Orientador: Néri de Barros Almeida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T03:44:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Polli_KatiaRegina_M.pdf: 494773 bytes, checksum: eb4e8591ed4756edde3bacc1bde6585a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este estudo corresponde ao resultado de pesquisa acerca da maneira como os medievalistas, em especial na França, têm abordado a concepção e a representação do espaço durante a Idade Média. Delimitamos nossa pesquisa às obras produzidas entre os anos de 1973 a 2008 de forma a compreender as modificações ocorridas durante este período e o crescente interesse pela temática observado nos últimos 40 anos. Procuramos discutir os sentidos do espaço como campo de pesquisa específico na historiografia medieval e sua importância na criação de interlocução com diversas áreas das ciências sociais / Abstract: This study is the output of research about how to medievalists, especially France, have approached the design and representation of space during the Middle Ages. We defined our research to works produced between the years 1973 to 2008 in order to understand the changes that occurred during this period and the growing interest in the area observed over the last 40 years. We seek to discuss the meanings of space as a field specific search in medieval history and its importance in creating dialogue with diverse areas of social sciences / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestre em História

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / No processo do envelhecimento humano ocorrem alteraÃÃes significativas no organismo,incluindo o aumento do estresse oxidativo, que tem sido responsabilizado pelo desencadeamento de muitas doenÃas degenerativas. A adoÃÃo de estratÃgia capaz de interferir no processo oxidativo seria fundamental para amenizar ou retardar o surgimento de afecÃÃes prevalentes na idade avanÃada. A utilizaÃÃo de substÃncias em doses nutracÃuticas, como precursoras de antioxidantes, tem sido muito estudada. A seguranÃa e os efeitos da suplementaÃÃo via oral de glutamina, em doses nutracÃuticas, sobre o estresse oxidativo e o metabolismo glicÃmico foram analisados em indivÃduos de meia-idade e idosos. Para tanto, foi realizado um ensaio clÃnico randomizado, controlado, cruzado, duplo-cego. Foram selecionados, pelos critÃrios do Protocolo SENIEUR com modificaÃÃes, 32 residentes em instituiÃÃo de longa permanÃncia, divididos em 2 grupos e submetidos à suplementaÃÃo com L-glutamina e caseinato de cÃlcio via oral, na dose de 0,5g/Kg/dia por perÃodo de 14 dias intercalados por pausa temporal (washout period) de 5 dias. Foram realizados exames para avaliaÃÃo de alteraÃÃes hematolÃgicas, hepÃticas, renais e calculada a estimativa do Ritmo de FiltraÃÃo Glomerular (eRFG), avaliada a capacidade antioxidante pela dosagem da Glutationa Total, cÃlculo da razÃo GSH/GSSG, do potencial redox pela EquaÃÃo de Nerst e avaliada a peroxidaÃÃo lipÃdica pela dosagem do TBARS (substÃncia reativa Ãcido tiobarbitÃrico) antes (T0) e apÃs (T1) suplementaÃÃo. Dos 32 participantes que iniciaram o estudo, um foi excluÃdo por uso de antiinflamatÃrio e out o e retirou por vontade prÃpria. Dos 30 indivÃduos restantes, 16 (53,3%) eram homens, mÃdia de idade 69  8,8 anos, peso mÃdio 61,8  14,2Kg,albumina sÃrica 4,0  0,3g/dL. NÃo houve efeito clÃnico adverso durante a utilizaÃÃo de Lglutamina,tampouco alteraÃÃo significativa dos parÃmetros laboratoriais, exceto aumento nos nÃveis de urÃia, tanto no grupo caseinato (T0 = 33,033  8,688; T1 = 43,066  11,732; p <0,0001) quanto no grupo glutamina (T0 = 34,100  9,117; T1 = 44,200  8,833; p<0,0001) e aumento estatisticamente significante de creatinina no grupo glutamina (T0 = 0,917  0,123;T1 = 1,050  0,138; p<0,0001) e reduÃÃo da eRFG: 13,3% na suplementaÃÃo de L-glutamina e de 2,9% na suplementaÃÃo de caseinato de cÃlcio, porÃm sem significado clÃnico. A concentraÃÃo sanguÃnea de Glutationa Total nÃo mostrou alteraÃÃo com a suplementaÃÃo de L-glutamina, tampouco houve alteraÃÃo na capacidade de antioxidaÃÃo do sistema glutationa avaliada pelo cÃlculo da razÃo GSH/GSSG, pela equaÃÃo de Nerst e na peroxidaÃÃo de lipÃdeos avaliada pela dosagem de TBARS. A suplementaÃÃo de L-glutamina nÃo teve impacto sobre a via glicolÃtica e secretagoga de insulina. Conclui-se que aumento nos nÃveis sÃricos de urÃia e creatinina e a reduÃÃo da estimativa de Ritmo de FiltraÃÃo Glomerular sÃo provavelmente devidos à dificuldade dos rins envelhecidos de metabolizar suplementos de fonte protÃica. Embora nÃo clinicamente significativas, estas alteraÃÃes impÃem um rigoroso controle na avaliaÃÃo dos parÃmetros da funÃÃo renal durante a suplementaÃÃo de L-glutamina na dose de 0,5g/kg/dia em indivÃduos de meia-idade e idosos. Na ausÃncia de estresse adicional, a suplementaÃÃo de L-glutamina nÃo altera o padrÃo das reaÃÃes orgÃnicas de estresse oxidativo, prÃprias do envelhecimento, nÃo justificando, portanto, seu uso nestas situaÃÃes. / Significant alterations in the organism occur in the human aging process, including the increase of oxidative stress which has been held responsible for unleashing many degenerative diseases. The adoption of a strategy able to interfere in the oxidative process would be essential to ease or retard the appearance of disorders prevailing in advanced age. The usage of substances in nutraceutic dosages as antioxidants precursors has been much studied. Safety and effects of the oral L-glutamine supplementation, in nutraceutic dosages,on oxidative stress and glucose metabolism were analyzed in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Thus, a randomized, controlled, cross-over, double-blind clinic trial was performed. Through the SENIEUR test protocol criteria with modifications, 32 people living in a nursing home were selected, divided in 2 groups and submitted to oral L-glutamine and calcium caseinate supplementation at the dosage of 0.5/kg/day for a 14-day period intercalated by a 5-day washout period. Tests were performed in order to evaluate hematological, hepatic, renal alterations and the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) was calculated, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated through the total glutathione dosage,calculation of GSH/GSSG ratio of the redox (oxidation-reduction) potential through the Nerst equation and the lipid peroxidation was evaluated through dosage of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reacting substances), before (T0) and after (T1) supplementation. From 32 participants that started the study, one was excluded due to anti-inflammatory usage and the other withdrew by own will. 16 (53.3%) out of 30 were men, average age 69 Â} 8.8 years, average weight 61.8 Â} 14.2 kg, serum albumine 4.0 Â} 0.3 g/dl. There was no clinical adverse effect during the L-glutamine usage, nor significant clinical alteration of laboratory parameters except for an increase in urea levels either at the caseinate group (T0= 34.100 Â} 9.117; T1 = 44.200 Â} 8.833; p<0.0001) as at the glutamine group (T0 = 34.100 Â} 9.117; T1 = 44.200 Â} 8.833; p<0.0001) and a statistically significant creatinine increase at the glutamine group (T0 = 0.917 Â} 0.123; T1 = 1.050 Â} 0.138; p<0.0001) and at the GFRe: 13.3% in Lglutamine supplementation and 2.9% in calcium caseinate supplementation, but without clinical significance. Blood levels of the Total Glutathione did not show alteration with Lglutamine supplementation, nor alteration in the anti-oxidation capacity of the glutathione system assessed through TBARS ratio calculation. L-glutamine supplementation had no impact on the glycolitic path and insulin secretagogue. It is concluded that the increase in urea and creatinine serum levels and the reduction of the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate occur probably due to the difficulty of the aged kidneys to metabolize protein-sourced supplements. Although they are not clinically significant, these alterations impose a rigorous control in the evaluation of the kidney function parameters during the L-glutamine supplementation with doses of 0.5g/kg/day on middle-aged and elderly individuals. In absence of additional stress, the L-glutamine supplementation does not alter the organic reactions standard of oxidative stress, pertaining to aging, not justifying, therefore, its usage in these situations.

This work is divided into four chapters. The first chapter covers with the ways leading to the salvation of the soul. Especially with the question of the dogma of purgatory and the ways, how can - according to Thomas Stitny - the quick help to compress the torture of the dead sinners in purgatory. The issue of the second chapter is a quantitative analysis of the pious legacies pecuniary as well as non-pecuniary. The fundamental research questions are: Which charitable institutions were gifted the most frequently? How large number and volume of legacies was intended for them? How differed the structure of male and female pious legacies? Which changes in the type and the volume of the pious legacies occurred during the followed period and what were the main causes of them? In the third chapter I am analyzing all the non-pecuniary legacies and ask myself the question to which extent are in their structure reflected gender and socio-economic differences among the testators. In the fourth chapter I reenact the geographical horizon of the testators. My aim is to verify an assumption that the size of the geographical horizon of the burghers is directly proportional to the total importance of the town in question.

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These stories examine the lives of working class people in light of the current economic and social climate. They address and attempt to empathize with the despair and disillusionment many working class Americans express in response to their economic and social realities, and the stories attempt to walk a non-judgmental line regarding the attitudes these characters espouse. Instead of judging the characters or championing a particular moral stance, the pieces attempt to present individuals faced with major failures: child abandonment, guilt over preventable death, overriding selfishness, racism, and shame regarding social status. These failures of character or morality echo the larger failings, as the characters perceive them, of their time and place. Within this worldview of disillusionment and despair, many of the characters in these stories choose to struggle toward self-betterment—not economic or social betterment per se, but individual betterment, a reckoning with themselves and their failures that necessarily reflects and interacts with the world they inhabit. These are stories rooted in the Midwest and its rust-belt inhabitants, but for all their contemporary socio-economic concerns, the stories are first and foremost concerned with the individual and representing each individual portrayed accurately and honestly. / Master of Fine Arts

Background. Habitual short (HSS) and long sleeper (HLS) were very interesting but under-research area. / Conclusion. Our study suggested that sleep duration of human being has marked inter-individual variability with existence of extreme sleepers at both ends. Throughout different phases of the study, there was a consistent negative relationship between sleep duration and socio-economic status. Our finding of unique personality profile between short and long sleepers supported the hypothesis that different personality trait (neuroticism trait) might mediate between sleep duration and socioeconomic variables. Further studies are indicated for investigating genetic as well as biological correlates between personality traits and sleep duration. / Method. Three phases were involved in this research to explore epidemiological, psychological, and PSG characteristics of HSS and HLS. / Phase three: 72 subjects (23 HSS, 41 HNS, and 8 HLS) were assessed by two nights PSG to be followed by multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). 37 subjects (6 HSS, 21 HNS, and 10 HLS) were assessed by four-day Actiwatch. In the first night of PSG assessment, HLS had lower sleep efficiency and longer sleep and REM latency than HSS and HNS. In the second night, REM density in HLS was higher than HSS and HNS. In MSLT, HSS (50.0%) was more likely to have mildly short sleep latency than HLS (0%). Multiple regression of these healthy sleepers suggested that shorter sleep duration was found in those subjects (a) attaining higher education level; (b) suffering from higher life stress; (c) having more sleepiness; and (d) having less neuroticism. / Phase two: 252 subjects attended the face-to-face clinical interview. Among them, there were 33 HSS-7 and 25 HLS-9. After controlling gender and age, HSS had more chance to earn more money, live in larger house, drank more alcohol, and lower neuroticism than HLS. / Result. Phase one: Brief sleep questionnaires with consent were administered to parents of students in 13 primary schools in 2003, and 10381 parents returned their questionnaires (response rate &ap; 67.9%). 593 subjects were excluded because of their incomplete information. Altogether, 9788 subjects were considered as eligible subjects that represented noninstitutionalized Chinese middle-age residents in Hong Kong (47.0% men vs 53.0% women, mean age: 40.9 years +/- 4.9 years [SD]). There were 322 (3.3%) HSS-7 (&le;7 hours), 1415 (14.5%) HLS-9 (&ge;9 hours), and 481 (4.9%) HLS-10 (&ge;10 hours). HSS had more chance to attain higher education level, earn more money and drank more tea/coffee than HLS. / Zhang Bin. / "May 2005." / Advisers: Y. K. Wing; S. O. Chan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: B, page: 0177. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-193). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

This thesis examines three male characters from Willa Cather's writing that epitomize the American Dream of professional and material success but they find no contentment once they achieve it. This disillusionment is particularly so with Cather's driven male professionals, Bartley Alexander (an architectural scholar), and Clement Sebastian (a critically acclaimed, international opera singer). Cather situates these characters at middle age and at the peak of their professional careers, which makes the examination of them an interesting study as to the effects of the encroaching modern age on successful men. This thesis begins with a brief overview of Cather's work, including scholarly criticism of each novel, progresses to the examination of her successful male characters, and concludes with the investigation of Cather as a Modernist writer.

This study explores the role of spirituality in the transition through midlife. Using narrative research methodology, in-depth tape-recorded interviews were conducted with ten self-selected adults between the ages of 47 and 63 who felt spirituality had played an important role in their transition through mid-life. Of the seven women and three men who participated, nine were Caucasian and one was Asian. Four participants were not adherents of a recognized religious faith, while the other six reported an affiliation with Eastern, middle-Eastern, or Western faiths. Of this well-educated, middle to upper income sample, four participants were married with children, three were single, and three were divorced. Tape-recorded interview transcriptions were used to develop first person narrative accounts of the role spirituality in the transition through midlife. These accounts were validated by the participants. Further analysis of the validated narratives yielded ten common elements. The first four elements indicated a significant role for spirituality in the developmental process of midlife, by helping the participants to cope with losses and challenges, revise values and identity, and find spiritual meaning. The next six elements, which suggest an expanded definition of spirituality, described the ongoing importance of spirituality in the lives of the participants. The common elements and findings are discussed in light of current theory and research on midlife, as well as psychological perspectives on spirituality.

This study explores the role of spirituality in the transition through midlife. Using narrative research methodology, in-depth tape-recorded interviews were conducted with ten self-selected adults between the ages of 47 and 63 who felt spirituality had played an important role in their transition through mid-life. Of the seven women and three men who participated, nine were Caucasian and one was Asian. Four participants were not adherents of a recognized religious faith, while the other six reported an affiliation with Eastern, middle-Eastern, or Western faiths. Of this well-educated, middle to upper income sample, four participants were married with children, three were single, and three were divorced. Tape-recorded interview transcriptions were used to develop first person narrative accounts of the role spirituality in the transition through midlife. These accounts were validated by the participants. Further analysis of the validated narratives yielded ten common elements. The first four elements indicated a significant role for spirituality in the developmental process of midlife, by helping the participants to cope with losses and challenges, revise values and identity, and find spiritual meaning. The next six elements, which suggest an expanded definition of spirituality, described the ongoing importance of spirituality in the lives of the participants. The common elements and findings are discussed in light of current theory and research on midlife, as well as psychological perspectives on spirituality. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate