The Giles Creek and upper Chandler formations crop out in the northeastern Amadeus Basin from the north flank of Ross River syncline south to the Pillar Range, and from the nose of Ooraminna anticline east to the Simpson Desert. 'Twenty-four sections of the Giles Creek and nineteen sections of the upper Chandler were measured by the author in this area. The Giles Creek lies disconformably above the upper Chandler Formation and conformably below the Shannon Formation. The upper Chandler is conformably underlain by the lower Chandler throughout the area except at Ross River Gorge and Wallaby No. 1 well. There the upper Chandler overlies the Todd River Dolomite. The Giles Creek and upper Chandler consist of interbedded carbonates, terrigenous-rich carbonates, and mudrocks. Terrigenous-rich carbonates and mudrocks comprise over half of the volume of the Giles Creek at most locations in the area. Lime mudstones and cryptalgalaminated boundstones with dorral stromatolites are common in the Giles Creek. The Phillipson and Northern Facies of the Giles Creek are locally fossiliferous at the base. Ooids are present at the top of the Southern and Phillipson Facies of the Giles Creek at most locations. Anhydrite is present in the carbonates and mudrocks of the Giles Creek at Dingo No. 1 and Wallaby No. 1 wells. Gypsum is present in dolostones of the Giles Creek at Wallaby No. 1 well. Oncolite grainstones and boundstones, crystalgalaminated boundstones, and birdseye-rich lime mudstones are common in the upper Chandler. The mudrocks of the Giles Creek and upper Chandler are composed of quartz, K-feldspar, illite, muscovite, biotite, kaolinite, smectite, plagioclase, and anhydrite, with minor amounts of limonite, hematite, vermiculite, chlorite, and zircon. Calcite and dolamite cement the mudrocks. Acid-insoluble residues of the carbonates are comprised of the above noncarbonate minerals, organic matter, pyrophyllite, and witherite. The size and amount of terrigenous material in the Giles Creek increases to the west-southwest, which indicates that the terrigenous sediments were derived from a source area in that direction. Sediments of the Giles Creek and upper Chandler were dolomitized by seepage-reflux of a hypersaline brine. Lateral and vertical variations in the amount of dolanite are inversely related to the amount of terrigenous material, and indicate that permeability of the sediments was a controlling factor in the distribution of dolomite in the Giles Creek. Sediments of the Giles Creek and upper Chandler accumulated on shoals, in shoal-margin lagoons, on tidal flats, and in intracoastal lagoons. Shallow, open-shelf deposits are also present at the base of the Giles Creek at Ross River Gorge. Cyclicity in the sediments of the Giles Creek was caused by lateral shifts in the position of the tidal flats and intracoastal lagoons during continual subsidence of the basin. Both the Giles Creek and upper Chandler -were deposited during major regressions of the sea. Lateral relations of lithofacies in the Giles Creek indicate that the area was bounded by deeper water to the north and south during the Middle Cambrian. Differential subsidence of the basin resulted in deposition of greater thicknesses of Giles Creek sediments in the Phillipson Pound and Ross River-Fergusson syncline areas. Differential subsidence in the Phillipson Pound area was partially offset by salt-induced growth of Ooraminna, Tood River-Windmill, Brumby, and Teresa anticlines. Facies relations and lateral variations in thickness of the Giles Creek suggest that the amount of offset on the Rodinga and Carrel Flat faults is minor, perhaps on the order of 1 to 2 kilometers at most. Initial carbonate sediments of the Giles Creek and upper Chandler were altered by syngenetic inversion of aragonite to calcite, recrystallization of calcite, precipitation of pyrite, and replacer-rent of calcite by dolomite; anagenetic silicification, compaction, and fracturing; and epigenetic oxidation, precipitation of calcite, dedolomitization, and silicification. Post-depositional changes in the terrigenous sediments include syngenetic oxidation, alteration of clay minerals, precipitation of silica, and dolomitization.

Understanding how coral reefs have developed in the past is crucial for placing contemporary ecological and environmental change within appropriate reef-building timescales (i.e. centennial to millennial). On Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR), coral reefs situated within nearshore settings on the inner continental shelf are a particular priority. This is due to their close proximity to river point sources, and therefore susceptibility to reduced water quality as the result of extensive modification of adjacent river catchments following European settlement in the region (ca. 1850 CE). However, the extent of water quality decline and its impact on the coral reefs of the GBR’s inner-shelf remains contentious and is confounded by a paucity of long-term (> decadal) datasets. Central to the on-going debate is uncertainty related to the impact of increased sediment loads, relative to the natural movement and resuspension of terrigenous sediments, which have accumulated on the inner-shelf over the last ~6,000 years. The main aim of this thesis was to characterise and investigate the vertical development of turbid nearshore coral reefs on the central GBR. This aim was achieved through the recovery of 21 reef cores (3 - 5 m in length) from five proximal turbid nearshore reefs, currently distributed across the spectrum of reef ‘geomorphological development’ within the Paluma Shoals reef complex (PSRC). The recovered reef cores were used to establish detailed depositional and palaeoecological records for the investigation of the (1) internal development and vertical accretionary history of the PSRC; and (2) compositional variation in turbid nearshore coral and benthic foraminiferal assemblages during vertical reef accretion towards sea level. Established chronostratigraphic and palaeoecological records were further used to assess the impact of post-European settlement associated water quality change in a turbid nearshore reef setting on the central GBR. Radiocarbon dating (n = 96 dates) revealed reef initiation within the PSRC to have occurred between ~2,000 and 1,000 calibrated years before present, with subsequent reef development occurring under the persistent influence of fine-grained (< 0.063 mm) terrigenous sediments. The internal development of the PSRC was characterised by discrete reef facies comprised of a loose coral framework with an unconsolidated siliciclastic-carbonate sediment matrix. A total of 29 genera of Scleractinian coral and 86 genera of benthic foraminifera were identified from the palaeoecological inventory of the PSRC. Both coral and benthic foraminiferal assemblages were characterised by distinct assemblages of taxa pre-adapted to sediment stress (i.e. low light availability and high sedimentation). At the genus level, no discernable evidence of compositional change in either coral or benthic foraminiferal assemblages was found, relative to European settlement. Instead, variations in assemblage composition were driven by intrinsic changes in prevailing abiotic conditions under vertical reef accretion towards sea level (e.g. hydrodynamic energy, light availability, and sedimentation rate). These findings therefore highlight the importance for considering reef ‘geomorphological development’ when interpreting contemporary reef ecological status. Furthermore, this research emphasises the robust nature of turbid nearshore reefs and suggests that they may be more resilient to changes in water quality than those associated with environmental settings where local background sedimentary conditions are less extreme (e.g. towards the inner/mid-shelf boundary). To this end, this thesis presents new baseline records with which to assess contemporary ecological and environmental change within turbid nearshore settings on the central GBR.

The Gaoping (GP) river which has the largest drainage basin and is the second longest river in Taiwan. Highly erodible sedimentary and metamorphic rocks in the drainage basin, coupled with a steep landscape, humid climate, frequent typhoons and earthquakes, provide favorable conditions for bedrock weathering and soil erosion in the GP drainage basin. Its exceptionally high sediment yield and tidal-dominated dispersal system presents a unique case for comparative study. In this study, we collected sediment and soil samples not only from estuary region but also traced up to upper stream areas of the GP drainage. We analyze the content of n-alkanes in the sediments and soils of GP river-sea system, and utilize compositional patterns to discuss the sources and process of transmission of terrigenous organic matter of GP river-sea system. Analyzed results show that the average carbon chain distribution shows same pattern for rocks, riverine and seafloor sediments but is different with soil samples. Hierarchical cluster analysis helps us to distinguish differently compositional patterns of n-alkanes. And the riverine, seafloor and rock samples have high similarity, except for soils. The spatial distribution of the carbon preference index (CPI) and temporal distribution of CPI in cores, show that values are all close to ~1, but not for soils (>2). This result indicates that for the past 150 years, lower CPI values not merely from petroleum pollutions, but also due to thermal mature terrestrial organic matter eroded from bedrock caused by tectonic and climatic events, such as typhoons and earthquakes.

O complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape vem sofrendo diversos impactos antrópicos desde à abertura do canal artificial Valo Grande, que alterou significativamente o setor Norte do sistema com o aumento da influência fluvial. O assoreamento da região, vem sendo um problema recorrente, impactando a pesca, o turismo e a navegação. Este trabalho visa entender a dispersão do aporte terrígeno na região a partir da modelagem numérica, com dados atualizados, para melhor reprodução da simulação no estuário. Os resultados do modelo mostraram altas concentrações dos componentes biogeoquímicos no setor Norte do sistema e baixa influência da maré, ocasionando alta retenção destes elementos na região. O setor Sul apresentou baixa influência do rio e alta influência marinha, com valores de silicato e fosfato dissolvidos e matéria inorgânica em suspensão dentro do esperado para um sistema estuarino preservado. O modelo apresentou um bom comportamento para a região, com bons resultados hidrodinâmicos e de qualidade da água. Ressalta-se a importância de um contínuo monitoramento da região e o uso de modelo para acompanhar o desenvolvimento geomorfológico e as alterações biogeoquímicas do estuário para auxiliar em medidas preventivas com o intuito de minimizar o impacto antrópico no sistema. / The estuarine-lagoon complex of Cananéia-Iguape has suffered several anthropic impacts since the opening of the Valo Grande artificial channel, which significantly altered the northern sector of the system with the increase of fluvial influence. The silting up of the region has been a recurrent problem, impacting fishing, tourism and navigation. This work aims to understand the dispersion of the terrigenous contribution in the region with numerical modeling and updated data, for better reproduction of the simulation in the estuary. The results of the model showed high concentrations of the biogeochemical components in the northern sector of the system and low tidal influence, causing high retention of these elements in the region. The southern sector showed low river influence and high marine influence, with expected values of dissolved silica and phosphate and inorganic suspended matter for a preserved estuarine system. The model showed a good behavior for the region, with good hydrodynamic and water quality results. It is emphasized the importance of continuous monitoring of the region and the use of a model to monitoring the geomorphological development and the biogeochemical alterations of the estuary to assist in preventive measures with the intention of minimizing the anthropic impact in the system.

O complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape vem sofrendo diversos impactos antrópicos desde à abertura do canal artificial Valo Grande, que alterou significativamente o setor Norte do sistema com o aumento da influência fluvial. O assoreamento da região, vem sendo um problema recorrente, impactando a pesca, o turismo e a navegação. Este trabalho visa entender a dispersão do aporte terrígeno na região a partir da modelagem numérica, com dados atualizados, para melhor reprodução da simulação no estuário. Os resultados do modelo mostraram altas concentrações dos componentes biogeoquímicos no setor Norte do sistema e baixa influência da maré, ocasionando alta retenção destes elementos na região. O setor Sul apresentou baixa influência do rio e alta influência marinha, com valores de silicato e fosfato dissolvidos e matéria inorgânica em suspensão dentro do esperado para um sistema estuarino preservado. O modelo apresentou um bom comportamento para a região, com bons resultados hidrodinâmicos e de qualidade da água. Ressalta-se a importância de um contínuo monitoramento da região e o uso de modelo para acompanhar o desenvolvimento geomorfológico e as alterações biogeoquímicas do estuário para auxiliar em medidas preventivas com o intuito de minimizar o impacto antrópico no sistema. / The estuarine-lagoon complex of Cananéia-Iguape has suffered several anthropic impacts since the opening of the Valo Grande artificial channel, which significantly altered the northern sector of the system with the increase of fluvial influence. The silting up of the region has been a recurrent problem, impacting fishing, tourism and navigation. This work aims to understand the dispersion of the terrigenous contribution in the region with numerical modeling and updated data, for better reproduction of the simulation in the estuary. The results of the model showed high concentrations of the biogeochemical components in the northern sector of the system and low tidal influence, causing high retention of these elements in the region. The southern sector showed low river influence and high marine influence, with expected values of dissolved silica and phosphate and inorganic suspended matter for a preserved estuarine system. The model showed a good behavior for the region, with good hydrodynamic and water quality results. It is emphasized the importance of continuous monitoring of the region and the use of a model to monitoring the geomorphological development and the biogeochemical alterations of the estuary to assist in preventive measures with the intention of minimizing the anthropic impact in the system.

One of the most difficult issues when dealing with optical water remote-sensing is its acceptance as a useful application for environmental research. This problem is, on the one hand, concerned with the optical complexity and variability of the investigated natural media, and therefore the question arises as to the plausibility of the parameters derived from remote-sensing techniques. Detailed knowledge about the regional bio- and chemico-optical properties is required for such studies, however such information is seldom available for the sites of interest. On the other hand, the primary advantage of remote-sensing information, which is the provision of a spatial overview, may not be exploited fully by the disciplines that would benefit most from such information. It is often seen in a variety of disciplines that scientists have been primarily trained to look at discrete data sets, and therefore have no experience of incorporating information dealing with spatial heterogeneity. <br><br> In this thesis, the opportunity was made available to assess the potential of Ocean Colour data to provide spatial and seasonal information about the surface waters of Lake Baikal (Siberia). While discrete limnological field data is available, the spatial extension of Lake Baikal is enormous (ca. 600 km), while the field data are limited to selected sites and expedition time windows. Therefore, this remote-sensing investigation aimed to support a multi-disciplinary limnological investigation within the framework of the paleoclimate EU-project ‘High Resolution CONTINENTal Paleoclimate Record in Lake Baikal, Siberia (CONTINENT)’ using spatial and seasonal information from the SeaWiFS satellite (NASA). From this, the SeaWiFS study evolved to become the first efficient bio-optical satellite study of Lake Baikal. <br><br> During the course of three years, field work including spectral field measurements and water sampling, was carried out at Lake Baikal in Southern Siberia, and at the Mecklenburg and Brandenburg lake districts in Germany. The first step in processing the SeaWiFS satellite data involved adapting the SeaDAS (NASA) atmospheric-correction processing to match as close as possible the specific conditions of Lake Baikal. Next, various Chl-<i>a</i> algorithms were tested on the atmospherically-corrected optimized SeaWiFS data set (years 2001 to 2002), comparing the CONTINENT pigment ground-truth data with the Chl-<i>a</i> concentrations derived from the satellite data. This showed the high performance of the global Chl-<i>a</i> products OC2 and OC4 for the oligotrophic, transparent waters (bio-optical Case 1) of Lake Baikal. However, considerable Chl-<i>a</i> overestimation prevailed in bio-optical Case 2 areas for the case of discharge events. High-organic terrigenous input into Lake Baikal could be traced and information extracted using the SeaWiFS spectral data. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) was quantified by the regression of the SeaDAS attenuation coefficient as the optical parameter with SPM field data. <br><br> Finally, the Chl-<i>a</i> and terrigenous input maps derived from the remote sensing data were used to assist with analyzing the relationships between the various discrete data obtained during the CONTINENT field work. Hence, plausible spatial and seasonal information describing autochthonous and allochthonous material in Lake Baikal could be provided by satellite data.<br>Lake Baikal, with its bio-optical complexity and its different areas of Case 1 and Case 2 waters, is a very interesting case study for Ocean Colour analyses. Proposals for future Ocean Colour studies of Lake Baikal are discussed, including which bio-optical parameters for analytical models still need to be clarified by field investigations. / Die Gewässerfernerkundung entwickelte sich seit den 70ern vor allem aus der Ozeanographie und der Atmosphärenforschung, und wird inzwischen als anerkannte Methode genutzt, um global die Phytoplanktonverteilung in den Weltmeeren erfassen zu können, u.a. für CO₂-Haushaltsmodellierungen. Atmosphärenkorrigierte Multi- und Hyperspektralscannerdaten ermöglichen die Qualifizierung bio-optischer Gewässertypen und die Quantifizierung optisch sichtbarer Wasserinhaltsstoffe und bieten gerade auch für dynamische und heterogene Küsten- und Binnengewässer das große Potential des räumlichen Informationsgewinnes.<br>Im Rahmen des Paläoklimaprojektes CONTINENT wurde in dieser Arbeit das Oberflächenwasser des Baikalsees mit Gewässerfernerkungsmethoden analysiert. Wichtig für die Interpretation von Klima-Proxies sind v.a. auch Hinweise auf die Verteilung des autochthonen Materials im Baikalsee (Fernerkundungsparameter: Chlorophyll-<i>a</i>), ebenso wie Hinweise auf allochthone Einträge an den Bohrungsstellen (Fernerkundungsparameter ‚Terrigener Eintrag’). Auf den Geländekampagnen in den Sommern 2001, 2002, 2003 in Sibirien und in Deutschland wurden Feldspektrometermessungen mit gleichzeitiger Wasserprobenahme auf die optisch sichtbaren Wasserinhaltsstoffe Phytoplankton, Schwebstoff, und DOC durchgeführt. Dabei konnten Messtechniken für Geländespektrometer evaluiert, und grundlegende Aussagen über die spektrale Verteilung des In-Wasser Lichtfeldes im Baikalsee gemacht werden. <br><br> Die Ocean Colour Satellitendaten des NASA-Instrumentes SeaWiFS und die Möglichkeiten der komplexen NASA Software SeaDAS wurden genutzt. Für die Ableitung des am Baikalsee anzutreffenden organikreichen terrigenen Eintrages, wurde ein vorläufiger Algorithmus aus den Geländedaten generiert. Verschiedene Algorithmen für den Parameter ‚Chlorophyll-<i>a</i>’ wurden mit dem Geländedatensatz der Projektpartnerin S. Fietz (Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei, IGB) evaluiert. Als geeignetester etablierte sich der auf oligotrophe Gewässer optimierte NASA Chlorophyll Algorithmus ‚Ocean Colour (OC) 2’. Die Quantifizierungen und Ergebnisse werden diskutiert. <br><br> Als Endergebnis wird der Überblick über Sedimenteintrag und Phytoplanktondynamik im Baikalsee für den Zeitraum 2001-2002 zur Verfügung gestellt und die autochthonen versus allochthonen Einflüsse an den Projektlokationen werden beschrieben. Der Baikalsee erwies sich als bio-optisch ein sehr komplexes und interessantes Studienobjekt. Ein wichtiger Punkt, der in dieser Arbeit angesprochen wird, ist die Atmosphärenkorrektur, die wesentliche Einflüsse auf die Qualifizierungen und Quantifizierungen hat, aber als Standardprogramm nur für den pelagialen Wasserkörper in Meeresspiegelhöhe mit marinen, bzw. Küstenatmosphären konditioniert ist. Ein weiterer bedeutender Punkt, der in dieser Arbeit diskutiert wird, ist der relevante spektrale Einfluss des organikreichen terrigenen Eintrages auf die Gewässerfarbe und dadurch auf die Qualität der Chlorophyll-Ableitung. Somit boten sich die Möglichkeiten, das räumliche Ausmaß und die Dynamik rezenter terrigener Einträge zu erfassen. Auch die Entwicklung des Phytoplankton von Frühsommer bis Spätsommer im Baikalsee konnte mit den SeaWiFS Daten nachvollzogen werden. Die hier vorgestellte Studie stellte sich als die erste grundlegende optische Gewässerfernerkundungsstudie mit Satellitendaten am Baikalsee heraus, und konnte erfolgreich abgeschlossen werden.

L’étage Valanginien est caractérisé dans le registre sédimentaire par une excursion positive des isotopes du carbone (amplitude 1,5-2‰), appelée « Episode Weissert ». Cet événement coïncide avec des changements paléoenvironnementaux et paléoclimatiques majeurs. La formation de la province volcanique ignée du Paraná-Etendeka a été proposée comme principal facteur forçant contrôlant ces changements. Cependant, de récentes études démontrent que l’Episode Weissert précède systématiquement l’activité volcanique. Ainsi, les facteurs déclenchant qui contrôlent ces changements sont encore source de débat. Dans cette étude des analyses cyclostratigraphique, biostratigraphique, minéralogique et géochimique ont été réalisés sur des sites de moyennes et hautes latitudes (coupes d’Orpierre et de La Charce/Arnayon dans le Bassin Vocontien, site 765C dans la plaine abyssale Argo) dans le but (i) d’explorer la dynamique des changements paléoenvironnementaux à l’échelle locale versus globale et (ii) de discuter des possibles facteurs forçant contrôlant l’épisode Weissert. Les processus diagénétiques et sédimentologiques locaux, qui pouvaient modifier le signal paléoclimatique, ont été discuté avant des interprétations paléoenvironnementales. La calibration astronomique de l’épisode Weissert, réalisée sur la coupe d’Orpierre, a permis pour la première fois le calcul de flux détritiques et de nutriments dans le Bassin Vocontien. Ces résultats indiquent de rapides changements climatiques aux moyennes latitudes, marqués par des conditions plus humides pendant l’Episode Weissert et des conditions plus sèches au Valanginien supérieur. En parallèle de nouvelles données géochimiques et minéralogiques, réalisés sur le site ODP 765C, ont été intégrées à une compilation globale de données géochimique et minéralogique sur 23 coupes répartie dans cinq grands environnements. Trois ceintures climatiques latitudinales majeures ont été identifié durant le Valanginien : (i) une ceinture aride dans l’océan proto Nord Atlantique (~15-17°N), (ii) une ceinture climatique subtropical dans la marge NW téthysienne (~25-30°N), et (iii) une ceinture climatique chaude et tempéré aux sites de hautes latitudes (~53°S et ~40 à ~70°N). Il apparaît que durant cette période, des facteurs orbitaux et tectoniques peuvent avoir contrôlé la distribution de ces ceintures et les principaux changements durant l’Episode Weissert. / The Valanginian stage witnesses a positive carbon isotope excursion (amplitude 1.5-2‰) in the sedimentary records, the so-called « Weissert Episode ». This event coincides with major palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic changes. The formation of the Paraná-Etendeka large igneous province has widely been proposed as the major driving force behind these changes. However recent investigations demonstrate that the Weissert Episode precedes the volcanic activity. Thus the driving force(s) behind these changes are still under debate. In the herein study, cyclostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, mineralogical and geochemical analyses have been performed on mid- and high latitudes sites (the Orpierre and Arnayon/La Charce sections in the Vocontian Basin, and the ODP hole 765C in the Argo abyssal plain) in order (i) to explore the dynamic of the local versus global processes in the palaeoenvironmental changes and (ii) to discuss the possible forcing factors behind the Weissert Episode. Local diagenetic and sedimentological processes that might bias the palaeoclimatic signals are highlighted and discussed before any palaeoenvironmental interpretation. The astronomical calibration of the Weissert Episode performed at Orpierre, allowed for the first time, the calculation of detrital and nutrient influxes into the Vocontian basin. They highlight rapid climate changes at mid latitudes, characterized by pronounced humid conditions during the Weissert Event (Early–Late Valanginian transition) and drier conditions in the Late Valanginian. In parallel, new geochemical and mineralogical analyses performed on the ODP hole 765C have been integrated to a global compilation of published geochemical and mineralogical data from 23 sections, located in five depositional environments. Three latitudinal belts have been recognized during the Valanginian : (i) an arid palaeolatitudinal belt in the Proto North Atlantic Ocean (~15–17°N), (ii) a subtropical climatic belt in the Northwestern Tethyan margin (~25–30°N) ; and (iii) a warm temperate palaeoclimatic belt in the high latitudes site (~53°S and ~40 to 70°N). It appears that during this period, both tectonic and orbital factors might have controlled the distribution of the palaeoclimatic belts and the major palaeoenvironmental changes during the Weissert Episode.

Análises sedimentológicas e geoquímicas realizadas no registro sedimentar GeoB 16204-2 (01°9.75\'S, 42°20.30\'O, 1210 m de profundidade) permitiram reconhecer três períodos com diferentes configurações paleoceanográficas e paleoclimáticas ao longo dos últimos 8100 anos para margem equatorial brasileira. O primeiro período (8100 - 5000 anos cal A.P.) foi caracterizado por condições hidrodinâmicas mais intensas, menor influência marinha e maior aporte continental, constatados por menores valores de sortable silt, maior porcentagem da fração areia, menores conteúdos de CaCO3 e maiores valores das razões de Ti/Ca e Fe/Ca. O segundo período (5000 - 2500 anos cal A.P.) apresentou maiores flutuações na intensidade das correntes de fundo e diminuição do aporte continental indicados por variações do sortable silt, moda não definida na distribuição dos tamanhos das partículas (PSD) e tendência decrescente das razões Ti/Ca e Fe/Ca. O terceiro período (2500 anos cal A.P. - presente), prevaleceram condições hidrodinâmicas menos intensas e menor aporte continental sinalizados por moda do PSD próximo a 7 &Phi; e menores valores das razões Fe/Ca e Ti/Ca. Ao longo dos 8100 anos ocorreu uma desintensificação da corrente de fundo, provavelmente associado a um enfraquecimento da célula de revolvimento meridional do Atlântico (AMOC) e também à migração em direção sul da Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT). A migração da ZCIT além de influenciar as correntes oceânicas também contribuiu para mudanças das configurações atmosféricas favorecendo condições mais secas na região de estudo durante o Holoceno Tardio. Estimativas de temperatura e salinidade da superfície do mar revelam pouca variação nos últimos 5.000 anos, com valores próximos aos da média climatológicos atuais, 26,4°C e 36,5. / Sedimentological and geochemical analyzes on sedimentary record GeoB 16204-2 (01°9.75 \'S, 42°20:30\'W, 1210 m depth) allowed to recognize three periods with different paleoceanographic settings and paleoclimatic over the last 8100 years for the Brazilian equatorial margin . The first period (8100 - 5000 cal yr BP) was characterized by more intense hydrodynamic conditions, lower marine influence and greater continental contribution, evidenced by lower values of sortable silt, higher percentage of sand fraction, lower CaCO3 content and higher values of the Ti / Ca and Fe / Ca ratios. The second period (5000 - 2500 cal yr BP) showed greater fluctuations in the intensity of bottom currents and decreased continental contribution indicated by variations of sortable silt, poorly defined mode in the particle size distribution (PSD) and decrease trend of the Ti / Ca and Fe / Ca ratios. The third period (2500 cal yr BP - present), was dominated by less intense hydrodynamic conditions and less continental contribution indicated by for mode PSD about 7 &Phi; and lower values of Fe/Ca and Ti/Ca ratios. Over the 8100 years there has been a weakening of North Brazilian Current, probably associated with a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and also the southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Besides influencing ocean currents the migration of the ITCZ also contributed to changes atmospheric conditions, favoring drier conditions in the study area during the Late Holocene. Sea surface temperature ans salinity show little change in the last 5000 years, with values close to the current climatological average, 26.4 ° C and 36.5.

Análises sedimentológicas e geoquímicas realizadas no registro sedimentar GeoB 16204-2 (01°9.75\'S, 42°20.30\'O, 1210 m de profundidade) permitiram reconhecer três períodos com diferentes configurações paleoceanográficas e paleoclimáticas ao longo dos últimos 8100 anos para margem equatorial brasileira. O primeiro período (8100 - 5000 anos cal A.P.) foi caracterizado por condições hidrodinâmicas mais intensas, menor influência marinha e maior aporte continental, constatados por menores valores de sortable silt, maior porcentagem da fração areia, menores conteúdos de CaCO3 e maiores valores das razões de Ti/Ca e Fe/Ca. O segundo período (5000 - 2500 anos cal A.P.) apresentou maiores flutuações na intensidade das correntes de fundo e diminuição do aporte continental indicados por variações do sortable silt, moda não definida na distribuição dos tamanhos das partículas (PSD) e tendência decrescente das razões Ti/Ca e Fe/Ca. O terceiro período (2500 anos cal A.P. - presente), prevaleceram condições hidrodinâmicas menos intensas e menor aporte continental sinalizados por moda do PSD próximo a 7 &Phi; e menores valores das razões Fe/Ca e Ti/Ca. Ao longo dos 8100 anos ocorreu uma desintensificação da corrente de fundo, provavelmente associado a um enfraquecimento da célula de revolvimento meridional do Atlântico (AMOC) e também à migração em direção sul da Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT). A migração da ZCIT além de influenciar as correntes oceânicas também contribuiu para mudanças das configurações atmosféricas favorecendo condições mais secas na região de estudo durante o Holoceno Tardio. Estimativas de temperatura e salinidade da superfície do mar revelam pouca variação nos últimos 5.000 anos, com valores próximos aos da média climatológicos atuais, 26,4°C e 36,5. / Sedimentological and geochemical analyzes on sedimentary record GeoB 16204-2 (01°9.75 \'S, 42°20:30\'W, 1210 m depth) allowed to recognize three periods with different paleoceanographic settings and paleoclimatic over the last 8100 years for the Brazilian equatorial margin . The first period (8100 - 5000 cal yr BP) was characterized by more intense hydrodynamic conditions, lower marine influence and greater continental contribution, evidenced by lower values of sortable silt, higher percentage of sand fraction, lower CaCO3 content and higher values of the Ti / Ca and Fe / Ca ratios. The second period (5000 - 2500 cal yr BP) showed greater fluctuations in the intensity of bottom currents and decreased continental contribution indicated by variations of sortable silt, poorly defined mode in the particle size distribution (PSD) and decrease trend of the Ti / Ca and Fe / Ca ratios. The third period (2500 cal yr BP - present), was dominated by less intense hydrodynamic conditions and less continental contribution indicated by for mode PSD about 7 &Phi; and lower values of Fe/Ca and Ti/Ca ratios. Over the 8100 years there has been a weakening of North Brazilian Current, probably associated with a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and also the southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Besides influencing ocean currents the migration of the ITCZ also contributed to changes atmospheric conditions, favoring drier conditions in the study area during the Late Holocene. Sea surface temperature ans salinity show little change in the last 5000 years, with values close to the current climatological average, 26.4 ° C and 36.5.

Submitted by Biblioteca de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica BGQ (bgq@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-04-03T16:44:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 THIAGO ANDRADE DE SOUSA .pdf: 5768772 bytes, checksum: b3c4e1c52ed521e2c3772627711af6fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-03T16:44:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 THIAGO ANDRADE DE SOUSA .pdf: 5768772 bytes, checksum: b3c4e1c52ed521e2c3772627711af6fa (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências- Geoquímica Ambiental. Niterói, RJ / Os sedimentos continentais depositados no fundo oceânico estão condicionados, majoritariamente, a evolução do clima, ao substrato geológico e ao tipo de transporte, sendo o transporte fluvial o de maior magnitude. Uma vez depositado, os sedimentos tornam-se registros do passado e carregam informações sob a forma de assinatura geoquímica. Os Elementos Terras Raras (ETR) apresentam um comportamento coerente ao longo de uma coluna sedimentar tornando-os útil nos estudos de proveniência sedimentar. Razões entre elementos maiores (Fe/Ca, por exemplo) são descritos na literatura como indicadores de reconstrução do aporto terrígeno. A geoquímica dos ETR e elementos maiores são determinados neste trabalho para o entendimento da dinâmica paleoclimática sobre o aporte e proveniência dos sedimentos da margem leste (Bacia de Santos) do Brasil, e as anomalias do Ce e Eu, confrontando técnicas analíticas distintas (ICP-MS e XRF core scanner) nos principais eventos abruptos (Younger Dryas e Heinrich events) ao longo dos últimos 45.000 anos. Igualmente é discutido a proveniência do material sedimentar por meio de razões entre Elementos Terras Raras leve (ETRL) e Elementos Terras Raras pesado (ETRP) comparando possíveis fontes disponíveis na literatura. O padrão de distribuição indica enriquecimento em ETRM sobre ETRL e ETRP em todos os eventos. Isso significa que a proveniência deste material, provavelmente, deve-se a uma única fonte. As concentrações dos ETRL são sempre maiores que ETRM e ETRP. Esse padrão é outro indicativo de fonte única do material sedimentar. O somatório das concentrações dos ETR durante o MIS 2 é sempre maior do que o MIS 1. O comportamento dos ETR durante os eventos Heinrich são bem similares. A média das concentrações dos ETR nestes eventos são superiores aos encontrados no MIS 1 – Interglacial. As análises das razões Fe/Ca e Ti/Ca pelas duas técnicas mostram-se coerentes e indicam maiores durante o MIS 2. Isto é devido ao aumento de chuvas na região (intensificação do SMAS), nível do mar regressivo (plataforma continental exposta) e por efeitos de diluição do carbonato marinho estimulada pela entrada de matéria orgânica. As razões Al/Si e Fe/K apresentam sinais distintos ao longo do testemunho deste estudo. O aumento de Si durante o MIS 2, em relação aos outros períodos, indica que o glacial foi menos úmido que o interglacial. O aumento de K dentro dos eventos Heinrich indica mudança no padrão de intemperismo continental devido aos episódios de chuvas e aumento no intemperismo químico nas bacias de drenagens. A anomalia do Ce é negativa em todos os períodos e indica condições oxidantes no ambiente deposicional ou oriundas de uma porção detrítica continental. A anomalia do Eu é ligeiramente positiva para todos os períodos. Isto é um indicativo de assimilação ou acúmulo de feldspato. Dados de cinco possíveis fontes para a proveniência do material foram extraídos da literatura. Os sedimentos de Cabo Frio apresentam fracionamento entre ETRL e ETRP próximos aos dados deste estudo. Entretanto, para a razão (Eu/Sm) observa-se boa correlação com fontes vindas da Patagônia e do Rio da Prata. Alguns autores apontam a pluma do Rio da Prata na contribuição sedimentar na região da Bacia de Santos. / The continental sediments deposited in the ocean floor are conditioned, mainly, to the evolution of the climate, the geological substrate and the type of transport, being the fluvial transport of the greater magnitude. Once deposited, the sediments become records of the past and carry information in a form of geochemical signature. Rare Earth Elements (REE) present a coercive behavior along a sedimentary column making them useful for studies of sedimentary origin. Ratios for larger elements (Fe/Ca, for example) are indicators of the reconstruction of the terrigenous port. The geochemistry of the ETR and major elements are determined in this work to understand the paleoclimatic dynamics on the contribution and provenance of the sediments of the eastern margin (Santos Basin) of Brazil, and the anomalies of the Ce and Eu, confronting different analytical techniques (ICP- MS and XRF core scanner) in the main abrupt events (Younger Dryas and Heinrich events) over the last 45,000 years. The origin of the sedimentary material is also discussed by means of ratios between Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) and Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE) comparing possible sources available in the literature. The distribution pattern indicates MREE enrichment over LREE and HREE in all events. This means that the origin of this material, probably, is related to a single source. LREE concentrations are always higher than MREE and HREE. This pattern is another indicative of a single source of sedimentary material. The sum of REE concentrations during MIS 2 is always greater than MIS 1. The behavior of REE during Heinrich events is very similar. The mean REE concentrations in these events are higher than those found in MIS 1 - Interglacial. The analyses of Fe/Ca and Ti/Ca ratios are stronger than those observed during the investigation period (MIS) due to the regressive margin level (continental shelf exposed), and the effects of dilution of the marine carbonate stimulated by imput of organic matter. The Al/Si and Fe/K ratios show distinct signals over time during this study. The increase of Si during MIS 2, in relation to the other periods, indicates that the glacial was less humid than the interglacial. The increase of K within the Heinrich events indicates a change in the continental weather pattern due to rainfall episodes and increase in chemical weathering in the drainage basins. The Ce anomaly is negative at all periods and indicates oxidizing conditions in the depositional environment or from a continental detrital portion. The Eu anomaly is slightly positive for all periods. This is an indicative of assimilation or accumulation of feldspar. Data from five possible sources for a sample of the material was extracted from the literature. The Cabo Frio sediments show the fractionation between LREE and HREE. However, for a (Eu / Sm) ratio a good correlation is observed with sources coming from Patagonia and Rio de la Plata. Some authors point out a region of the River Plate and a sedimentary region in the region of the Santos Basin.