政府、銀行與建經業者三方面應共同努力的方向。

<p>Syftet med detta examensarbete är att analysera packinspektionsflödet samt att presentera förbättringsförslag för att effektivisera transportpackningsprocessen och reducera platsbristen på packytan. Arbetet är utfört på Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB (SIT) i Finspång under sommaren och hösten 2009.</p><p> </p><p>SIT är en del av det tyskägda företaget Siemens AG och är ett världsledande företag inom tillverkning av gas- och ångturbiner. Ett påtagligt problem är den platsbrist som råder och företaget har inga egna möjligheter att lagra ytterligare produkter, vare sig kortidslagring eller långtidslagring. Vidare är tillverkningskedjan ursprungligen utformad för att klara av ett fåtal kontinuerliga beställningar. I nuläget befinner sig företaget i en situation där de tillverkar fler turbiner än någonsin, vilket medför att både maskiner och personal utsätts för en högre belastning och tillverkningsprojekten måste bedrivas parallellt utan störningar för att kunna produceras i tid. En störning som företaget vill begränsa är den som uppstår vid packinspektioner. Under leveransfasen transportpackas leveransen och i ett fåtal av projekten kräver kunden en packinspektion innan leverans sker.</p><p> </p><p>För att kartlägga packinspektionsmomentet har en nulägesbeskrivning av befintlig process konstruerats. Därifrån konstaterades att den störning som en packinspektion medför är en dominoeffekt som påverkar flera avdelningar i företaget såsom, spedition, transportpackning samt kvalitetsavdelningen. Nulägesbeskrivningen har sedan utgjort underlag för att ta fram de förbättringsförslag som presenteras för att reducera platsbristen på packytan. Majoriteten av förbättringsförslagen baseras på Lean-konceptet, där huvudsyftet har varit att minimera påverkan av packinspektionerna i verksamheten för att få ett bättre flöde, hålla hög kundservice samt minimera ytan som en packinspektion upptar. Ett exempel på detta kan vara att strukturera befintlig packinspektionsprocess.</p><p> </p><p>Resultatet av de förbättringsförslag som redovisats i analysdelen påvisar att det går att få ett bättre flöde genom packinspektionsmomentet samtidigt som packytan inte blir lika belastad vid en packinspektion. I framtiden kommer de förbättringsförslag som behandlas att kunna tillämpas på andra avdelningar och företag som tillämpar packinspektioner. </p>

<p>This study focuses on work related factors which have an effect on the balance between peoples work and private/social life. Commonly discussed in the daily debate is the so called “livspusslet”, the time puzzle. The question is: How do you balance the demands from work, family and society? A lot of peoples health and family relations suffers from a stressful situation at work.</p><p>It’s not hard to figure out that the possible factors which could have an effect on the balance between peoples work and private/social life are many. So, therefore we have limited the research to a number of variables of interest. These variables are then summed up to three key areas for the survey the focus on. These key areas are chosen out of, and based on our previous knowledge and the literature we recently have read about this phenomenon. The key areas are : terms of employment, working environment and flexibility & independence at work.</p><p>We have also created an index, a sum of a number of balance measuring variables, which made it easier for us to see the effects from the key areas on peoples balance between work and private/social life. The literature we have read also tells us about differences between gender, class and career focus. We found that interesting and wanted to find some answers.</p><p>The result of this study and our conclusions are that a stressful work, a physically tough work, the relationship with your work colleges and if you are scared of losing your job, have most effect on the balance between peoples work and private/social life. The study found differences between gender, class and interest in making a career.</p> / <p>Denna undersökning fokuserar på de arbetsrelaterade faktorer som påverkar balansen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv. Det råder idag en omfattande samhällelig och medial debatt om det så kallade livspusslet. Hur ska individen hinna med alla krav som ställs av arbete, familj och samhälle? En allt för kravfylld livssituation kan leda till ohälsa och försämrade familjeförhållanden.</p><p>Undersökningens syfte är att ta reda på vilka arbetsrelaterade variabler som orsakar obalans mellan arbetsliv och privatliv. Ett index som mäter något som vi kallar livsbalans, konstruerades för att få ett mått på förhållandet mellan arbetsliv och privatliv. De arbetsrelaterade variablerna delades in i tre områden med varsin tillhörande frågeställning. Områdena är: anställningstrygghet, arbetsmiljö och flexibilitet & självständighet.</p><p>Studien reder också ut skillnader i livsbalans mellan män och kvinnor, personer med olika klasstillhörighet, eller personer med eller utan fokus på att göra karriär.</p><p>Det som påverkar människors livsbalans mest är om de har ett stressigt arbete, om de är oroliga för att förlora arbetet, om de har ett fysiskt ansträngande arbete eller vilken typ av relation de har med sina arbetskamrater. Självständigt arbete har likaså en effekt på balansindex även om denna effekt är tudelad enligt undersökningens analys. Vi har även funnit skillnader i kategorierna kön, klass och inställning till karriär. Medan mäns livsbalans endast påverkas av stressigt arbete och oro att förlora arbetet påverkas även kvinnors livsbalans av arbetstid, relationer med arbetskamrater samt graden av självständighet i arbetet.</p>

<p>The foundations of the Swedish labour market have shifted due to a number of new circumstances affecting its framework. Employment is no longer a right taken for granted but rather something one should work hard to achieve. Given the new conditions, employers are not only trying to ensure their own businesses survival but also uphold the structures of our society. Competition between enterprises forces management to forge new boundaries to maintain profitability.Concerns have arisen whether or not these so called management strategies are within the limitations of the law. As a result and as a response to the design of the labour laws creativity is peaking to overrun the statutory regulations. This thesis sole ambition is to grasp to what extent the employers can enhance and change terms of employment without breaking the law.Employment agreements concerning temporary employment are at large especially focused upon.</p><p>A strict jurisprudential method has been applied throughout the entire thesis to ensure the reliability of the results. The diversity of sources has been analyzed to assure the overall quality. The legal system at large represents important foundations as well as the historical perspectives. To capture the future foundations and limitations of our labour laws consideration should be acknowledged in comparison to our society’s ever changing demands.The laws and regulations concerning employment agreements can be extensively adjusted without influencing the employees’ rights. That enhances the employers’ power to manage the business in accordance to the shifting market conditions. Some consideration should, in the context, be acknowledged. If the laws are stretched to far the employment agreement will be declared invalid by court along with claims for financial retribution.</p>

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiẗat Köln, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. xxv-xxxvii).

The foundations of the Swedish labour market have shifted due to a number of new circumstances affecting its framework. Employment is no longer a right taken for granted but rather something one should work hard to achieve. Given the new conditions, employers are not only trying to ensure their own businesses survival but also uphold the structures of our society. Competition between enterprises forces management to forge new boundaries to maintain profitability.Concerns have arisen whether or not these so called management strategies are within the limitations of the law. As a result and as a response to the design of the labour laws creativity is peaking to overrun the statutory regulations. This thesis sole ambition is to grasp to what extent the employers can enhance and change terms of employment without breaking the law.Employment agreements concerning temporary employment are at large especially focused upon. A strict jurisprudential method has been applied throughout the entire thesis to ensure the reliability of the results. The diversity of sources has been analyzed to assure the overall quality. The legal system at large represents important foundations as well as the historical perspectives. To capture the future foundations and limitations of our labour laws consideration should be acknowledged in comparison to our society’s ever changing demands.The laws and regulations concerning employment agreements can be extensively adjusted without influencing the employees’ rights. That enhances the employers’ power to manage the business in accordance to the shifting market conditions. Some consideration should, in the context, be acknowledged. If the laws are stretched to far the employment agreement will be declared invalid by court along with claims for financial retribution.

This study focuses on work related factors which have an effect on the balance between peoples work and private/social life. Commonly discussed in the daily debate is the so called “livspusslet”, the time puzzle. The question is: How do you balance the demands from work, family and society? A lot of peoples health and family relations suffers from a stressful situation at work. It’s not hard to figure out that the possible factors which could have an effect on the balance between peoples work and private/social life are many. So, therefore we have limited the research to a number of variables of interest. These variables are then summed up to three key areas for the survey the focus on. These key areas are chosen out of, and based on our previous knowledge and the literature we recently have read about this phenomenon. The key areas are : terms of employment, working environment and flexibility &amp; independence at work. We have also created an index, a sum of a number of balance measuring variables, which made it easier for us to see the effects from the key areas on peoples balance between work and private/social life. The literature we have read also tells us about differences between gender, class and career focus. We found that interesting and wanted to find some answers. The result of this study and our conclusions are that a stressful work, a physically tough work, the relationship with your work colleges and if you are scared of losing your job, have most effect on the balance between peoples work and private/social life. The study found differences between gender, class and interest in making a career. / Denna undersökning fokuserar på de arbetsrelaterade faktorer som påverkar balansen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv. Det råder idag en omfattande samhällelig och medial debatt om det så kallade livspusslet. Hur ska individen hinna med alla krav som ställs av arbete, familj och samhälle? En allt för kravfylld livssituation kan leda till ohälsa och försämrade familjeförhållanden. Undersökningens syfte är att ta reda på vilka arbetsrelaterade variabler som orsakar obalans mellan arbetsliv och privatliv. Ett index som mäter något som vi kallar livsbalans, konstruerades för att få ett mått på förhållandet mellan arbetsliv och privatliv. De arbetsrelaterade variablerna delades in i tre områden med varsin tillhörande frågeställning. Områdena är: anställningstrygghet, arbetsmiljö och flexibilitet &amp; självständighet. Studien reder också ut skillnader i livsbalans mellan män och kvinnor, personer med olika klasstillhörighet, eller personer med eller utan fokus på att göra karriär. Det som påverkar människors livsbalans mest är om de har ett stressigt arbete, om de är oroliga för att förlora arbetet, om de har ett fysiskt ansträngande arbete eller vilken typ av relation de har med sina arbetskamrater. Självständigt arbete har likaså en effekt på balansindex även om denna effekt är tudelad enligt undersökningens analys. Vi har även funnit skillnader i kategorierna kön, klass och inställning till karriär. Medan mäns livsbalans endast påverkas av stressigt arbete och oro att förlora arbetet påverkas även kvinnors livsbalans av arbetstid, relationer med arbetskamrater samt graden av självständighet i arbetet.

This dissertation concerns Sveriges Kommunistiska Parti (SKP) [the Swedish Communist Party] – in 1967 renamed Vänsterpartiet kommunisterna (VPK) [the Left Party – the Communists] and in 1990 renamed Vänsterpartiet (V) [the Left Party] – and the Party's process of coming to terms with history and its communist legacy. The aim of the study is to describe and analyse the SKP/VPK/V's process of coming to terms with history for the period 1956-2006, and to set out and problematise the driving forces and constraining mechanisms of this process. The theoretical framework of the study consists of Gunnar Sjöblom’s theory about party strategies of political parties in multi-party systems and Michael Freeden’s conceptual approach to ideology analysis.      During the period of study the SKP/VPK/V has, like no other political party in Sweden, been ascribed historical guilt regarding its own party history but also regarding the effects of world communism. The Party has thus found itself in a situation where it has had history as an adversary. The process of coming to terms with history has mainly revolved around three issues: independence (1956-1977), international ties (1977-1989) and a broadening beyond the communist tradition (1986-2006). The internal debate within the Party has linked these issues to calls for change aimed at ridding the party of what is considered undesirable elements of the Communist legacy. By analysing the arguments pursued in favour of these calls, it is possible to pick out a number of the driving forces behind the Party's process of coming to terms with history, namely an ambition to obtain vote maximisation, programme realisation and maximisation of parliamentary influence. The urge to distance the Party from certain aspects of its communist past has thus been related to fundamental goals that political parties in multi-party systems seek to obtain.      The results of the dissertation show that it is possible to pick out five main constraining mechanisms in the Party's process of coming to terms with history. 1) The safeguarding of Party cohesion. 2) The safeguarding of the distinctive character of the Party.  3) The need to resist external pressure. 4) The desire to avoid unfair apportioning of blame. 5) The safeguarding of the right to define the substance of one's own ideology. The existence of these constraining mechanisms help to explain why the process of coming to terms with history lingered on for several decades, and also why it seems to have been a process of such complexity for the Swedish Communist and Post-Communist Party.