Management in industrial family businesses in textiles, in a politically-charged Iran, tends to seek continuity through inter-generational succession. Scant research into the phases involved and the influences in this regional context means that it would be commercially advantageous to understand how such families manage the process of succession, and what these influences actually are. Thus, initially a broad literature review was conducted in the area of family business succession, to discern whether the succession process of Iranian family business is aligned with existing literature; a conceptual framework representing succession in the target group was developed; and broad influential factors on the abovementioned succession process were identified, and probed for their criticality. Subsequently, this work follows an inductive approach of constructing theoretical frameworks from looking interpretively across multiple case study findings, from company interviews where successors were male, female and joint-tenure. It initially devotes considerable attention to articulating themes of the drivers and challenges, and transition strategy, before distilling through cross-case analysis the essential influential factors and what defines the phases that a successor proceeds through, from both successor and predecessor perspectives. Finally these are discussed with a number of insights coming into focus, namely the peculiarities of: the environment given the governance issues and internationally sanctioned business conditions; the foreign education experience of English-speaking successors and their autonomy as part of their identity alongside their surpassing of the predecessor academically which drives modernisation; and trust as a clear milestone marker. Notably, the widely accepted conceptualisation of succession in four phases – initiation, integration, joint reign and withdrawal – is extended in this work to include an initial phase, priming, supported by substantive literature on affective commitment arising from parent-child relations. Further, a complex conceptual mapping of the innate phase-specific characteristics helps in the understanding of successor capacity and progress. Notwithstanding the limitations inherent from using a flexible instrument in a qualitative study across narrow business perspectives, and without claim to any single generalisation, management consultancy and practice might consider being alert to the above insights and pressures emanating from important points on the two conceptualised models. The study also has an exploratory aspect that opens up multiple avenues for further investigation into specific mechanisms within this type of transition.

A indÃstria tÃxtil brasileira sentiu os efeitos causados pelas mudanÃas ocorridas nas trÃs Ãltimas dÃcadas, como a inserÃÃo de novos insumos e consequentemente novos produtos, bem como a abertura comercial e o Plano Real. Com isso, a indÃstria tÃxtil do Brasil vem perdendo participaÃÃo na economia do paÃs assim como no mercado mundial. Este comportamento tambÃm vem sendo verificado na indÃstria tÃxtil do CearÃ, onde as pesquisas conjunturais indicaram uma perda acima da mÃdia nacional. Diante desse contexto, este estudo tem a finalidade de investigar a competitividade da indÃstria tÃxtil brasileira e cearense. Para avaliar a competitividade do setor tÃxtil cearense, utilizou-se a teoria das Cinco ForÃas, de Michael Porter, com a construÃÃo de Ãndices em comparaÃÃo com os principais estados que compÃem o setor tÃxtil brasileiro. Para analisar a competitividade da indÃstria tÃxtil brasileira, foram mensurados os lucros do setor atravÃs de metodologia estatÃstica de dados em painel. Para esse trabalho foram utilizados os dados da Pesquisa Anual Industrial realizada pelo IBGE e os dados do Aliceweb. Os resultados indicaram que a indÃstria tÃxtil cearense apresenta elevada produtividade por trabalhador e um dos menores custos de produÃÃo. Mas o setor no estado indicou fragilidade no fornecimento de insumos pelo mercado externo e pouca diversidade de produtos. Quanto à indÃstria tÃxtil brasileira, percebeu-se que os lucros apresentam uma relaÃÃo positiva com relaÃÃo aos custos com matÃria-prima e salÃrio, e inversa com relaÃÃo Ãs despesas com encargos sociais. No Ãmbito macroeconÃmico, mostrou-se que o mercado externo influencia o setor tÃxtil em menor magnitude que os custos industriais. / Brazilian textile industry felt the effects caused by the changes occurred in the last three decades, like the insertion of new inputs and consequently new products, as well as the commercial opening and Real Plan. In this way Brazilâs textile industry has been losing share in the economy on the country and also in the world market. This performance has also been observed in the textile industry of CearÃ, where the conjunctural researches indicated a loss above the national average. In this context, this study aims to investigate the competitiveness of textile industry of Brazil and CearÃ. It was used the PorterÂs five forces theory, with the construction of indexes compared with the main states comprising Brazilian textile sector to evaluate the competitiveness of the textile sector of CearÃ. Profits were measured through statistical methodology in a panel data, to analyse the competitiveness of Brazilian textile industry. In the development of this work, it was used data from the Annual Industrial Survey conducted by IBGE and Alicewebâs data. The results indicated that the textile industry of Cearà showed elevated productivity per worker and one of the lowest production costs. But the industry in this state showed fragility in the supply of inputs by foreign market and little product diversity. As for Brazilian textile industry, we realized that the profits are positively related to the cost of raw material and wages and inverse expenses with social charges. In the macroeconomic extent, the results showed that the foreign market has less influence on the textile sector than the industrial costs.

Orientador: João Sinezio de Carvalho Campos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T14:46:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_AllineFigueiredoSoares_M.pdf: 2326635 bytes, checksum: 0db1ed7135522d3c55d2c8b3fd9becb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Para realização deste trabalho foi utilizada a técnica da eletroflotação para o tratamento de efluente de indústrias têxteis. Um reator simples foi montado com capacidade volumétrica de 20 litros (ideal para uma célula experimental) composto por placas de alumínio (estrutura tipo colméia) e uma fonte de tensão com potência regulável. O estudo realizado foi com efluentes reais, sendo que eles foram disponibilizados por duas empresas Polyenka e Santista. Salienta-se que as empresas descartam corretamente os seus efluentes, as amostras para análise foram retiradas da saída da tinturaria sem nenhum tratamento prévio. Dos métodos e procedimentos utilizados para o tratamento dos efluentes na empresa Polyenka, aquele que apresentou os melhores resultados envolveu o tempo de tratamento de 40 minutos. Neste tempo, conseguiu-se a redução de turbidez de 151 UNT para 20 UNT, ou seja, de 86,7%, com o consequentemente aumento de pH 7,55 para 9,20. A temperatura durante o tratamento variou 5oC, redução de material orgânico em 93,6% e inorgânico em 64%, comparados ao efluente in natura, houve também uma significativa redução de 90% da DQO e de 99% na DBO. Na empresa Santista conseguimos uma redução de turbidez de 4004 para 146, o pH 10,58 foi para 11,10 e finalizou em 10,56. A temperatura foi de 20,0 para 57,0 ºC uma variação de 37ºC. Obteve-se redução de TOC de 30% em relação ao efluente ¿in natura¿. Quanto ao meio ambiente, esse processo não utiliza nenhum produto químico, somente energia elétrica, tal processo torna-se bastante interessante devido à alta eficiência na remoção total da coloração do efluente em pouco tempo de tratamento e pelas análises do sobrenadante, verifica-se adicionalmente uma significativa remoção de material orgânico e sem a utilização de produtos químicos sendo ecologicamente correto / Abstract: For accomplishment of this work was used the technique of eletroflotação for the treatment of effluent of textile industries. A simple reactor was to make with volumetric capacity of 20 liters (ideal for an experimental cell) composite for aluminum plates (kind beehive structure) and a tension source with adjustable power. The method study was with effluent reals, and they were made available by two factory Polyenka and Santista. It points out that the factory discard correctly their effluent, the samples for analysis were left the exit of the dry cleaner's without any previous treatment. The methods and procedures used to the treatment of the effluent in the factory Polyenka, the one that introduced the best results involved time of treatment 40 minute. In this time, it got the turbidity reduction of 151 UNT for 20 UNT, in other words, of 86,7%, the pH increase 7,55 to 9,20. The temperature during the treatment varied 5ºC, reduction of organic material in 93,6% and inorganic in 64%, compared to the effluent in natura, also there was a significant reduction of 90% of DQO and of 99% in DBO. In the factory Santista a turbidity reduction from 4004 UNT to 146 UNT, pH 10,58 was to 11,10 and concluded in 10,56. The temperature belonged from 20,0 to 57,0 ºC a variation of 37ºC. TOC reduction of 30% regarding the effluent ¿in natura¿. The environment, whith process does not use any chemical product, only electric power, such process becomes very interesting due to the high efficiency in the total removal of the coloration of the effluent in little time of treatment and by the analyses of sobrenadante, it verifies a significant removal of organic material and without the utilization of chemical products being ecologically correct / Mestrado / Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais / Mestre em Engenharia Química

nÃo hà / Este trabalho dissertativo teve como objetivo analisar a importÃncia das forÃas competitivas para a sobrevivÃncia da Piauà TÃxtil S/A, instalada na cidade de Picos - PI. trata-se de um estudo de caso em que se buscou situar a empresa no cenÃrio socioeconÃmico atual a partir do resgate de sua histÃria, considerando mudanÃas ocorridas no ambiente; identificar as principais forÃas competitivas que determinam a sobrevivÃncia da empresa; evidenciar o diferencial competitivo; elencar os pontos fortes e fracos; alÃm de sugerir medidas para otimizar a competitividade, notadamente voltadas para a eficÃcia, reduÃÃo de custos e ampliaÃÃo de mercado. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa bibliogrÃfica e pesquisa de campo com dados coletados atravÃs de pesquisa documental e entrevistas nÃo-estruturadas aplicadas a trÃs categorias de informantes: administradores, lÃderes e operÃrios, constituindo uma amostra sob critÃrio probabilÃstico de 90 informantes diante de um universo de aproximadamente 600 colaboradores. A anÃlise adotou critÃrios quantiqualitativos por incorporar nÃmeros e aspectos nÃo mensurÃveis, referenciada nas cinco forÃas competitivas de Porter: entrada de concorrentes, ameaÃa de substitutos, poder de negociaÃÃo de clientes e fornecedores e a rivalidade da concorrÃncia. Concluiu-se que todas essas forÃas interferem em maior ou menor quantidade na competitividade da Piauà TÃxtil, entretanto o seu diferencial competitivo à o enfoque em diferenciaÃÃo. A obsolescÃncia do parque fabril e o poder de negociaÃÃo dos fornecedores constitui-se nos pontos fracos, vez que por causa da praga do bicudo do algodÃo, a empresa passou a importar matÃria prima do mercado externo no perÃodo compreendido entre metade da dÃcada de1980 a inÃcio da dÃcada de 1990, onerando os custos da produÃÃo. Atualmente pela Ãnfima produÃÃo do estado do Piauà seus principais fornecedores sÃo Bahia e Mato Grosso. Sugere-se de antemÃo, incremento tecnolÃgico do parque fabril, investimento em pesquisa e desenvolvimento e aglutinaÃÃo de forÃas sociais para a re-estruturaÃÃo da cadeia produtiva regional, notadamente a revitalizaÃÃo da cotonicultura que jà foi a principal atividade econÃmica do centro sul do estado do PiauÃ.

Orientadores: Elias Basile Tambourgi, José Carlos Curvelo Santana / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T20:43:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosa_JorgeMarcos_D.pdf: 39736123 bytes, checksum: 4ec219a60a8a654fb8441a227f97b41f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a viabilidade da reutilização contínua de efluente têxteis tratados por Processo Oxidativo Avançado em tingimentos de algodão 100% com corantes reativos, visando reutilização de, no mínimo, 90% do efluente tratado em novos processos de beneficiamentos. Projetou-se um reator do tipo batelada com capacidade para 1 litro, contendo duas lâmpadas Phillips TL-C de 6W cada, de radiação UV-C em 237 nm, juntamente com sistema de circulação e resfriamento. Inicialmente, estudou-se dois processos de fotocatálise, homogênea e heterogênea, para escolha do processo ideal. Em seguida, com auxílio de planejamento fatorial, determinou-se um método para detecção de peróxido de hidrogênio visando a neutralização deste para execução de tingimentos com o efluente tratado. Na etapa seguinte os ensaios foram efetuados em efluentes reais produzidos em escala piloto. Nestes experimentos, analisou-se o rendimento tintóreo e, na comparação de tingimentos efetuados com água normal de reabastecimento versus efluente tratado, testou-se também os índices de solidezes das cores à água e ao suor, juntamente com a resistência dos tecidos, antes e após os tingimentos. Os resultados obtidos em dez tingimentos efetuados consecutivamente demonstraram índices de remoção de cor acima de 90% em todos os casos, com desvios totais (DE) não superiores a 1,10 entre os tingimentos, gerando uma economia de 50% de recursos hídricos dos tingimentos efetuados com efluente tratado em relação aos tingimentos efetuados com água normal de reabastecimento / Abstract: The objective of this work was to study the viability of continuous reuse of textile effluent treated by Advanced Oxidative Process for dyeings of 100% cotton knit with reactive dyes in order to reuse at least 90 % of the treated effluent in new dyeing processes. A batch type reactor with a capacity of one liter containing two lamps Phillips TL - C 6W each, UV-C 237 nm , along with circulation and cooling system was developed . Initially, were studied two processes of photocatalysis, homogeneous and heterogeneous, in order to choose the ideal process. Then, with the aid of a factorial planning, it was established a method for detecting hydrogen peroxide in order to aim the neutralization of it, to perform the dyeings with the treated effluent. In the next stage, the tests were performed in real effluents produced on a pilot scale. In these experiments, were analyzed the dyeing performance between dyeings made with normal water replenishment versus treated effluent. Was also tested color fastness to water and perspiration, together with the resistance of the fabrics before and after dyeing. The results of ten consecutive dyeings carried out showed color removal rates above 90 % in all cases, with a total deviation (?E) less than 1.10 among the dyes, resulting in a savings of 50% of water in the dyeings made with treated effluent compared to dyes made with normal water replenishment / Doutorado / Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica / Doutor em Engenharia Química

Bast fibrous renewable materials, as commercial crops for the manufacture of textile based and other products, have been used for thousands of years to satisfy certain human needs, such as for shelter, clothing, source of energy and tools, and to sustain the livelihood of many communities in countries, such as in Asia, Europe and Africa. Concern for the environment has led to a number of global initiatives that favour the use of natural fibres. It is forecast that the global fibre demand by 2050 will be 130 million tonnes, which the cotton and synthetic fibre production will not be able to meet. Other than the environmental concerns, the renewed global interest in natural fibres, such as flax and hemp, forms part of a strategy to satisfy the fibre demand. South Africa, notwithstanding the fact that the flax and hemp industries have long been established for thousands of years in Europe, Asia and Egypt (Africa), has no history of the breeding, growing, processing and production of these cash crops. The renewed global interest in these crops has also stimulated interest from South Africa with respect to the development of a flax and hemp fibre industry so as to address some of the socio-economic challenges confronting the country today in its attempts to bring about real development in the rural areas through the cultivation and complete beneficiation of these fibre crops. In this regard, the relevant stakeholders, namely government, research councils, tertiary education institutions, farmers and communities worked together to investigate whether South Africa has the agronomic and climatic conditions, technical expertise as well as the necessary processing and production infrastructure to support the development of a local flax and hemp agro-industry. The purpose of this study was firstly to evaluate the performance of EU flax and hemp cultivars grown under different agronomic conditions in South Africa, and their effect on straw biomass yield, fibre yield and total fibre yield per hectare as well as associated fibre properties, and secondly to undertake mechanical fibre modification trials aimed at producing flax and hemp fibres with fibre diameters close to those of cotton. The minimum fibre diameter targeted being 20μm. In accordance with the project objectives and work plan, selected dew retted flax and hemp straw samples from the various planting sites selected by the Agriculture Research Council – Institute for Industrial Crops, representing all the agronomic conditions under investigation, were taken to the CSIR for fibre extraction and testing. A relatively inexpensive and easy to operate Russian designed and manufactured machine, the CMT-200M breaker-cum-scutcher, was used for fibre extraction and the resultant extracted fibre bundles were further refined, using a steel comb, to obtain optimal fibre separation before their physical and chemical properties were evaluated. Results obtained in this research study proved that the climatic and agronomic conditions in South Africa were suitable for the cultivation of flax and hemp, notwithstanding the fact that the fibre yields achieved for hemp were lower than the minimum criteria of 23 percent, and that for flax only just exceeded the 25 percent minimum. The lack of local technical expertise on the growing and retting of flax and hemp, contributed to the low fibre yields. The planting parameters which were found to produce good results for the cultivation of hemp were the October planting date, using a row spacing of between 12.5 to 25 cm, with a seeding density of between 80 – 100kg, and the application of 50 – 100kg nitrogen fertiliser. The use of extra artificial lighting and herbicide treatment did not appear to beneficially improve the hemp fibre yields. Similar considerations for flax cultivation in the Southern Cape region, particularly Oudtshoorn and Outeniqua, indicated that May to July planting dates, using inter-row spacing of 25cm and sowing density of 63kg seed.haˉ¹, produced a fibre yield and total fibre yield per hectare above the minimum values of 25 percent and 0,8 tonnes per hectare, respectively, quoted in the literature.

M.A. (Labor Relations) / The South African Clothing and Textile Workers Unions (SACTWU) has since 1991, with the adoption of a resolution at its National congress, campaigned vigorously for a National Industrial council for the Textile Industry. This campaign reached its climax when specific proposals were made to Textile employers on 28 August 1991 and 9 September 1991 respectively to make known their particular needs. In employer groupings several attacks were made on centralized bargaining, essentially arguing that this form of bargaining has introduced rigidities into the labour market and has contributed to the poor competitiveness of the industry. In consideration of the SACTWU demand, the study focused on the restructuring of collective bargaining in the industry in the establishment of a bargaining framework, where the level and structure of bargaining were to be shaped by the goals of economic effectiveness and social equity. Beyond this aim, the study also seeked to change the nature and quality of bargaining. Adversarial bargaining is to be replaced with co-operation, as the former will not build the economy, nor promote social equity. various aspects dealing with collective bargaining was examined to obtain a perspective on the complexities, mechanisms, structures arid processes of the bargaining system, and particularly the perceived differences in attitude towards centralized bargaining.

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / This reseacrh report is about the current role of the government/state in the restructuring of the clothing and textile industry in South Africa / South Africa

There has been substantial research in recent years on the development dynamics of agglomeration economies - the industrial cluster perspective. However, the industrial cluster literature has tended to neglect the environmental impacts of clustering. Meanwhile, industrial ecology has tackled environmental concerns by promoting a new type of eco-friendly industrial system, eco-industrial park (EIP), that encourage circular flows of materials, energy and by-product exchange between neighbouring firms. Given that these two theories can potentially supplement each other, this doctoral study seeks to build bridges between the industrial cluster literature and the industrial ecology literature in order to address the research question: “how do clustered producers draw on inter-firm collaboration and institutional linkages to undertake holistic environmental upgrading strategies?” This study draws on comparative empirical evidence from the Banwol-Sihwa textiles dyeing cluster and the Yeosu petrochemical cluster in South Korea. Both the industrial clusters show a pattern of gradual environmental upgrading that is termed as ‘collective eco-efficiency’, although specific types of such collective behaviours have become differentiated due to their structural differences. The findings provide three key contributions to industrial ecology: (1) Intra-sectoral inter-firm relationships and regional firm-institutional relationships are much more influential in establishing an EIP than inter-sectoral inter-firm relationships on which industrial ecology has conventionally emphasised. (2) Although industrial ecology has mainly concerned of sectoral heterogeneity within an area, the multiplicity of production stages within an industrial cluster is also an important physical condition in establishing an EIP. (3) The notions of institutional setting and planning that have used in very ambiguous manners in industrial ecology are in essence a type of learning-by-interaction dynamics between local firms and other actors based on regional innovation systems. As for the industrial cluster literature, the findings in this study also suggests three conceptual implications: (1) Most studies addressing environmental issues in the industrial cluster literature have largely ignored the inter-sectoral dimension, the dynamics of collective efficiency is not necessarily limited within a sectoral boundary at least with regard to environmental upgrading. (2) Given that value chains do not necessarily match material flows, anchor tenant’s coordination power over material flows should be highlighted in addition to lead firm’s coordination power over value chains. (3) Regional innovation systems function as institutional ability to balance private benefits and social benefits.

History of textile indsutry. Typization and systematization of textile industry. Lokalization of centers of textile industry. Comparation of european and asian textile centers. Characterization of chinnese textile industry. Trade relation between China and EU. Technology sharing between companies in EU, as as counteraction to growing imports from Asia. Model of development of textile industry for next decade.